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Retraction Note: Ankrd36 Inhibits Nuclear Factor-ฮบB Activation and Inflammation in Mice Aortic Endothelial Cells
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์ค๊ตญ์ธ์ ํ๊ตญ ์ฑํ๊ด๊ด์ ์ค์ฌ์ผ๋ก
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ (์์ฌ) -- ์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ : ์ฌํ๊ณผํ๋ํ ์ธ๋ฅํ๊ณผ, 2021. 2. ๊น์ฌ์.Aiming at Chinese tourists who came to South Korea for cosmetic surgery tourism, this dissertation investigated the motives of their cross-border movement and the process they went through. In order to find out why Chinese people prefer to get cosmetic surgery in South Korea, which could also be done in China, I critically approach the theory of transnationalism and the role of imagination in transnational migration. The existing theory, embodied by Appadurai, suggests that imagination crossing borders has formed new identities and changed everyday life. It implies that the imagination of Korean cosmetic surgery held by Chinese tourists could be the power to advance their transnational movement. However, there are some limitations in the existing theory. First, it tried to explain how the imagination spreads, but confined the answer to the electronic media which is only a platform rather than a process. Second, it pointed out that there is a gap between the images presented on electronic media and the reality, but it did not reveal how the imagination narrows the gap. Focusing on the entire process of Chinese cosmetic surgery tourism in South Korea, this study analyzed the work of imagination which penetrates through the transnational process so as to illuminate not only the formation and reproduction process but also the limitations of the transnational imagination.
Through the fieldwork investigation, I found that Chinese cosmetic surgery tourists form their imagination about Korean cosmetic surgery while using different social medias to get informations about Korean cosmetic surgery before leaving China. Numerous real stories presented on social medias compose mediascape, which become the base for starting a concrete imagination of becoming beautiful through cosmetic surgery tourism in Korea. Chinese cosmetic surgery tourists find the possibility of their own future through the experiences of others showed on social medias. This possibility is presented as the form of dream and will drive individualsโ transnational movements. The reality of Korean cosmetic surgery, reproduced through electronic media, is essentially manipulation in that it hides the processing traces that appear in the process of being produced by media. However, in the perspective of viewers far from the reality of Korean cosmetic surgery tourism, it appears as a kind of simulacre which looks more real than the reality.
It should be highlighted that the imagination of Korean cosmetic surgery tourism formed by social media exposes the gap with reality from the first stage of cross-border. The line between reality and fiction is blurred in mediascape, but in the process of actual cosmetic surgery tourism, the gap between reality and imagination is exposed. Cosmetic surgery tourists experience the gap when receiving unfear treatment at cosmetic surgery hospitals due to their foreign nationality or in the process of failing to issue legally valid documents such as receipts and contracts.
Interestingly, while experiencing the gap between dreams and reality and noticing their weak position in the cross-border context, they complete the journey of Korean cosmetic surgery tourism at the end. This is because their dream of acquiring beauty through cosmetic surgery tourism has the power to mobilize their energy and exert their abilities in a specific direction. Many Chinese cosmetic surgery tourists believe that Korean cosmetic surgery technology is advanced and maintain the belief that they can have a better future through getting cosmetic surgery, thereby overcoming the difficulties they face in South Korea.
Chinese tourists who have finished cosmetic surgery tourism and returned to China could choose to share their experiences on the Internet. These experiences again help form the imagination of others who are preparing for cosmetic surgery tourism. The act of Chinese cosmetic surgery tourists posting their stories on the Internet connects the end and beginning of the imagination surrounding Korean cosmetic surgery tourism. When the end point and the start point were connected, it could be observed that the transnational imagination reproduces through the form of the cycle.
