Drugačni pristopi v obravnavi kitajske estetike: Fang Dongmei in Xu Fuguan

The article introduces Fang Dongmei’s and Xu Fuguan’s ideas about aesthetics and examines their different methodological approaches. Fang Dongmei and Xu Fuguan are both representatives of the second generation of Modern Taiwanese Confucianism. The fundamental goal of this significant movement is to re-evaluate and re-examine the profound contents of Chinese thought in contemporary socio-political conditions through a dialogue with Western philosophy. The representatives of Modern Confucianism of the 20th century hoped that the encounter with the Western intellectual tradition would serve as a platform for modernization of Chinese culture on the one hand, and as a way to achieve the recognition of the West for the profound value of the Chinese intellectual tradition on the other. Fang Dongmei was one of the first representatives of this movement who was trained in Western and Chinese philosophy, and hence built his own philosophical theory on the encounter of both, while Xu Fuguan was one of the first who engaged in a dialogue with the West in the field of Chinese aesthetics. The present article illuminates the profound differences in their basic methods: while Fang Dongmei’s elaboration upon Chinese art and aesthetics is based on philosophical and poetic approaches, Xu Fuguan’s comprehension is grounded on philological, historical and cultural analyses. The author argues that such mutual differences between their ideas show their reciprocal complementarity, which in turn provides a more profound and clear understanding of the specific spirit of Chinese art.Članek predstavi Fang Dongmeijevo in Xu Fuguanovo estetsko misel ter razišče njune različne metodološke pristope. Fang Dongmei in Xu Fuguan sta bila predstavnika druge generacije tajvanskega modernega konfucijanstva. Temeljni cilj tega pomembnega gibanja je bil na podlagi dialoga z zahodno filozofijo ponovno ovrednotiti in preučiti globoke vsebine kitajske misli v sodobnih družbeno-političnih razmerah. Predstavniki modernega konfucianizma 20. stoletja so upali, da bo srečanje z zahodno intelektualno tradicijo na eni strani služilo kot platforma za modernizacijo kitajske kulture, na drugi strani pa kot način doseganja prepoznanja vrednosti in vsebin kitajske intelektualne tradicije s strani Zahoda. Fang Dongmei je bil eden prvih predstavnikov tega gibanja, ki je bil izobražen v zahodni in kitajski filozofiji in ki je na podlagi sinteze med njima zgradil lastno filozofsko teorijo. Xu Fuguan pa je bil eden prvih, ki je vzpostavil dialog z Zahodom na področju kitajske estetike. Članek osvetli razlike v njunih osnovnih metodah: medtem ko je Fang Dongmeijevo proučevanje kitajske umetnosti in estetike temeljilo na filozofskih in poetičnih pristopih, Xu Fuguanovo temelji na filoloških, zgodovinskih in kulturnih analizah. Članek pokaže, da se razlike med njunimi idejami dopolnjujejo, kar posledično omogoča bolj poglobljeno in jasno razumevanje posebnosti duha kitajske umetnosti

On the hyper-order of solutions of nonhomogeneous linear differential equations

In this paper, we study the hyper-order of solutions of higher order linear differential equation begin{equation*} f^{(k)}+A_{k-1}(z)f^{(k-1)}+ldots A_{1}(z)f^{prime }+A_{0}(z)f=H(z),end{equation*} where $kgeq 2$ is an integer, $A_{j}left( zright)$ $(j=0,1,ldots,k-1)$ and $Hleft( zright)$ $left( notequiv 0right)$ are entire functions or polynomials. We improve previous results given by Xu and Cao

Recombinant interleukin-1β dilates steelhead trout coronary microvessels : effect of temperature and role of the endothelium, nitric oxide and prostaglandins

© 2015. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd. Acknowledgements We thank Wenjuan Xu and Xin Xu (Hein Lab) for their excellent instruction in microvessel techniques, Dr David Heeley (Biochemistry Department, MUN) for assistance with selecting an appropriate (non-vasoactive) protein stabilizer, Dr Zou (SFIRC, Aberdeen) for advice with regards to the use of rIL-1β and Gordon Nash (Gamperl Lab) for his assistance with the rIL-1β purification protocol. Funding This research was supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grant [RGPIN249926] and Accelerator Supplement [RGPAS412325-2011] to A.K.G. a National Institutes of Health Grant [EY018420] to T.W.H., and a doctoral fellowship from Fundaçã o para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal [SFRH/BD/27497/2006] to I.A.S.F.C. Deposited in PMC for release after 12 months.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

