Study on natural characteristics of fiber metal laminates thin plates under cantilever boundary

Through the combination of theory and experiment, the natural characteristics of the fiber metal laminates thin plates under cantilever boundary are analyzed and verified. Based on the mechanics of composites and classical laminated plate theory, the theoretical model is established. The orthogonal polynomial method and the energy method are used to solve the natural characteristics. Meanwhile the calculation process is proposed. And then, the natural characteristics of a TA2/TC500 fiber metal laminates thin plate are tested. It is found that comparing the calculation results of the frequencies with the test ones, the errors are within the range of 3.4 % to 4.5 %, the trends of modal shapes are consistent as well, thus the effectiveness of above method has been verified

Extending the wavelength tunability from 2.01 to 2.1 μm and simultaneous dual-wavelength operation at 2.05 and 2.3 μm in diode-pumped Tm:YLF lasers

Abstract(#br)We report on wavelength extension of diode-pumped Tm:YLF crystal lasers. Using specifically coated end-face mirrors, we have achieved a simulataneous dual-wavelength laser at 2.05 and 2.3 μm with a maximum output power up to 1.33 W and slope efficiency of about 9.7% in continuous-wave regime, for the first time to the best of our knowledge. Moreover, using an un-doped YAG etalon for wavelength tuning, the 2.05 μm lasing wavelength can be shifted to as far as 2.1 μm. We believe that it is the first time that a Tm:YLF laser has been wavelength extended to that far. Using a Cr:ZnSe saturable absorber, a passively Q-switched Tm:YLF laser at 2.05 μm has also attained with a maximum average output power of 0.66 W. The shortest pulse width is 91.7 ns at pulse repetition rate of 8.47 kHz. This work has extended the operating wavelengths of Tm 3+ lasers to that in general for Ho 3+ lasers, which could be practically meaningful for various applications

Research progress of abnormal lactate metabolism and lactate modification in immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma

Tumors meet their energy, biosynthesis, and redox demands through metabolic reprogramming. This metabolic abnormality results in elevated levels of metabolites, particularly lactate, in the tumor microenvironment. Immune cell reprogramming and cellular plasticity mediated by lactate and lactylation increase immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment and are emerging as key factors in regulating tumor development, metastasis, and the effectiveness of immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors. Reprogramming of glucose metabolism and the “Warburg effect” in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) lead to the massive production and accumulation of lactate, so lactate modification in tumor tissue is likely to be abnormal as well. This article reviews the immune regulation of abnormal lactate metabolism and lactate modification in hepatocellular carcinoma and the therapeutic strategy of targeting lactate-immunotherapy, which will help to better guide the medication and treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

A FEN 1-driven DNA walker-like reaction coupling with magnetic bead-based separation for specific SNP detection

Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) plays a key role in the carcinogenesis of the human genome, and understanding the intrinsic relationship between individual genetic variations and carcinogenesis lies heavily in the establishment of a precise and sensitive SNP detection platform. Given this, a powerful and reliable SNP detection platform is proposed by a flap endonuclease 1 (FEN 1)-driven DNA walker-like reaction coupling with a magnetic bead (MB)-based separation. A carboxyfluorescein (FAM)-labeled downstream probe (DP) was decorated on a streptavidin magnetic bead (SMB). The target DNA, as a walker strand, was captured by hybridization with DP and an upstream probe (UP) to form a three-base overlapping structure and execute the walking function on the surface of SMB. FEN 1 was employed to specifically recognize the three-base overlapping structure and cut the 5′flap at the SNP site to report the walking event and signal amplification. Considering the fact that the fluorescence was labeled on the cleavage and uncleavage sequences of DP and the target DNA-triggered walking event was undistinguishable from the mixtures, magnetic separation came in handy for cleavage probe (CP) isolation and discrimination of the amplified signal from the background signal. In comparison with the conventional DNA walker reaction, this strategy was coupling with SMB-based separation, thus promising a powerful and reliable method for SNP detection and signal amplification

Ultrahigh Thermoelectric Performance by Electron and Phonon Critical Scattering in Cu 2 Se 1‐x I x

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/102251/1/adma201302660.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/102251/2/adma201302660-sup-0001-S1.pd

Non-Markovian Transmission through Two Quantum Dots Connected by a Continuum

We consider a transport setup containing a double-dot connected by a continuum. Via an exact solution of the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation, we demonstrate a highly non-Markovian quantum-coherence-mediated transport through this dot-continuum-dot (DCD) system, which is in contrast with the common premise since in typical case a quantum particle does not reenter the system of interest once it irreversibly decayed into a continuum (such as the spontaneous emission of a photon). We also find that this DCD system supports an unusual steady state with unequal source and drain currents, owing to electrons irreversibly entering the continuum and floating there