This process of reproduction contributed to the formation of a unique way of survival that Chinese people learned and shared as the number of Chinese people engaged in cosmetic surgery tourism increased, and ultimately created a safer and more predictable pathway for cosmetic surgery tourism. This shows the fact that the cyclically flowing imagination is constantly influencing reality, and the practical possibility of better cosmetic surgery tourism specialized for Chinese tourists.๋ณธ ๋
ผ๋ฌธ์ ํ๊ตญ์ผ๋ก ์ฑํ๊ด๊ด์ ์ค๋ ์ค๊ตญ์ธ์ ๋์์ผ๋ก, ์ด๋ค์ ์ด๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์ ์ด๋์ด ์์๋ ๋๊ธฐ์ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ฑฐ์น๋ ๊ณผ์ ์ ์กฐ๋ช
ํ์๋ค. ์ฐ๊ตฌ์๋ ์ค๊ตญ์ธ๋ค์ด ์ค๊ตญ์์๋ ๊ฐ๋ฅํ ๋ฏธ์ฉ์ฑํ ์๋น์ค๋ฅผ ํ๊ตญ์์ ํ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ ํธํ๋ ์ด์ ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์ํด ์ด๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์ฃผ์(transnational) ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ์ด๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์ ์ด๋์์ ์์๋ ฅ์ด ์ทจํ๋ ์ญํ ์ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ๋นํ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ ๊ทผํ๋ค. ์ํ๋๋ผ์ด๋ก ๋ํ๋๋ ๊ธฐ์กด ์ด๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์ฃผ์ ์ด๋ก ์ด ์ ์ํ๋ ๋ฐ, ์์๋ ฅ์ด ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์ ๋๋๋ค๋ฉด์ ์๋ก์ด ์ ์ฒด์ฑ์ ํ์ฑํ๊ณ ์ผ์์ ์ถ์ ๋ณํ์ํค๊ณ ์๋ค๋ ์ฃผ์ฅ์, ์ค๊ตญ์ธ๋ค์ด ๊ฐ์ง๋ ํ๊ตญ์ฑํ์ ๊ดํ ์์์ด ์ด๋ค์ ์ด๊ตญ์ ์ด๋์ ์ถ๋ํ๋ ํ์ ์ง๋๋ค๋ ์ฌ์ค๋ก ๋ท๋ฐ์นจ๋๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ๊ธฐ์กด์ ์ด๋ก ์์ ์์๋ ฅ์ ํ์ฐ ๋ฐฉ์์ ์ค๋ช
ํ๋ ๋ฐฉ์์ด ์ฃผ๋ก ์ ์๋งค์ฒด๋ผ๋ ํ์ฐํต๋ก์ ๊ธฐ๋ฐํ๋ค๋ ์ ์์ ํ๊ณ๊ฐ ์๋ค. ๋ํ ๊ธฐ์กด์ ์ด๋ก ์ ์ ์๋งค์ฒด์์ ๋ํ๋๋ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง์ ํ์ค ์ฌ์ด์ ๊ฐ๊ทน์ด ์กด์ฌํ๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ์ง์ ํ์์ง๋ง, ์์๋ ฅ์ด ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ผ๋ก ์ด๋ ํ ๋ฐฉ์์ผ๋ก ๊ทธ ๊ฐ๊ทน์ ์ถ์ํด ๋๊ฐ๋์ง๋ฅผ ๋ฐํ์ง ์์๋ค. ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ์ค๊ตญ์ธ์ ํ๊ตญ ์ฑํ๊ด๊ด์ ์ ๊ณผ์ ์ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ์ฌ, ์ด ๊ณผ์ ์ ๊ดํตํ๋ ์์๋ ฅ์ ์์ฉ์ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ถ์ํจ์ผ๋ก์จ ์ด๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์ ์์์ ํ์ฑ๊ณผ ์ฌ์์ฐ ๊ณผ์ ๋ฐ ํ๊ณ๋ฅผ ์กฐ๋ช
ํ์๋ค.
