Lineage Divergence and Historical Gene Flow in the Chinese Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus sinicus)

PMCID: PMC3581519This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited

Real-Time Queue Length Detection with Roadside LiDAR Data

Real-time queue length information is an important input for many traffic applications. This paper presents a novel method for real-time queue length detection with roadside LiDAR data. Vehicles on the road were continuously tracked with the LiDAR data processing procedures (including background filtering, point clustering, object classification, lane identification and object association). A detailed method to identify the vehicle at the end of the queue considering the occlusion issue and package loss issue was documented in this study. The proposed method can provide real-time queue length information. The performance of the proposed queue length detection method was evaluated with the ground-truth data collected from three sites in Reno, Nevada. Results show the proposed method can achieve an average of 98% accuracy at the six investigated sites. The errors in the queue length detection were also diagnosed

Pullout behaviour of inclined shallow plate anchors in sand

This paper presents an experimental study on the pullout behaviour of inclined shallow plate anchors subject to axial pull in sand. The 1g model tests were performed to examine the effects of anchor inclination and sand-anchor interface conditions on the load-displacement response and the associated failure and deformation mechanisms of plate anchors at various embedment ratios and sand densities. The anchor pullout capacity was found to increase continuously with the load inclination angle to the vertical (), and the increase was more significant for from to . The effect of sand-anchor interface conditions was negligible for horizontal plate anchors () but it became increasingly significant at larger inclination angles. The effects of these two factors both decreased with an increasing embedment ratio. Their influences on the failure and deformation mechanisms were measured and analysed using a digital image correlation (DIC) technique. Based on the test data and results available in the literature, a simple empirical method for the prediction of pullout resistance of inclined plate anchors in sand is calibrated and recommended.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author

SM2-Based Offline/Online Efficient Data Integrity Verification Scheme for Multiple Application Scenarios

With the rapid development of cloud storage and cloud computing technology, users tend to store data in the cloud for more convenient services. In order to ensure the integrity of cloud data, scholars have proposed cloud data integrity verification schemes to protect users’ data security. The storage environment of the Internet of Things, in terms of big data and medical big data, demonstrates a stronger demand for data integrity verification schemes, but at the same time, the comprehensive function of data integrity verification schemes is required to be higher. Existing data integrity verification schemes are mostly applied in the cloud storage environment but cannot successfully be applied to the environment of the Internet of Things in the context of big data storage and medical big data storage. To solve this problem when combined with the characteristics and requirements of Internet of Things data storage and medical data storage, we designed an SM2-based offline/online efficient data integrity verification scheme. The resulting scheme uses the SM4 block cryptography algorithm to protect the privacy of the data content and uses a dynamic hash table to realize the dynamic updating of data. Based on the SM2 signature algorithm, the scheme can also realize offline tag generation and batch audits, reducing the computational burden of users. In security proof and efficiency analysis, the scheme has proven to be safe and efficient and can be used in a variety of application scenarios

Syntheses, Structural Variation, and Characterization of a Series of Crystalline Coordination Compounds with 4‑Benzene-1,2,4-triazole: Polymorph, Incomplete Spin Transition, and Single Crystal-to-Single Crystal Transformation

Based on the 4-substituted 1,2,4-triazole derivate ligand 4-benzene-1,2,4-triazole (L), a series of crystalline coordination complexes varying from mononuclear to trinuclear species, namely, [Zn­(L)₂­Br₂] (<b>1</b>), [Zn­(L)₂­Br₂] (<b>2</b>), [Fe­(L)₄­(NCS)₂]₂ (<b>3</b>), [Fe₂­(μ₂-L)₃­(L)₂­(NCS)₄]·CH₃OH·CH₃CH₂­OH (<b>4</b>), [Fe₂­(μ₂-L)₃­(L)₂­(NCS)₄]·2CH₃CH₂­OH (<b>5</b>), [Fe₂­(μ₂-L)₃­(L)₂­(NCS)₄]·2CH₃CH₂­OH·1.5H₂O (<b>6</b>), and [Ni₃­(μ₂-L)₆­(L)₄­(H₂O)₂]­(NO₃)₆·15.5H₂O (<b>7</b>), have been isolated. <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> present a temperature-induced polymorphic phenomenon of two zinc­(II) coordination complexes with L. The solvent effect plays the key role for the self-assembly of these Fe­(II) complexes <b>3</b>–<b>6</b>: <b>3</b> contains mononuclear Fe­(L)₄(NCS)₂ units without spin-transition behavior, whereas both <b>4</b> and <b>5</b> present binuclear Fe­(II) complexes with three N₁,N₂-1,2,4-triazole bridges exhibiting incomplete spin-transition behavior. The low-temperature X-ray structural analysis (100 K) of <b>4</b> also confirms that one of the Fe­(II) centers is located at the low-spin (LS) state and the other Fe­(II) center is located at the high-spin (HS) state. Interestingly, when the binuclear Fe­(II) complex <b>5</b> was exposed in the water atmosphere, solvent-induced single crystal-to-single crystal transformation can be observed, and the binuclear Fe­(II) complex <b>6</b> exhibiting antiferromagnetic interactions can be isolated. Further, a trinuclear crystalline compound is isolated when Ni­(II) salts were used to react with L. Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurement (2–300 K) reveals antiferromagnetic interactions in <b>7</b>. The polymorphic phenomenon (<b>1</b> and <b>2</b>), incomplete spin-transition phenomenon (<b>4</b> and <b>5</b>), and single crystal-to-single crystal transformation (from <b>5</b> to <b>6</b>) also reveal great potential in the construction of these novel functional materials with L