Flood Risk Assessment in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area

Flood processes are one of the most challenging to risk assessment and management. In many situations, peak flows are generated kilometers away from the places where inundation is observed. Scale in flood risk assessments is a fundamental factor when estimating hazard, exposure, and vulnerability. Municipal, civil parish, and building-level information are used to construct flood risk indexes and profiles. It is observed that, depending on the scale at which it is represented, the same root information provides distinct insights into flood risk expression in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area. When compared with the Flood Directive critical areas, the results show they are mostly consistent with the results at the different scales, identifying the same hotspots of flood risk (in the Loures, V. F. Xira, and Setúbal municipalities) as those selected during the Directive’s implementation. Flood loss reduction implies the involvement of distinct risk practitioners and decision-makers, acting at distinct scales and sectors related to risk governance. Interconnections between flood risk components and between flood processes and other potential cascading processes are still insufficiently known and require the priority of society.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

On the Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Urban Areas Using Census Data: The Lisbon Metropolitan Area as a Pilot Study Area

This paper presents a procedure for the application of an index-based vulnerability assessment method to the seismic risk assessment of 292,978 reinforced concrete and 152,916 unreinforced masonry buildings in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA). A singular innovation of this proposed methodology is that it is tailored to be fed with data from the 2011 national population and housing Census. The vulnerability results are then combined with the seismic hazard component into a GIS tool used to map seismic risk across the LMA. The spatial representation of these results highlights the areas of different levels of vulnerability and risk.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Exposure and physical vulnerability indicators to assess seismic risk in urban areas: A step towards a multi-hazard risk analysis

Understanding the impacts of multi-hazard risk in urban areas is a fundamental step towards the adoption of resilience-enhancement and disaster prevention strategies, underpinning institutional adjustments aimed at improving the capacity of the authorities and stakeholders to manage risk. Within this framework, the work presented in this paper seeks to identify and analyze a set of exposure and buildings’ physical vulnerability indicators to be used as input to a parametric-based seismic vulnerability assessment methodology for the unreinforced masonry (URM) building stock of Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA). For this approach, data from the 2011 Census survey are used to define the parameters describing the building’s physical vulnerability and characterise the level of exposure in the study area. These results are then combined with the hazard component into a GIS tool. Seismic vulnerability results are presented for the URM building stock in LMA, and a more detailed analysis is conducted for the building stock of Setúbal municipality. Finally, risk outputs are presented and briefly discussed. Ultimately, understanding the impact and extent of multi-hazards can help prioritize resilience-increasing actions and disaster prevention measures to mitigate and manage natural hazards

On the seismic vulnerability assessment of urban areas using census data: The Lisbon metropolitan area as a pilot study area

This paper presents a procedure for the application of an index-based vulnerability assessment method to the seismic risk assessment of 292,978 reinforced concrete and 152,916 unreinforced masonry buildings in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA). A singular innovation of this proposed methodology is that it is tailored to be fed with data from the 2011 national population and housing Census. The vulnerability results are then combined with the seismic hazard component into a GIS tool used to map seismic risk across the LMA. The spatial representation of these results highlights the areas of different levels of vulnerability and risk

Αποτύπωση βλαβών, αποτίμηση σεισμικής συμπεριφοράς και επεμβάσεις στο διατηρητέο κτήριο της Βασ. Γεωργίου 27, Θεσσαλονίκης