์กฐ์ฌ๋ฅผ ํตํด ์ฐ๊ตฌ์๋ ์ค๊ตญ์ธ ์ฑํ๊ด๊ด๊ฐ๋ค์ด ์ถ๊ตญ ์ ์ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋ค๋ฅธ ์์
๋ฏธ๋์ด๋ฅผ ์ด์ฉํ์ฌ ํ๊ตญ์ฑํ์ ๊ดํ ์ ๋ณด๋ฅผ ์์๋ณด๋ฉด์ ํ๊ตญ ์ฑํ์ ๊ดํ ์์์ ํ์ฑํ๋ค๋ ์ฌ์ค์ ๋ฐ๊ฒฌํ์๋ค. ์์
๋ฏธ๋์ด์์ ์ ํ ์ ์๋ ์๋ง์ ์์ํ ์ฌ๋ก๋ค์ ํ ํญ์ ๋ฏธ๋์ด์ค์ผ์ดํ(mediascape)๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ฑํ์ฌ, ํ๊ตญ ์ฑํ๊ด๊ด์ ํตํด ์๋ฆ๋ค์์ ํ๋ํ๋ค๋ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์์์ ์์ํ๋ ๊ธฐ์ด๊ฐ ๋๋ค. ์ค๊ตญ์ธ ์ฑํ๊ด๊ด๊ฐ๋ค์ ์์
๋ฏธ๋์ด์ ๊ณต๊ฐ๋ ํ์ธ์ ๊ฒฝํ๋ด์ ํตํด ์์ ์ ๋ฏธ๋์ ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ์ ๋ฐ๊ฒฌํ๋ค. ์ด ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ์ ๊ฐ์ธ์๊ฒ ๊ณ ์ ํ ๊ฟ์ ํ์์ผ๋ก ๊ตฌ์ฒดํ๋๋ฉฐ, ์ค๊ตญ์ธ ์ฑํ๊ด๊ด๊ฐ์ ์ด๊ตญ์ ์ด๋์ ์ถ๋ํ๊ฒ ๋๋ค. ์ ์๋งค์ฒด๋ฅผ ํตํด ์ฌํ๋ ํ๊ตญ ์ฑํ์ ํ์ค์ ๋งค์ฒด๊ฐ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง๋ค์ ์์ฐํ๋ ๊ณผ์ ์์ ๋ํ๋๋ ๊ฐ๊ณต์ ํ์ ์ ์ํํ๋ค๋ ์ ์์ ์กฐ์์ผ๋ก ๊ฐ์ฃผํ ์ ์๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ํ๊ตญ ์ฑํ๊ด๊ด์ ํ์ค๊ณผ ๋ฉ๋ฆฌ ๋จ์ด์ ธ ์๋ ์์ฒญ์์ ์๊ฐ์๋ ํ์ค๋ณด๋ค ๋ ํ์ค์ ์ธ ์๋ฎฌ๋ผํฌ๋ฅด(simulacre)์ ์ผ์ข
์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋๊ฒ ๋๋ค.
์ฃผ๋ชฉํด์ผ ํ ๊ฒ์, ์์
๋ฏธ๋์ด์ ์ํด ํ์ฑ๋ ํ๊ตญ ์ฑํ๊ด๊ด์ ๋ํ ์์์ ์ด๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์ ์ด๋์ ์ฒซ ๋จ๊ณ์์๋ถํฐ ํ์ค๊ณผ์ ๊ดด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋
ธ์ถํ๊ฒ ๋๋ค๋ ์ฌ์ค์ด๋ค. ๋ฏธ๋์ด์ค์ผ์ดํ์์๋ ํ์ค๊ณผ ํ๊ตฌ ์ฌ์ด์ ๊ตฌ๋ถ์ ์ด ํฌ๋ฏธํด์ก์ง๋ง, ์ค๊ตญ์ธ ์ฑํ๊ด๊ด๊ฐ๋ค์ด ํ๊ตญ์ ๋์ฐฉํ ํ์ ๋ง์ฃผํ๋ ์ค์ ํ๊ตญ ์ฑํ๊ด๊ด์ ๊ณผ์ ์์๋ ํ์ค๊ณผ ์์ ์ฌ์ด์ ์กด์ฌํ๋ ๊ฐ๊ทน์ด ๋
ธ์ถ๋๋ค. ์ธ๊ตญ์ธ์ด๋ผ๋ ์ ๋ถ์ผ๋ก ์ธํด ์ฑํ๋ณ์์์ ๋ถํ๋ฑํ ๋์ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๊ฑฐ๋, ์์์ฆ์ด๋ ๊ณ์ฝ์๋ฅผ ๋น๋กฏํ ๋ฒ์ ํจ๋ ฅ์ด ์๋ ์๋ฅ๋ฅผ ์ ๋๋ก ๋ฐ๊ธ๋ฐ์ง ๋ชปํ๋ ๊ณผ์ ์์ ์ฑํ ๊ด๊ด๊ฐ๋ค์ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ๊ทน์ ๊ฒฝํํ๋ค.
ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ก์ด ๊ฒ์, ์ค๊ตญ์ธ ์ฑํ๊ด๊ด๊ฐ๋ค์ด ์ด๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์์ ๊ฟ๊ณผ ํ์ค ์ฌ์ด์ ๊ฐ๊ทน์ ํ์ธํ๊ณ , ์ธ๊ตญ์ธ์ด๋ผ๋ ์์ ์ ์ทจ์ฝํ ์์น๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํํ๋ฉด์๋ ํ๊ตญ ์ฑํ๊ด๊ด์ ์ฌ์ ์ ๋๊น์ง ์์ฑํ๋ค๋ ์ฌ์ค์ด๋ค. ์ด๋ ์ฑํ๊ด๊ด์ ํตํด ์๋ฆ๋ค์์ ํ๋ํ๋ ๊ทธ๋ค์ ๊ฟ์ด ๊ฐ์ ์ ์๋์ง๋ฅผ ๋์ํ์ฌ ๊ทธ๋ค์ ๋ฅ๋ ฅ์ ํน์ ๋ฐฉํฅ์ผ๋ก ๋ฐํ๋๊ฒ ํ๋ ํ์ ๊ฐ์ง๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ด๋ค. ๋ง์ ์ค๊ตญ์ธ ์ฑํ๊ด๊ด๊ฐ๋ค์ ํ๊ตญ ์ฑํ๊ธฐ์ ์ด ์ ์ง์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋ฏฟ๊ณ ์ด๋ฅผ ํตํด ๋ ๋์ ๋ฏธ๋๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง ์ ์๋ค๋ ๋ฏฟ์์ ๊ฒฌ์งํ์ฌ ํ๊ตญํ์์ ์ง๋ฉด๋ ์ด๋ ค์์ ๊ทน๋ณตํด ๋๊ฐ๊ฒ ๋๋ค.
๊ฟ์ ํ์ ๋น์ด ์ฑํ๊ด๊ด์ ๋ชฉ์ ์ ๋ฌ์ฑํ๊ณ ๊ท๊ตญํ ์ค๊ตญ์ธ์ ๊ท๊ตญ ํ์ ์์ ์ ๊ฒฝํ์ ์ธํฐ๋ท์์ ๊ณต์ ํ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ ๊ฒ ๊ณต์ ๋ ๊ฒฝํ๋ค์ ๋๋ค์ ์ฑํ๊ด๊ด์ ์ค๋นํ๋ ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ๊ตฌ์ฑํ๋ ์์์ ์ผ๋ถ๊ฐ ๋๋ค. ์ค๊ตญ์ธ ์ฑํ๊ด๊ด๊ฐ๋ค์ด ์์ ์ ๊ฒฝํ์ ์ธํฐ๋ท์ผ๋ก ์ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ ํ์๋ ํ๊ตญ ์ฑํ๊ด๊ด์ ๋๋ฌ์ผ ์์์ ์ข
์ ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ ์ ์ฐ๊ฒฐ์ํจ๋ค.
