High-Performance Power Allocation Strategies for Secure Spatial Modulation

Optimal power allocation (PA) strategies can make a significant rate improvement in secure spatial modulation (SM). Due to the lack of secrecy rate (SR) closed-form expression in secure SM networks, it is hard to optimize the PA factor. In this paper, two PA strategies are proposed: gradient descent (GD), and maximum product of signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and artificial-noise-to-signal-plus-noise ratio (ANSNR) (Max-P-SINR-ANSNR). The former is an iterative method and the latter is a closed-form solution. Compared to the former, the latter is of low-complexity. Simulation results show that the proposed two PA methods can approximately achieve the same SR performance as the exhaustive search method and perform far better than three fixed PA ones. With extremely low complexity, the SR performance of the proposed Max-P-SINR-ANSNR performs slightly better and worse than that of the proposed GD in the low to medium, and high signal-to-noise ratio regions, respectively

I like your travel vlog: delineating viewers' consumption and production

Vlogs - visual variants of online blogs - are popular in recording and sharing travel experiences. There has been, however, limited researcher attention to the use and analysis of vlogs in the tourism context. Initially, 25 representative travel vlogs accompanied with viewers' bullet comments were selected systematically, and then we followed a micro-cases sampling approach to identify 132 highly engaging sessions, where audience comments are significantly intensive. We then employed content analysis to construct a model of viewers' consumption and production from both the video content data and the bullet comment data in these sessions. The model explains the essential elements of attractive travel vlogs. Theoretically, we developed fresh ideas about the nature of interaction in online video-based experience-sharing communities. The methodological approach to vlogs we employed can be a guiding model when using videos as data. Pragmatic implications were also discussed

Travel vlogging practice and its impacts on tourist experiences

Travel vlogging is gaining popularity and studying the practice of travel vlogging can provide insights into tourist behaviour, communication, and management. The notion of practice was adopted as the theoretical base and the analytical framework. A qualitative approach was employed, including interviews with 12 strategically sampled vlogger tourists and analysis of their vlog productions. The findings suggested that travel vlogging is a practice bundle constructed by four sequential practices; designing, filming, editing, and posting. Through a collaborative relationship, the four practices achieve the shared meanings of self-concept expressions, a sense of documentation and ritual, and pleasures in vlogging. Moreover, travel vlogging affects tourist experiences; it creates a self-other divide, mediates the experiences of the 'self', and moderates the experiences of the 'others'. Such impacts vary across the dimensions of travel stages, materiality, and engagement. Theoretically, the study offers fresh insights into the practice of vlogging and the creation of travel vlog content; pragmatically, understandings and implications for quality experiences of vlogger tourists are addressed

Deconstructing tourist scams: a social-practice-theory perspective

Tourist scams have been somewhat overlooked due to definitional ambiguities. By focusing initially on conceptual distinctions among a family of related terms, and by introducing the theory of social practice, we considered tourist scams as a practice bundle. Through content analysis of online tourist-generated information and 40 key-informant interviews, we found that this bundle is composed of two interactive practices typically enacted by two parties. Furthermore, we applied the zooming-in technique to deconstruct tourist scams into five crucial elements: materials, meanings and competences in practising scams, meanings and competences in being scammed. By zooming-out, we also discussed the inter-practice relationships surrounding tourist scams. Our work contributes theoretically to tourist safety and security by clarifying conceptual confusions, as well as to tourist behaviour research by depicting the behavioural pattern of tourist scams, and to future studies by revealing opportunities to offer protection to tourists against scammers

Differentiating tourist scam cases: towards a taxonomy of deceptive schemes

Contradictions and complexities in the study of tourist scams can potentially be overcome by developing a more organised taxonomic account of these essentially deceptive activities. Using a key-informant survey of 78 strategically selected stakeholders and a multidimensional scaling analysis, we discovered four dominant features to classify tourist scams, including deception types, interpersonal trust, victim culpability and prevalence. A 16-category taxonomy was thereby proposed, articulating typical examples and victimisation features. The taxonomy assists in interpreting variable outcomes from diverse studies and places, and offers fresh insights for those seeking to manage and avoid such deceptions

Reaching audiences through travel vlogs: the perspective of involvement

Travel vlogs are popular, but how audiences get involved while watching remains unclear. This study explored audience involvement along with expressions of travel intention. A systematic sampling procedure was developed, filtering 132 ‘highly involving sessions’ from 25 videos in Bilibili, a Chinese video-sharing platform. Qualitative analyses were applied, and the findings were threefold. Firstly, a five-category video content typology was highlighted, including frame aesthetics, video editing, fandom, humour, and tourist experiences. Secondly, bullet comments were deconstructed into six dimensions through examining concepts of ‘audience involvement’. Lastly, to address possible patterns of travel intention linked to the video content types, three propositions were made. This work serves as an exploration of audience involvement in the travel vlog phenomenon, an elaboration of travel intention expression in this context, and a method of assessing tourist-generated videos through bullet comments. Practical implications were discussed