30 research outputs found
Epidemiology of facial fractures: Incidence, prevalence and years lived with disability estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study
Background: The Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) has historically produced estimates of causes of injury such as falls but not the resulting types of injuries that occur. The objective of this study was to estimate the global incidence, prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) due to facial fractures and to estimate the leading injurious causes of facial fracture. Methods: We obtained results from GBD 2017. First, the study estimated the incidence from each injury cause (eg, falls), and then the proportion of each cause that would result in facial fracture being the most disabling injury. Incidence, prevalence and YLDs of facial fractures are then calculated across causes. Results: Globally, in 2017, there were 7 538 663 (95% uncertainty interval 6 116 489 to 9 4
Global trends of hand and wrist trauma: A systematic analysis of fracture and digit amputation using the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Study
Background: As global rates of mortality decrease, rates of non-fatal injury have increased, particularly in low Socio-demographic Index (SDI) nations. We hypothesised this global pattern of non-fatal injury would be demonstrated in regard to bony hand and wrist trauma over the 27-year study period. Methods: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 was used to estimate prevalence, age-standardised incidence and years lived with disability for hand trauma in 195 countries from 1990 to 2017. Individual injuries included hand and wrist fractures, thumb amputations and non-thumb digit amputations. Results: The global incidence of hand trauma has only modestly decreased since 1990. In 2017, t
Effect of crop residues applied isolated or in combination on the germination and seedling growth of horse purslane (Trianthema portulacastrum)
The Immune Landscape of Cancer
We performed an extensive immunogenomic anal-ysis of more than 10,000 tumors comprising 33diverse cancer types by utilizing data compiled byTCGA. Across cancer types, we identified six im-mune subtypes\u2014wound healing, IFN-gdominant,inflammatory, lymphocyte depleted, immunologi-cally quiet, and TGF-bdominant\u2014characterized bydifferences in macrophage or lymphocyte signa-tures, Th1:Th2 cell ratio, extent of intratumoral het-erogeneity, aneuploidy, extent of neoantigen load,overall cell proliferation, expression of immunomod-ulatory genes, and prognosis. Specific drivermutations correlated with lower (CTNNB1,NRAS,orIDH1) or higher (BRAF,TP53,orCASP8) leukocytelevels across all cancers. Multiple control modalitiesof the intracellular and extracellular networks (tran-scription, microRNAs, copy number, and epigeneticprocesses) were involved in tumor-immune cell inter-actions, both across and within immune subtypes.Our immunogenomics pipeline to characterize theseheterogeneous tumors and the resulting data areintended to serve as a resource for future targetedstudies to further advance the field
Use of Aerosols for Bronchial Provocation Testing in the Laboratory: Where We Have Been and Where We Are Going
RRS James Clark Ross Cruise JR298: Marine geology and geophysics. Antarctic Peninsula Pacific Margin and southern Bellingshausen Sea. January - March 2015
The main purpose of cruise JR298 was to collect marine geological and geophysical
samples and data to support International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) proposal 732-
Full2, “Sediment drifts off the Antarctic Peninsula and West Antarctica” (Channell, Larter,
Hillenbrand et al.). The ship time was allocated for this purpose on the basis of a Site Survey
Investigation grant from the NERC UK-IODP Programme (NE/J006548/1: Depositional
patterns and records in sediment drifts off the Antarctic Peninsula and West Antarctica) to
R.D. Larter, C.-D. Hillenbrand (both BAS), D.A. Hodell (University of Cambridge) and
A.G.C. Graham (University of Exeter). The data and samples collected will also be used in
two Collaborative Gearing Scheme projects, an Antarctic Science Bursary project, a
University of Cambridge PhD studentship, and within the National Capability remit of the
BAS Science Teams in “Geology and Geophysics” and “Palaeoenvironments and Climate
Change”.
These projects are:
• Tracing and reconstructing the neodymium and carbon isotopic composition of
circum-Antarctic waters (CGS-100, PI: A.M. Piotrowski, Department of Earth
Sciences, University of Cambridge; cruise participants: A.M. Piotrowski and T.J.
Williams).
• Structural characterisation of Late Quaternary sediments from West Antarctic
contourite drifts using three dimensional X-ray imaging (CT-scanning) (CGS-98, PI:
C. Ó Cofaigh, Department of Geography, Durham University; cruise participant: J.
Horrocks)
• Tracing the Quaternary evolution of the Antarctic Peninsula and West Antarctic Ice
Sheets using lead isotopes in ice-rafted feldspar mineral grains (Antarctic Science
Bursary awarded to C. Cook).
• Seismic imaging of oceanographic structures and processes in the Southern Ocean
south of the Polar Front (component of University of Cambridge/BP Institute PhD
studentship; primary supervisor: N.J. White, Department of Earth Sciences, University
of Cambridge; PhD student and cruise participant: K.L. Gunn).
• Modelling crustal structure across the Bellingshausen Gravity Anomaly and oceanic
fracture zones formed at the Antarctic-Phoenix Ridge through integration of marine
potential field and seismic data (Collaboration between two BAS Science Teams;
cruise participant: T.A.R.M. Jordan).
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The cruise also provided support for physical oceanography projects by deploying six
Argo floats and rescuing a malfunctioning sea glider.
Towards the end of the cruise, RRS James Clark Ross was diverted to Rothera to uplift 16
personnel who had been flown across from Halley in two ALCI Basler aircraft because the
sea ice situation in the Weddell Sea was considered to pose a significant risk to the scheduled
last call of the season at Halley by RRS Ernest Shackleton. This uplift resulted in a two-day
delay to arrival at Punta Arenas at the end of the cruise, which was in addition to a two-day
extension already agreed as a result of departure from Punta Arenas having been delayed by
slow refuelling.
Adverse weather conditions, particularly during the first half of the cruise, resulted in
more downtime than the amount of contingency time that had been allowed in the proposal.
As a result, one less piston core and about 20% fewer line-km of seismic data were collected
than had been planned. Nevertheless, the key objectives were achieved and the cores and data
that were collected are of very good quality. The data and cores collected on cruise JR298,
combined with existing data and cores, should satisfy all of the requirements of the Site
Characterisation Panel and the Environmental Protection and Safety Panel of IODP. They will
also provide a good basis for addressing the science objectives set out in the UK-IODP Site
Survey Investigation proposal and those of the ancillary projects listed above