セカイ ブンガク ノ ナカ ノ イタロ ･ カルヴィーノ : チュウゴク､ ニホン ニオケル ジュヨウ カラ

PDF/A formatsAccess: via World Wide Web"Università degli Studi di Treno in cotutela con Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, dottorato di ricerca in studi umanistici"東京外国語大学大学院総合国際学研究科博士 (学術) 論文 (2017年9月)Author's thesis (Ph.D)--Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, 2017博甲第235号Other title from Japanese summaryBibliography: p. 195-212Summary in English and Japanese東京外国語大学 (Tokyo University of Foreign Studies)博士 (学術

Probe into the Origin of Personal Pronoun “朕” (zhèn)

在汉语中，“朕”是一个很特殊的人称代 词，从秦始皇开始，在中国漫长的两千年帝国 史中，其一直作为皇帝的特权代词而存在着。 本研究旨在探讨两千年前始皇帝确定“朕”自 称的原因以及“朕”字的特别含义和作用。通 过对甲骨文中“朕”字的使用情况进行分析， 结合近年来上古汉语重构的研究成果，研究发 现“朕”字所代表的并不是一种第一人称代 词的形式，而是两种：一种为第一人称单数领 格，另一种为第一人单数的对比性强调形式。 在此基础上，本文尝试提出了两个后缀*/ɯ/ 和*/m/。 In Chinese, “朕” (zhèn) is a very special personal pronoun. Since the First Emperor of Qín, in the long history of two thousand years in China, it has always existed as the privilege pronoun of the emperor. So, why two thousand years ago, before the emperor to set the word, but not other words? The word “朕” has any special meaning and role? This article attempts to analyze the use of the Chinese characters in Oracle and concludes the results of the reconstructions of Old Chinese in recent years. This article attempts to analyze the use of the Chinese characters in Oracle and concludes the results of the reconstructions of Old Chinese in recent years. It is preliminarily thought that the character “朕” represented by the Chinese characters are not just the forms of first-person pronouns, but two: one for the first person pronouns are qualified, the other for the first-person pronouns contrastive form. At the same time, we try to propose two suffixes */ɯ/ and */m/

The Relations of “shi tun” (示屯) during the Reign of Wu-Ding of Shang (≈1250 B.C. - 1222 B.C.)

《春秋》有云：“国之大事，在祀与 戎。”甲骨文是商朝（约前1600—前1046） 的骨卜记录，涵盖了商人社会、生活的各方 面。“屯”是商朝用于龟壳和兽骨的计量单位， 一片甲骨为“一丿”，一对甲骨为“一屯”。“示 屯”则是指“进献已整治过的甲骨”，是卜 骨的重要来源之一。通过整理和分析甲骨上 契刻的接收记录，我们可以从一个新的角度 去了解这个三千多年前的王朝。除此之外， 通过将这些信息与其他占卜内容进行比较， 还可以帮助我们更进一步了解进献人与签收 人的社会地位。 In Annals of Spring and Autumn it is stated that: “State affairs are worship and military affairs.” The inscriptions on turtle shells and bones are records of the escapulimancia during the Shang dynasty (≈1600 BC - 1046 BC), and that covers all aspects of life and society. The “tun” (屯) is a unit of measurement used for the turtle shells and bones of the oracle during the Shang dynasty. A shell or a bone is “a pian (丿)”, and a pair is “a tun (屯)”. “Shi tun” (示屯) refers to the “offering of shells and prepared bones”, is one of the important sources of oracular bones. The organization and analysis of reception records in those bones allow us to get to know this dynasty of more than 3,000 years ago from a new perspective. In addition, we can also understand the social status of taxpayers and signatories, through comparisons with the content of other oracular bones

A Good Student is Cooperative and Reliable: CNN-Transformer Collaborative Learning for Semantic Segmentation

In this paper, we strive to answer the question "how to collaboratively learn convolutional neural network (CNN)-based and vision transformer (ViT)-based models by selecting and exchanging the reliable knowledge between them for semantic segmentation?" Accordingly, we propose an online knowledge distillation (KD) framework that can simultaneously learn compact yet effective CNN-based and ViT-based models with two key technical breakthroughs to take full advantage of CNNs and ViT while compensating their limitations. Firstly, we propose heterogeneous feature distillation (HFD) to improve students' consistency in low-layer feature space by mimicking heterogeneous features between CNNs and ViT. Secondly, to facilitate the two students to learn reliable knowledge from each other, we propose bidirectional selective distillation (BSD) that can dynamically transfer selective knowledge. This is achieved by 1) region-wise BSD determining the directions of knowledge transferred between the corresponding regions in the feature space and 2) pixel-wise BSD discerning which of the prediction knowledge to be transferred in the logit space. Extensive experiments on three benchmark datasets demonstrate that our proposed framework outperforms the state-of-the-art online distillation methods by a large margin, and shows its efficacy in learning collaboratively between ViT-based and CNN-based models.Comment: ICCV 202

Case report: Aggressive progression of acute heart failure due to juvenile tuberculosis-associated Takayasu arteritis with aortic stenosis and thrombosis