์ฐ๊ตฌ์๋ ์ด๋ฌํ ์ข
์ ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ ์ด ์ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ ์๊ฐ์ ํตํด ์ด๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์ ์์์ด ์ํ๊ณผ์ ์ ํตํด ์ฌ์์ฐํ๋ ์์์ ๊ด์ฐฐํ ์ ์์๋ค. ์ด๋ฌํ ์ฌ์์ฐ์ ๊ณผ์ ์ ์ฑํ๊ด๊ด์ ๋์๋ ์ค๊ตญ์ธ๋ค์ ์๊ฐ ์ฆ๊ฐํ๋ฉด์ ์ด๋ค์ด ํฐ๋ํ์ฌ ๊ณต์ ํ๊ฒ ๋ ์ค๊ตญ์ธ๋ง์ ์์กด๋ฐฉ์์ ํ์ฑํ๋ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์ฌํ์๊ณ , ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ณด๋ค ์์ ํ๊ณ ์์ธก ๊ฐ๋ฅํ ์ฑํ๊ด๊ด์ ํต๋ก๋ฅผ ๋ง๋ค์ด ๋ด๊ฒ ๋์๋ค. ์ด๋ ์ํ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ ๋ํ๋ ์์์ด ํ์ค์ ๋์์์ด ์ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น๊ณ ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ํ์ค์ ๊ฐ๊ทน์๋ ๋ถ๊ตฌํ๊ณ ์ค๊ตญ์ธ์๊ฒ ํนํ๋ ๋ ์ข์ ์ฑํ๊ด๊ด์ ์ค์ ์ ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ์ ํ์คํํ๋ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ๊ณผ์ ์ ๋ณด์ฌ์ค๋ค.โ
. ์๋ก 1
1. ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ 1
2. ์ด๋ก ์ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์ ํ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒํ 4
1) ์ ์ง๊ตฌํ์ ์ด๊ตญ๊ฐ์ฃผ์ 4
2) ์์
๋ฏธ๋์ด 8
3) ์๋ฎฌ๋ผํฌ๋ฅด(simulacre), ๊ฟ 12
4) ์ค๊ตญ์ธ์ ํ๊ตญ ์ฑํ๊ด๊ด์ ๋ํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ 15
3. ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋์ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ 21
4. ๊ฐ ์ฅ์ ๊ตฌ์ฑ 25
โ
ก. ์ฑํ ์ฌ์ ์ ์์๊ณผ ์์์ ์๋ 27
1. ํ๊ตญ ์ฑํ๊ด๊ด์ ๋ํ ์์์ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 27
1) ์๋ฃ์๋น์ค์ ๋ณํ๊ณผ ์ ์ง๊ตฌํ 27
2) ๋์ค๋ฌธํ ์์ดํ
์ผ๋ก์์ ํ๋ฅ 32
2. ์์
๋ฏธ๋์ด๋ฅผ ํตํ ๊ฒฝํ๊ณต์ ์ ์์์ ํ์ฑ 36
3. โํ๊ตญ ๋ทฐํฐโ์ ์ค๊ตญ ์ฑํ๊ด๊ด๊ฐ์ ์ํ์ 52
โ
ข. ์ด๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์ ์ด๋ ๊ณผ์ ์ ์ด๋ ค์๊ณผ ์ค๊ตญ์ธ ๊ด๊ด๊ฐ์ ๋์ 61
1. ํ๊ตญ ์ฑํ๊ด๊ด์ ์ํ ์ถ๊ตญ ์ค๋น 61
2. ์ด๊ตญํํฅ์์์ ์์กด๋ฒ์น ๋ชจ์ 63
1) ๋ถ๋ฒ ๋ธ๋ก์ปค์ ์ฑํ๊ณผ ๋ชฐ๋ฝ 63
2) ์ค๊ตญ์ด ์๋ด์ค์ฅ์์ ์์กด 70
3) ๋ณ์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ ์ ๋ต 74
4) ๋ฐ๋์งํ ์๋ฐ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ 78
3. ์์๊ณผ ํ์ค์ ๊ดด๋ฆฌ 82
1) ๋ชจ์: ์๋น์์ ํ์ ์ฌ์ด์์ 82
2) ๊ตญ์ ์ฐจ์ด์ ๊ทน๋ณต ๋ถ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ 87
3) ํ์ค๋ณด๋ค ๋ ํ์ค์ ์ธ ์์ 90
โ
ฃ. ์ด๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์ ์์์ ์์ฑ 94
1. ๋ฏธ๋๋ฅผ ํฅํ ์ค์ฒ 94
2. ์์ ์ํ์ ์ข
์ ์์ ๊ธฐ์ ์ผ๋ก 99
โ
ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก 107
์์์ ํ์ฐ๊ณผ ์ํ 107
์์๊ณผ ํ์ค์ ๋ณ์ฆ๋ฒ 109
์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ 111
Abstract 117Maste
Rare Plankton Subcommunities Are Far More Affected by DNA Extraction Kits Than Abundant Plankton
Advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies allow a more complete study of microbial plankton community composition and diversity, especially in the rare microbial biosphere. The DNA extraction of plankton is a key step for such studies; however, little is known about its influences on the abundant or rare microbial biosphere. Our aim was to quantify the influences of different DNA extraction kits on abundant and rare plankton in the surface waters of a reservoir and provide a reference for the comparisons between microbial community studies with different extraction methods. We evaluated the influence of five common commercial kits on DNA quality, microbial community diversity and composition, and the reproducibility of methods using both 16S and 