Evaluation on the Effects of Deicing Chemicals on Soil and Water Environment

AbstractDeicing chemicals are widely used to clear the pavement snow in the cold areas of China and many other countries in winter, because of their simple operation and excellent snow-melting effect, which leads to more convenience for traffic and low probability of traffic accident in the city, especially in metropolis. However, with the ever-growing application of deicing chemicals, their negative effects on environment such as soil and water system increased dramatically. Based on the related researches in China and abroad, this paper summarized the two categories of deicing chemicals and their working principles, and then provided the unique characteristics of deicing chemicals’ effects on soil and water environment in large cities, which may need considerable quantity of the chemicals to relieve traffic congestion. What's more, main aspects of impacts by deicing chemicals on regional soil and water environment and the fundamental factors related to the aspects above respectively were generalized, in order to propose a conceptual model to evaluate the harmful effects. Moreover, this paper put forward some suggestions for the further research in this field to fulfill the model, and provided a scientific basis for the pollution prevention of deicing chemicals on urban environment

Study on vibration and stability of functionally graded cylindrical shells subjected to hydrostatic pressure

Based on the Flügge’s shell theory, the vibration characteristics and stability of submerged functionally graded (FG) cylindrical shell under hydrostatic pressure is examined. By means of conversion switch on axial wave number, the coupled frequency of submerged FG cylindrical shell with various boundary conditions is obtained, using wave propagation method and Newton method. Then the critical pressure of FG cylindrical shells is given by applying linear fitting method. Results are compared to known solutions, where these solutions exist. The natural frequency and critical pressure of FG cylindrical shell are illustrated. The effects of constituent materials, volume fraction, boundary condition and dimensions on the natural frequencies and critical pressures of submerged FG cylindrical shell are illustrated by examples

Study on vibration and stability of functionally graded cylindrical shells subjected to hydrostatic pressure

Based on the Flügge’s shell theory, the vibration characteristics and stability of submergedfunctionally graded (FG) cylindrical shell under hydrostatic pressure is examined. By means of conversionswitch on axial wave number, the coupled frequency of submerged FG cylindrical shell with variousboundary conditions is obtained, using wave propagation method and Newton method. Then the criticalpressure of FG cylindrical shells is given by applying linear fitting method. Results are compared to knownsolutions, where these solutions exist. The natural frequency and critical pressure of FG cylindrical shell are illustrated. The effects of constituent materials, volume fraction, boundary condition and dimensions on the natural frequencies and critical pressures of submerged FG cylindrical shell are illustrated by examples.2nd International Symposium on Engineering Mechanics and its Applications, Kitakyushu, Japan, 30 – 31 August 201

Meta-stable SUSY Breaking Model in Supergravity

We analyze a supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking model proposed by Intriligator, Seiberg and Shih in a supergravity (SUGRA) framework. This is a simple and natural setup which demands neither extra superpotential interactions nor an additional gauge symmetry. In the SUGRA setup, the U(1)R symmetry is explicitly broken by the constant term in the superpotential, and pseudo-moduli field naturally takes non-zero vacuum expectation value through a vanishing cosmological constant condition. Sfermions tend to be heavier than gauginos, and the strong-coupling scale is determined once a ratio of sfermion to gaugino masses is fixed.Comment: 13 page

Studies of the electric dipole transitions of deformed rare-earth nuclei

Spectrum and electric dipole transition rates and relative intensities in $^{152-154}$Sm, $^{156-160}$Gd, $^{160-162}$Dy are studied in the framework of the interacting boson model with s,p,d,f bosons. It is found that E1 transition data among the low-lying levels are in good agreement with the SU(3) dynamical symmetry of the spdf interacting boson model proposed by Engel and Iachello to describe collective rotation with octupole vibration. These results show that these nuclei have SU(3) dynamic symmetry to a good approximation. Also in this work many algebraic expressions for electric dipole transitions in the SU(3) limit of the spdf-IBM have been obtained. These formulae together with the formulae given previously exhaust nearly all the E1 transitions for low-lying negative parity states. They are useful in analyzing experimental data.Comment: 26 pages, 1 figur

Circulating Levels of Adipocyte and Epidermal Fatty Acid–Binding Proteins in Relation to Nephropathy Staging and Macrovascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

OBJECTIVE—To investigate the relationships of serum adipocyte fatty acid–binding protein (A-FABP) and epidermal fatty acid–binding protein (E-FABP) with renal dysfunction and macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetic patients

Charmless Bs→PP,PV,VVB_s\to PP, PV, VV Decays Based on the six-quark Effective Hamiltonian with Strong Phase Effects II

We provide a systematic study of charmless $B_s \to PP, PV, VV$ decays ($P$ and $V$ denote pseudoscalar and vector mesons, respectively) based on an approximate six-quark operator effective Hamiltonian from QCD. The calculation of the relevant hard-scattering kernels is carried out, the resulting transition form factors are consistent with the results of QCD sum rule calculations. By taking into account important classes of power corrections involving "chirally-enhanced" terms and the vertex corrections as well as weak annihilation contributions with non-trivial strong phase, we present predictions for the branching ratios and CP asymmetries of $B_s$ decays into PP, PV and VV final states, and also for the corresponding polarization observables in VV final states. It is found that the weak annihilation contributions with non-trivial strong phase have remarkable effects on the observables in the color-suppressed and penguin-dominated decay modes. In addition, we discuss the SU(3) flavor symmetry and show that the symmetry relations are generally respected

On the Progenitors of Core-Collapse Supernovae

Theory holds that a star born with an initial mass between about 8 and 140 times the mass of the Sun will end its life through the catastrophic gravitational collapse of its iron core to a neutron star or black hole. This core collapse process is thought to usually be accompanied by the ejection of the star's envelope as a supernova. This established theory is now being tested observationally, with over three dozen core-collapse supernovae having had the properties of their progenitor stars directly measured through the examination of high-resolution images taken prior to the explosion. Here I review what has been learned from these studies and briefly examine the potential impact on stellar evolution theory, the existence of "failed supernovae", and our understanding of the core-collapse explosion mechanism.Comment: 7 Pages, invited review accepted for publication by Astrophysics and Space Science (special HEDLA 2010 issue

Characterization of a novel 4.0-kb y-type HMW-GS from Eremopyrum distans

A novel 4.0-kb Fy was sequenced and bacterially expressed. This gene, the largest y-type HMW-GS currently reported, is 4,032-bp long and encodes a mature protein with 1,321 amino acid (AA) residues. The 4.0-kb Fy shows novel modifications in all domains. In the N-terminal, it contains only 67 AA residues, as three short peptides are absent. In the repetitive domain, the undecapeptide RYYPSVTSPQQ is completely lost and the dodecapeptide GSYYPGQTSPQQ is partially absent. A novel motif unit, PGQQ, is present in addition to the two standard motif units PGQGQQ and GYYPTSPQQ. Besides, an extra cysteine residue also occurs in the middle of this domain. The large molecular mass of the 4.0-kb Fy is mainly due to the presence of an extra-long repetitive domain with 1,279 AA residues. The novel 4.0-kb Fy gene is of interest in HMW-GS gene evolution as well as to wheat quality improvement with regard to its longest repetitive domain length and extra cysteines residues