Analysis of Abnormal Gait in the Diagnosis of Early Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Review

Early detection of neurodegenerative diseases can increase the possibility to access to treatment, and assist in advance care plan-ning. At present, most of the gait researches focus on the design and application of recognition tools for disease diagnosis, such as recording the walking and movement status through wearable sensor devices, while, relatively less non-contact machine vision is used to measure gait. The non-contact gait detection method is characterized by the advantages, including the absence of human cooperation, non-invasive nature and so on, which is also suitable for long-distance perception. In this paper, we focused on some non-contact analysis methods for abnormal gait, and it is hoped that it can provide guidance for the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases

Selenium intake help prevent age-related cataract formation: Evidence from NHANES 2001–2008

IntroductionCataract is one of the leading causes of blindness and visual impairment, about 16 million people around the world. Trace elements play an important role in a variety of the processes in human body. This study aimed to investigate the association between daily dietary intake of trace elements and age-related cataract incidence based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001–2008.MethodsIron, zinc, copper, and selenium were conducted in this study among subjects aged 50 years and older for African Americans and 55 and older in US adults. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used in different models to investigate the association of trace elements intake and cataract.ResultsAfter screening, 7,525 subjects were ultimately included in this study. A significant negative association was found between selenium intake and cataract incidence in adjusted models using multivariate logistic regression analysis (model 1: OR = 0.998, 95% CI = 0.997–1.000; model 2: OR = 0.997, 95% CI = 0.995–1.000; and model 3: OR = 0.998, 95% CI = 0.995–1.000). After dividing selenium intake into quintiles, significant negative associations between selenium intake and cataract were observed in the first quintile of model 3, the fourth and fifth quintiles of all models. In subgroup analyses adjusted for age and sex, a significant negative association was observed only in women aged 65–74 years.DiscussionOur study points out that maintaining daily dietary selenium intake at higher levels is helpful for cataract prevention, and that increasing daily dietary selenium intake in American women aged 65–74 years may contribute to the prevention of age-related cataract. The intakes of iron, zinc, copper may not be associated with age-related cataract

Relationship between high dose intake of vitamin B12 and glaucoma: Evidence from NHANES 2005–2008 among United States adults

ObjectiveGlaucoma has currently become the second leading cause of blindness in the world. Serum vitamin B12 level has been found to be involved in the development and progression of glaucoma. We performed the present study to confirm this association.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 594 participants aged 40 years and older in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2008. Retinal imaging was performed using the Ophthalmic Digital Imaging system (Retinography) to assess the retina for the presence of features of glaucomatous lesions. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between dietary vitamin intake and glaucoma.ResultsAfter screening, 594 subjects were finally included. Among all vitamin intakes, we observed significant differences between the two groups for vitamin B12 intake (5.93 vs. 4.77 mg, p = 0.033). According to the logistic regression results, the intake of vitamin B12 was significantly positively associated with glaucoma (model 1: OR = 1.078, 95% CI = 1.019–1.141; model 2: OR = 1.092, 95% CI = 1.031–1.158; model 3: OR = 1.092, 95% CI = 1.029–1.158). After performing a quantile regression, we observed a significant positive association between vitamin B12 intake and incident glaucoma in the fourth quartile (model 1: OR = 1.133, 95% CI = 1.060–1.210; model 2: OR = 1.141, 95% CI = 1.072–1.215; model 3: OR = 1.146, 95% CI = 1.071–1.226).ConclusionsTherefore, the above results, high-dose intake of vitamin B12 may promote the development of glaucoma

Time-restricted feeding improves metabolic and endocrine profiles in mice with polycystic ovary syndrome

ObjectivesPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinopathy disorders in premenopausal women, which is characterized by hyperandrogenemia, anovulation, and polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM). Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is a new intermittent restriction dietary pattern, which has been shown to have positive benefits on obesity and glycolipid metabolism disorders. We aimed to explore the effect of the feeding regimen (ad libitum vs. TRF) on the glycolipid metabolism and reproductive endocrine disorders in a PCOS mouse model.MethodsPCOS mouse model was induced by continuous subcutaneous administration of dihydrotestosterone for 21 days. Mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks on an ad libitum or time- restricted diet (from 10:30 p.m. to 6:30 a.m.).ResultsCompared to control mice, PCOS mice that received TRF treatment had significantly lower body weight, reduced adiposity, lower area under the curve (AUC) of glucose response in the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and lower AUC in the insulin tolerance test (ITT). TRF also ameliorated lipid metabolism, as shown by a reduction in plasma lipid profiles (triglycerides and cholesterol) and the triglyceride content in the liver of PCOS mice. In terms of reproduction, the plasma androgen level, plasma estrogen (E2) level, and luteinizing hormone (LH)/follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio in PCOS mice were significantly reduced after 8 weeks of TRF treatment. In addition, ovarian histology showed that TRF inhibits cyst formation and promotes corpus luteum formation.ConclusionIn conclusion, TRF improved metabolic and endocrine profiles in mice with PCOS

Finite-sample-based Spectral Radius Estimation and Stabilizability Test for Networked Control Systems

In the analysis and control of discrete-time linear systems, the spectral radius of the system state matrix plays an essential role. Usually, it is assumed that the system matrices are known, from which the spectral radius can be directly computed. Instead, we consider the setting where the linear system is affected by process noises, and one has only finitely many samples of system input and state measurements. We provide two methods for estimating the spectral radius and derive error bounds that hold with high probability. Moreover, we show how to use the derived results to test stabilizability for networked control systems (NCSs) with lossy channels when only finitely many samples of system input, state, and the packet drop sequence are available

Suboptimal Distributed LQR Design for Physically Coupled Systems

In this paper, we propose a distributed LQR control method, applicable to physically coupled systems, with a general-type cost function. Thanks to a novel suboptimal but distributed cost-to-go matrix update that enforces block-diagonality, the LQR gain matrix is structured, making the overall control scheme distributed. The proposed control scheme is totally distributed, scalable, and has self-tuning capabilities. The theoretical properties, including the stability of the so-obtained sub-optimal control scheme, are investigated. A case study is finally shown to illustrate the potentialities of the current scheme

Laboratory Studies on Remote Method to Assess the Damage in Underground Mines after an Emergency

Obtaining fast and accurate access to disaster information for underground mines is key in order to enact safe and effective emergency rescue measures. This study proposes a method to remotely evaluate the damage status in underground mines after a mine accident by using a tracer gas. This discussion includes the laws of migration, mixing and separating the tracer gas in the airway, and the superposition of the tracer gas concentration curve conforms to the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), which can be decomposed by the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. Based on the EM algorithm, the tracer gas method can assess the location and severity of the airway damage. The results show that the error between the calculated damage location and the actual damage location is very small. In addition, the area ratio of the concentration curve after the decomposition by the EM algorithms is highly correlated with the severity of the airway damage. This study demonstrates that the tracer gases can be used to remotely evaluate the location and severity of a mine accident, which is critical in order to perform successful rescue and emergency management