18S rRNA genes amplicon sequencing. Our data showed that results of Fast DNA Spin Kit for Soil (MPF) had higher ฮฑ diversity for bacteria and high DNA quality, indicating that it is the most suitable approach for bacterioplankton diversity study. However, DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit (QD) and QIAamp DNA Mini Kit (QQ) methods could produce results that are easier to replicate for bacteria and eukaryotes, respectively, and were more comparable between studies. The use of different DNA extraction kits had larger influence on the rare taxa compared with abundant taxa. Therefore, the comparability between studies that employed different extraction methods can be improved by removing low-abundance or less-representative OTUs. Collectively, this study provides a comprehensive assessment of the biases associated with DNA extraction for plankton communities from a freshwater reservoir. Our results may guide researchers in experimental design choices for DNA-based ecological studies in aquatic ecosystem
Landing dynamic simulation of aircraft landing gear with multi-struts
The landing dynamic modeling technology for aircraft landing gear is based on accurate evaluation of the landing gear landing performance. Aiming to study the post landing gear, a model for dynamic analysis of the gear is established based on the analysis of the structure mechanical features and the characteristics of landing dynamic performance. The landing dynamic analysis of strut landing gear is conducted by using LMS Motion software. According to the comparative analysis between simulation and drop test, the dynamic modeling method is accurate and reasonable. To obtain the load distribution of each landing gear, a full aircraft model of multi-strut landing gear is built, and then the dynamic simulation analysis is carried out in different landing process. The study shows that the rear main landing gear bears the highest proportion of load. The initial pitch angle influences load distribution of each landing gear. A lateral force is exerted on the main landing gear tire, when the plane is landing asymmetrically. With landing condition becoming stable, the lateral force is eliminated
Anti-bacterial properties of lactoferrin immobilized wool fabric
A new biological cross-linker, microbial transglutaminase (mTGase), has been used to catalyze the immobilization of lactoferrin onto the wool fabrics, and the antibacterial properties of immobilized wool on both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria are studied. It is found that the minimal inhibitory concentration of lactoferrin against Sยทaureus and Eยทcoli is 0.5mg/mL and 0.25mg/mL respectively. As compared to the control sample, the amount of lactoferrin adhered onto the wool fabric improves from 4.87 mg.(g fabric)-1 to 12.96 mg.(g fabric)-1, indicating that the crosslinking reaction initiated by mTGase can increase the amount of lactoferrin fixed onto wool fabric obviously. The ratios of bacteriostasis to S.aureus and E.coli of wool fabrics immobilized with lactoferrin are bound to be 57.95% and 69.96% respectively, showing good antibacterial property
Personalized Estimate of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Development and External Validation of a Nomogram in Cancer Patients Receiving Highly/Moderately Emetogenic Chemotherapy.
Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is presented in over 30% of cancer patients receiving highly/moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC/MEC). The currently recommended antiemetic therapy is merely based on the emetogenic level of chemotherapy, regardless of patient's individual risk factors. It is, therefore, critical to develop an approach for personalized management of CINV in the era of precision medicine.A number of variables were involved in the development of CINV. In the present study, we pooled the data from 2 multi-institutional investigations of CINV due to HEC/MEC treatment in Asian countries. Demographic and clinical variables of 881 patients were prospectively collected as defined previously, and 862 of them had full documentation of variables of interest. The data of 548 patients from Chinese institutions were used to identify variables associated with CINV using multivariate logistic regression model, and then construct a personalized prediction model of nomogram; while the remaining 314 patients out of China (Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan) entered the external validation set. C-index was used to measure the discrimination ability of the model.The predictors in the final model included sex, age, alcohol consumption, history of vomiting pregnancy, history of motion sickness, body surface area, emetogenicity of chemotherapy, and antiemetic regimens. The C-index was 0.67 (95% CI, 0.62-0.72) for the training set and 0.65 (95% CI, 0.58-0.72) for the validation set. The C-index was higher than that of any single predictor, including the emetogenic level of chemotherapy according to current antiemetic guidelines. Calibration curves showed good agreement between prediction and actual occurrence of CINV.This easy-to-use prediction model was based on chemotherapeutic regimens as well as patient's individual risk factors. The prediction accuracy of CINV occurrence in this nomogram was well validated by an independent data set. It could facilitate the assessment of individual risk, and thus improve the personalized management of CINV
Determining the Biodegradability of Leachate Through XAD-8 Adsorption
AbstractKnowledge of biodegradability of leachate during municipal solid waste disposal is important for this process. The traditional indicator BOD5/COD can characterize the leachate stability, but the experiment of BOD5 lasts long time and success or failure is often affected by various factors, such as the seed, solution times, dilution multiple, and high levels of nitrate and nitrite. The present study was built up an innovative method with short time to determine the biodegradability of leachate by using XAD-8 resin. The leachate was sampled from the aerobic, semi-aerobic, and anaerobic degradations of municipal solid waste. The degradability of leachate could be determined using the formula given by 1-2.084CODXAD/COD. When the CODXAD/COD ratio is greater than 0.432, the leachate is expected to be stable
ฮจ
We give some sufficient conditions for ฮจ-uniform stability of the trivial solutions of a nonlinear differential system and of nonlinear Volterra integro-differential systems with time delay
Immediate Versus Delayed Topotecan after First-line Therapy in Small Cell Lung Cancer
Background and objective How to prolong progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) has been one of the hottest issues. We retrospectively reviewed our data to compare the survival of immediate with delayed topotecan after first-line therapy in SCLC. Methods In our retrospective study, 53 patients with SCLC were divided into two groups as follow: patients receiving topotecan-containing regimen as maintenance/consolidation (maintenance/consolidation chemotherapy group) and salvage chemotherapy (salvage chemotherapy group). The Log-rank test was used to assess the difference in OS between two groups. Cox regression model was used for the multivariable analysis of independent prognostic factors. Results Twenty-nine patients received topotecan as maintenance/consolidation treatment, whereas 24 patients salvage chemotherapy. The response rates were 51.7% and 41.7%, respectively. The median survival time were 20 months and 27 months respectively (P=0.89). Multivariate Cox regression analyses identified sex and stage as independent prognostic factors. Conclusion Efficacy of first-line therapy was improved by topotecan maintenance/consolidation treatment, which did not result in any significant survival benefits in SCLC
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