IDSGAN: Generative Adversarial Networks for Attack Generation against Intrusion Detection

As an important tool in security, the intrusion detection system bears the responsibility of the defense to network attacks performed by malicious traffic. Nowadays, with the help of machine learning algorithms, the intrusion detection system develops rapidly. However, the robustness of this system is questionable when it faces the adversarial attacks. To improve the detection system, more potential attack approaches should be researched. In this paper, a framework of the generative adversarial networks, IDSGAN, is proposed to generate the adversarial attacks, which can deceive and evade the intrusion detection system. Considering that the internal structure of the detection system is unknown to attackers, adversarial attack examples perform the black-box attacks against the detection system. IDSGAN leverages a generator to transform original malicious traffic into adversarial malicious traffic. A discriminator classifies traffic examples and simulates the black-box detection system. More significantly, we only modify part of the attacks' nonfunctional features to guarantee the validity of the intrusion. Based on the dataset NSL-KDD, the feasibility of the model is demonstrated to attack many detection systems with different attacks and the excellent results are achieved. Moreover, the robustness of IDSGAN is verified by changing the amount of the unmodified features.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure

High Current Matching over Full-Swing and Low-Glitch Charge Pump Circuit for PLLs

A high current matching over full-swing and low-glitch charge pump (CP) circuit is proposed. The current of the CP is split into two identical branches having one-half the original current. The two branches are connected in source-coupled structure, and a two-stage amplifier is used to regulate the common-source voltage for the minimum current mismatch. The proposed CP is designed in TSMC 0.18µm CMOS technology with a power supply of 1.8 V. SpectreRF based simulation results show the mismatch between the current source and the current sink is less than 0.1% while the current is 40 µA and output swing is 1.32 V ranging from 0.2 V to 1.52 V. Moreover, the transient output current presents nearly no glitches. The simulation results verify the usage of the CP in PLLs with the maximum tuning range from the voltage-controlled oscillator, as well as the low power supply applications

In situ vibrational spectroscopic investigation of C4 hydrocarbon selective oxidation over vanadium-phosphorus-oxide catalysts

n-Butane selective oxidation over the VPO catalyst to maleic anhydride is the first and only commercialized process of light alkane selective oxidation. The mechanism of this reaction is still not well known despite over twenty years of extensive studies, which can be partially attributed to the extreme difficulties to characterize catalytic reactions real-time under typical reaction conditions. In situ spectroscopic characterization techniques such as infrared spectroscopy and laser Raman spectroscopy were used in the current mechanistic investigations of n-butane oxidation over VPO catalysts;To identify the reaction intermediates, oxidation of n-butane, 1,3-butadiene and related oxygenates on the VPO catalyst were monitored using FTIR spectroscopy under transient conditions. n-Butane was found to adsorb on the VPO catalyst to form olefinic species, which were further oxidized to unsaturated, noncyclic carbonyl species. The open chain dicarbonyl species then experienced cycloaddition to form maleic anhydride;VPO catalyst phase transformations were investigated using in situ laser Raman spectroscopy. During reduction-oxidation step changes, (VO)2P2O7 was readily converted to alphaII-, delta-VOPO4 and ultimately to beta-VOPO 4 in O2/N2; these V5+ phases were eliminated in n-butane/N2. A wet nitrogen feed (5--10% H2O in N2) transformed (VO)2P2O 7 and alphaI-, alphaII-, beta-, delta, gamma-VOPO 4 to V2O5 at temperatures above 400°C. The presence of water vapor facilitated the loss of oxygen atoms involved in V-O-P bonding; separated vanadium oxide and phosphorus oxide species were formed. The isolated vanadium oxides than transformed to V2O5, and phosphorus species likely diffused from the catalyst lattice in the form of acid phosphates

Quantifying quantum coherence based on the generalized α−z−\alpha-z-relative Reˊ\acute{e}nyi entropy

We present a family of coherence quantifiers based on the generalized $\alpha-z-$relative R$\acute{e}$nyi entropy. These quantifiers satisfy all the standard criteria for well-defined measures of coherence, and include some existing coherence measures as special cases.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figure