II. The Standard Model in the Isotopic Foldy-Wouthuysen Representation without Higgs Bosons in the Fermion Sector. Spontaneous Breaking of Parity and "Dark Matter" Problems

The Standard Model with massive fermions is formulated in the isotopic Foldy-Wouthuysen representation. SU(2)xU(1) - invariance of the theory in this representation is independent of whether fermions possess mass or not, and, consequently, it is not necessary to introduce interactions between Higgs bosons and fermions. The study discusses a possible relation between spontaneous breaking of parity in the isotopic Foldy-Wouthuysen representation and the composition of elementary particles of "dark matter".Comment: 12 page

Financing, fire sales, and the stockholder wealth effects of asset divestiture announcements

We thank Dimitris Andriosopoulos, Leonidas Barbopoulos, Robert Faff, Russell Gregory-Allan, Krishna Paudyal, Amandeep Sahota, Jianren Xu, participants at the 2015 European Accounting Association Annual Congress (Glasgow), 2015 Financial Management Association European Conference (Venice), 2015 Financial Management Association Annual Meeting (Orlando), and seminar participants at the University of Strathclyde for helpful comments on earlier versions of this work. We also thank Martin Kemmitt for helpful research assistance. All errors remain our own.Peer reviewedPostprin

A novel minimal in vitro system for analyzing HIV-1 Gag mediated budding

A biomimetic minimalist model membrane was used to study the mechanism and kinetics of cell-free in vitro HIV-1 Gag budding from a giant unilamellar vesicle (GUV). Real time interaction of Gag, RNA and lipid leading to the formation of mini-vesicles was measured using confocal microscopy. Gag forms resolution limited punctae on the GUV lipid membrane. Introduction of the Gag and urea to a GUV solution containing RNA led to the budding of mini-vesicles on the inside surface of the GUV. The GUV diameter showed a linear decrease in time due to bud formation. Both bud formation and decrease in GUV size were proportional to Gag concentration. In the absence of RNA, addition of urea to GUVs incubated with Gag also resulted in subvesicle formation but exterior to the surface. These observations suggest the possibility that clustering of GAG proteins leads to membrane invagination even in the absence of host cell proteins. The method presented here is promising, and allows for systematic study of the dynamics of assembly of immature HIV and help classify the hierarchy of factors that impact the Gag protein initiated assembly of retroviruses such as HIV.Comment: 27 pages, 9 Figures and 0 Table

Essential metals at the host-pathogen interface : nutritional immunity and micronutrient assimilation by human fungal pathogens

AC and DW are supported by a Sir Henry Dale Fellowship jointly funded by the Wellcome Trust and the Royal Society (Grant Number 102549/Z/13/Z).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Factors impacting knowledge transfer success in information systems outsourcing

Despite increased research interest on knowledge transfer in information systems (IS) outsourcing, the field still lacks sound and holistic understanding of the key factors influencing knowledge transfer success. The present paper attempts to provide a synthesis of existing theoretical perspectives and empirical findings related to the factors that facilitate or hamper knowledge transfer success in IS outsourcing. The data collection method is discussed and the key findings are presented. Conclusion is drawn and further research is suggested

Erratum: Midrapidity antiproton-to-proton ratio from Au+Au collisions at sqrt[sNN]=130 GeV [Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 4778 (2001)]