Racial and ethnic differences in internal medicine residency assessments

IMPORTANCE: Previous studies have demonstrated racial and ethnic inequities in medical student assessments, awards, and faculty promotions at academic medical centers. Few data exist about similar racial and ethnic disparities at the level of graduate medical education. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between race and ethnicity and performance assessments among a national cohort of internal medicine residents. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This retrospective cohort study evaluated assessments of performance for 9026 internal medicine residents from the graduating classes of 2016 and 2017 at Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-accredited internal medicine residency programs in the US. Analyses were conducted between July 1, 2020, and June 31, 2022. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was midyear and year-end total ACGME Milestone scores for underrepresented in medicine (URiM [Hispanic only; non-Hispanic American Indian, Alaska Native, or Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander only; or non-Hispanic Black/African American]) and Asian residents compared with White residents as determined by their Clinical Competency Committees and residency program directors. Differences in scores between Asian and URiM residents compared with White residents were also compared for each of the 6 competency domains as supportive outcomes. RESULTS: The study cohort included 9026 residents from 305 internal medicine residency programs. Of these residents, 3994 (44.2%) were female, 3258 (36.1%) were Asian, 1216 (13.5%) were URiM, and 4552 (50.4%) were White. In the fully adjusted model, no difference was found in the initial midyear total Milestone scores between URiM and White residents, but there was a difference between Asian and White residents, which favored White residents (mean [SD] difference in scores for Asian residents: -1.27 [0.38]; P \u3c .001). In the second year of training, White residents received increasingly higher scores relative to URiM and Asian residents. These racial disparities peaked in postgraduate year (PGY) 2 (mean [SD] difference in scores for URiM residents, -2.54 [0.38]; P \u3c .001; mean [SD] difference in scores for Asian residents, -1.9 [0.27]; P \u3c .001). By the final year 3 assessment, the gap between White and Asian and URiM residents\u27 scores narrowed, and no racial or ethnic differences were found. Trends in racial and ethnic differences among the 6 competency domains mirrored total Milestone scores, with differences peaking in PGY2 and then decreasing in PGY3 such that parity in assessment was reached in all competency domains by the end of training. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this cohort study, URiM and Asian internal medicine residents received lower ratings on performance assessments than their White peers during the first and second years of training, which may reflect racial bias in assessment. This disparity in assessment may limit opportunities for physicians from minoritized racial and ethnic groups and hinder physician workforce diversity

Viral Aetiology in Adults with Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infection in Jinan, Northern China

Our study investigated the epidemiology of respiratory viruses in adult patients with upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) between August 2009 and September 2010 in Jinan, northern China. Nasal and throat swabs (n=596) were collected from adult patients with URTIs. Nine respiratory-related viruses, including IFV, PIV, HRV, HMPV, HBoV, HCoV, ADV, RSV, and EV, were detected in all samples by conventional and reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions. Positive detection rate for respiratory virus was 38.76% and codetection rate was 4.70% in adults with acute respiratory tract infections. IFV (20.81%) was the dominant agent detected and IFVB had a higher incidence (12.58%) than IFVA (7.72%). Detection rates of 8.22%, 5.03%, 3.69%, and 2.52% were observed for HBoV, HRV, EV, and RSV, respectively. HCoV had the lowest detection rate of 0.50%. HBoV, HRV, EV, and ADV infection rates were higher in the 14–25-year-old group than in the 26–65-year-old group. Codetection rates were higher (7.52%) in the 14–25-year-old group than in the older age group (2.64%). The spectrum of respiratory virus infection in adult patients with URTIs was different in Jinan compared with other cities in China

Insights into the Jahn-Teller effect in layered oxide cathode materials for potassium-ion batteries

Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) have attracted increasing interest as promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in large-scale electrical energy storage systems due to the potential price advantages, abundant availability of potassium resources, and low standard redox potential of potassium. However, the pursuit of suitable cathode materials that exhibit desirable characteristics such as voltage platforms, high capacity, and long cycling stability is of utmost importance. Recently, layered transition-metal oxides for PIBs offer great potential due to their high theoretical capacity, suitable voltage range, and eco-friendliness. Nevertheless, the progress of KxMO2 cathodes in PIBs faces obstacles due to the detrimental effects of structural disorder and irreversible phase transitions caused by the Jahn-Teller effect. This review provides a brief description of the origin and mechanism of the Jahn-Teller effect, accompanied by the proposed principles to mitigate this phenomenon. In particular, the current status of KxMO2 cathodes for PIBs, is summarized highlighting the challenges posed by the Jahn-Teller effect. Furthermore, promising strategies, such as composition modulation, synthesis approaches, and surface modification, are proposed to alleviate and suppress the Jahn-Teller effect. These strategies offer valuable insights into the prospects of innovative cathode materials and provide a foundation for future research in the field of PIBs