BackgroundTakayasu arteritis (TA) is a chronic granulomatous vasculitis with unknown pathophysiology. TA with severe aortic obstruction has a poor prognosis. However, the efficacy of biologics and appropriate timing of surgical intervention remain controversial. We report a case of tuberculosis (TB)-associated TA with aggressive acute heart failure (AHF), pulmonary hypertension (PH), thrombosis, and seizure, who failed to survive after surgery.Case presentationA 10-year-old boy who developed a cough with chest tightness, shortness of breath, hemoptysis with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, PH, and increased C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate was hospitalized at the pediatric intensive care unit of our hospital. He had strongly positive purified protein derivative skin test and interferon-gamma release assay result. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) showed occlusion of proximal left subclavian artery and stenosis of descending aorta and upper abdominal aorta. His condition did not improve after administration of milrinone, diuretics, antihypertensive agents, and intravenous methylprednisolone pulse followed by oral prednisone. Intravenous tocilizumab was administered for five doses, followed by two doses of infliximab, but his HF worsened, and CTA on day 77 showed complete occlusion of the descending aorta with large thrombus. He had a seizure on day 99 with deterioration of renal function. Balloon angioplasty and catheter-directed thrombolysis were performed on day 127. Unfortunately, the child's heart function continued to deteriorate and died on day 133.ConclusionTB infection may be related to juvenile TA. The biologics, thrombolysis, and surgical intervention failed to achieve the anticipated effect in our case with aggressive AHF due to severe aortic stenosis and thrombosis. More studies are needed to determine the role of biologics and surgery in such dire cases

Research on deep hole segmented charge cut blasting of rock roadway based on numerical simulation

With the increase of the depth of the blast hole, the rock clamping effect at the bottom of the blast hole is enhanced, resulting in low rock breaking efficiency and blast hole utilization. The past continuous charging method can not solve the above problems. On this basis, this paper studies the rock roadway deep hole segmented charging cut blasting technology to improve the cut blasting efficiency. Using the smooth particle hydrodynamics-finite element method (SPH-FEM), a single-hole cut blasting model with different segmented charge structures was established, and the blasting speed of rock particles in the rock, the number of rock blasting and the characteristics of blasting cavity were analyzed in the blasting process under different models. The results show that different charge structures affect the damage range of the rock near the blast hole, and the damage area of the traditional continuous charge structure in the direction of the blast hole is larger than that of the segmented charge structure. In addition, the continuous charge structure makes the energy distribution of the explosive uneven because the explosive is concentrated at the bottom of the blast hole, resulting in poor blasting effect. The segmented charge structure can increase the number of rock fragments and optimize the blasting cavity, and the rock particles accelerate twice in the process of flying. The large or small proportion of the first segment charge obviously causes the unreasonable use of explosive energy and the poor effect of blasting cavity. Under the conditions of blast hole length, rock parameters and explosive performance set in the simulation, when the first stage charge ratio is 0.4, deep-hole rock tunnel excavation and blasting can make full use of explosive energy to achieve better cut blasting effect. The optimal subsection ratio obtained by numerical simulation was applied to the blasting construction of roadway excavation, and the delay initiation of two explosives in the cut hole was realized by using digital electronic detonator. The field test results show that the segmented charging can create good blasting effect and improve the utilization rate of blast holes in deep hole cut blasting

Muon Flux Measurement at China Jinping Underground Laboratory

China Jinping Underground Laboratory (CJPL) is ideal for studying solar-, geo-, and supernova neutrinos. A precise measurement of the cosmic-ray background would play an essential role in proceeding with the R\&D research for these MeV-scale neutrino experiments. Using a 1-ton prototype detector for the Jinping Neutrino Experiment (JNE), we detected 264 high-energy muon events from a 645.2-day dataset at the first phase of CJPL (CJPL-I), reconstructed their directions, and measured the cosmic-ray muon flux to be $(3.53\pm0.22_{\text{stat.}}\pm0.07_{\text{sys.}})\times10^{-10}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$. The observed angular distributions indicate the leakage of cosmic-ray muon background and agree with the simulation accounting for Jinping mountain's terrain. A survey of muon fluxes at different laboratory locations situated under mountains and below mine shaft indicated that the former is generally a factor of $(4\pm2)$ larger than the latter with the same vertical overburden. This study provides a convenient back-of-the-envelope estimation for muon flux of an underground experiment

Performance of the 1-ton Prototype Neutrino Detector at CJPL-I

China Jinping Underground Laboratory (CJPL) provides an ideal site for solar, geo-, and supernova neutrino studies. With a prototype neutrino detector running since 2017, containing 1-ton liquid scintillator (LS), we tested its experimental hardware, performed the physics calibration, and measured its radioactive backgrounds, as an early stage of the Jinping Neutrino Experiment (JNE). We investigated the radon background and implemented the nitrogen sealing technology to control it. This paper presents the details of these studies and will serve as a key reference for the construction and optimization of the future large detector at JNE