alle Autoren: C. Adler, Z. Ahammed, C. Allgower, M. Anderson, G. S. Averichev, J. Balewski, O. Barannikova, L. S. Barnby, J. Baudot, S. Bekele, V. V. Belaga, R. Bellwied, J. Berger, H. Bichsel, L. C. Bland, C. O. Blyth, B. E. Bonner, R. Bossingham, A. Boucham, A. Brandin, H. Caines, M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, A. Cardenas, J. Carroll, J. Castillo, M. Castro, D. Cebra, S. Chattopadhyay, M. L. Chen, Y. Chen, S. P. Chernenko, M. Cherney, A. Chikanian, B. Choi, W. Christie, J. P. Coffin, L. Conin, T. M. Cormier, J. G. Cramer, H. J. Crawford, M. DeMello, W. S. Deng, A. A. Derevschikov, L. Didenko, J. E. Draper, V. B. Dunin, J. C. Dunlop, V. Eckardt, L. G. Efimov, V. Emelianov, J. Engelage, G. Eppley, B. Erazmus, P. Fachini, M. I. Ferguson, E. Finch, Y. Fisyak, D. Flierl, K. J. Foley, N. Gagunashvili, J. Gans, M. Germain, F. Geurts, V. Ghazikhanian, J. Grabski, O. Grachov, D. Greiner, V. Grigoriev, E. Gushin, T. J. Hallman, D. Hardtke, J. W. Harris, M. Heffner, S. Heppelmann, T. Herston, B. Hippolyte, A. Hirsch, E. Hjort, G. W. Hoffmann, M. Horsley, H. Z. Huang, T. J. Humanic, H. Hümmler, G. J. Igo, A. Ishihara, Yu. I. Ivanshin, P. Jacobs, W. W. Jacobs, M. Janik, I. Johnson, P. G. Jones, E. Judd, M. Kaneta, M. Kaplan, D. Keane, A. Khodinov, A. Kisiel, J. Klay, S. R. Klein, A. Klyachko, A. S. Konstantinov, L. Kotchenda, A. D. Kovalenko, M. Kramer, P. Kravtsov, K. Krueger, C. Kuhn, A. I. Kulikov, G. J. Kunde, C. L. Kunz, R. Kh. Kutuev, A. A. Kuznetsov, J. Lamas-Valverde, M. A. C. Lamont, J. M. Landgraf, S. Lange, C. P. Lansdell, B. Lasiuk, F. Laue, A. Lebedev, T. LeCompte, V. M. Leontiev, P. Leszczynski, M. J. LeVine, Q. Li, Q. Li, S. J. Lindenbaum, M. A. Lisa, T. Ljubicic, W. J. Llope, G. LoCurto, H. Long, R. S. Longacre, M. Lopez-Noriega, W. A. Love, D. Lynn, L. Madansky, R. Majka, A. Maliszewski, S. Margetis, L. Martin, J. Marx, H. S. Matis, Yu. A. Matulenko, T. S. McShane, Yu. Melnick, A. Meschanin, Z. Milosevich, N. G. Minaev, J. Mitchell, V. A. Moiseenko, D. Moltz, C. F. Moore, V. Morozov, M. M. de Moura, M. G. Munhoz, G. S. Mutchler, J. M. Nelson, P. Nevski, V. A. Nikitin, L. V. Nogach, B. Norman, S. B. Nurushev, J. Nystrand, G. Odyniec, A. Ogawa, C. A. Ogilvie, M. Oldenburg, D. Olson, G. Paic, S. U. Pandey, Y. Panebratsev, S. Y. Panitkin, A. I. Pavlinov, T. Pawlak, V. Perevoztchikov, W. Peryt, V. A Petrov, W. Pinganaud, E. Platner, J. Pluta, N. Porile, J. Porter, A. M. Poskanzer, E. Potrebenikova, D. Prindle, C. Pruneau, S. Radomski, G. Rai, O. Ravel, R. L. Ray, S. V. Razin, D. Reichhold, J. Reid, F. Retiere, A. Ridiger, H. G. Ritter, J. B. Roberts, O. V. Rogachevski, C. Roy, D. Russ, V. Rykov, I. Sakrejda, J. Sandweiss, A. C. Saulys, I. Savin, J. Schambach, R. P. Scharenberg, N. Schmitz, L. S. Schroeder, A. Schüttauf, K. Schweda, J. Seger, D. Seliverstov, P. Seyboth, K. E. Shestermanov, S. S. Shimanskii, V. S. Shvetcov, G. Skoro, N. Smirnov, R. Snellings, J. Sowinski, H. M. Spinka, B. Srivastava, E. J. Stephenson, R. Stock, A. Stolpovsky, M. Strikhanov, B. Stringfellow, H. Stroebele, C. Struck, A. A. P. Suaide, E. Sugarbaker, C. Suire, T. J. M. Symons, A. Szanto de Toledo, P. Szarwas, J. Takahashi, A. H. Tang, J. H. Thomas, V. Tikhomirov, T. Trainor, S. Trentalange, M. Tokarev, M. B. Tonjes, V. Trofimov, O. Tsai, K. Turner, T. Ullrich, D. G. Underwood, G. Van Buren, A. M. VanderMolen, A. Vanyashin, I. M. Vasilevski, A. N. Vasiliev, S. E. Vigdor, S. A. Voloshin, F. Wang, H. Ward, R. Wells, T. Wenaus, G. D. Westfall, C. Whitten, Jr., H. Wieman, R. Willson, S. W. Wissink, R. Witt, N. Xu, Z. Xu, A. E. Yakutin, E. Yamamoto, J. Yang, P. Yepes, A. Yokosawa, V. I. Yurevich, Y. V. Zanevski, J. Zhang, W. M. Zhang, R. Zoulkarneev, and A. N. Zubare