41 σ.Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο--Μεταπτυχιακή Εργασία. Διεπιστημονικό-Διατμηματικό Πρόγραμμα Μεταπτυχιακών Σπουδών (Δ.Π.Μ.Σ.) “Δομοστατικός Σχεδιασμός και Ανάλυση των Κατασκευών”Το αντικείμενο της υπόψη διπλωματικής εργασίας αφορά την αποτίμηση της σεισμικής συμπεριφοράς του διατηρητέου κτηρίου από φέρουσα τοιχοποιία στην οδό Βασιλέως Γεωργίου 27 και Μπιζανίου γωνία στην πόλη της Θεσσαλονίκης. Ο φέρων οργανισμός του κτηρίου αποτελείται από φέρουσα λιθοδομή στό υπόγειο και οπτοπλινθοδομή στο ισόγειο και τον όροφο. Με εξαίρεση τον βοηθητικό – υγρό χώρο (στο Β/Α τμήμα του κτιρίου) που είναι δομημένος από πλινθόκτιστες καμάρες μεταξύ μεταλλικών δοκών, τα υπόλοιπα δάπεδα καθώς και η στέγη είναι ξύλινα. Η προσομοίωση του φορέα πραγματοποιήθηκε με τη βοήθεια του προγράμματος στατικής και δυναμικής ανάλυσης SAP 2000 (v.14). Η διακριτοποιήση του φέροντα οργανισμού παραγματοποιείται με κατάλληλα επιλεγμένα πεπερασμένα γραμμικά στοιχεία (frame elements) για τις δοκούς πατωμάτων και επιφανειακά στοιχεία κελύφους (shell elements) για τη φέρουσα τοιχοποιία. Στην δυναμική φασματική ανάλυση χρησιμοποιήθηκε το ελαστικό φάσμα απόκρισης σεισμικών επιταχύνσεων σχεδιασμού του Ευρωκώδικα 8 (EC8) για τις δυο κύριες διευθύνσεις του κτηρίου. Στο ελαστικό αυτό προσομοίωμα έγινε χρήση μηχανικών χαρακτηριστικών της τοιχοποιίας που υπολογίστηκαν από δείγματα λίθου, οπτοπλίνθου και κονιάματος μετά από εργαστηριακές δοκιμές. Τα αποτελέσματα της ανάλυσης επιβεβαιώνουν κυρίως την ανεπάρκεια σε κάμψη εκτός επιπέδου. Τέλος, προτείνονται κατάλληλες επεμβάσεις και εξετάζεται η αποτελεσματικότητά τους, όπως αυτή της ενίσχυσης της διαφραγματικής λειτουργίας στη στάθμη της στέγης, διατηρώντας παράλληλα την αισθητική και αρχιτεκτονική εικόνα του κτιρίου.The current thesis involves the assessment of the seismic behaviour of a two storey unreinforced masonry listed building in Vasileos Georgiou and Mpizaniou Street in Thessaloniki. The vertical load bearing system of the building comprises by rubble stone masonry at the basement and brickwork masonry at the ground and upper – first floor level. The horizontal load bearing system of floors and roof structure are made by timber elements. The only exception is at the N-E part of the building where the floor is made by arched brickwork between steel beam members at all floor or ceiling levels. The building was modelled by using shell and frame finite elements with the use of SAP2000. The seismic analysis of the building was based on the Eurocode 8 elastic spectrum using a model with mechanical properties for walls based on experimental data of samples (stone and brick) tested in the laboratory. The results of the analysis revealed the mechanism of partial failure of the top floor walls mainly due to out of plane bending moment. Strengthening and intervention techniques such as the enhancement of diaphragm action at roof level is presented and implemented on the model while maintaining the architectural and aesthetical appearance of the historic building.Μαρία Ν. Ξόφ

On the Multi-hazard Risk Assessment of Urban Areas: Identification and Analysis of Exposure and Physical Vulnerability Indicators

The development of integrated decision-support tools, able to assess multiple hazards at the regional and local scales, is a fundamental step to enhance the preparedness of urban areas to mitigate present and future risks arising from climate change. Understanding multi-hazard risk can help prioritize resilience-increasing actions and disaster prevention measures and form the basis for exploring institutional adjustments that improve stakeholders’ capacities to manage risk. Within this framework, the present research work aims to identify and analyze a set of exposure and buildings’ vulnerability indicators to be used as input to a multi-hazard risk assessment methodology. Exposure is to be measured using a dimensionless score resulting from the quantitative identification of the elements at risk. Regarding the physical vulnerability of buildings, it is to be evaluated on a hazard-by-hazard basis using a large-scale parametric-based vulnerability assessment approach. Finally, the obtained exposure and physical vulnerability indicators are to be put together in order to create different data layers, which are then used to identify hotspot risk areas. The Metropolitan Area of Lisbon, Portugal, is used as a pilot study area to discuss the applicability and potential of the proposed indicators.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

On the multi-hazard risk assessment of urban areas: identification and analysis of exposure and physical vulnerability indicators

The development of integrated decision-support tools, able to assess multiple hazards at the regional and local scales, is a fundamental step to enhance the preparedness of urban areas to mitigate present and future risks arising from climate change. Understanding multi-hazard risk can help prioritize resilience-increasing actions and disaster prevention measures and form the basis for exploring institutional adjustments that improve stakeholders’ capacities to manage risk. Within this framework, the present research work aims to identify and analyze a set of exposure and buildings’ vulnerability indicators to be used as input to a multi-hazard risk assessment methodology. Exposure is to be measured using a dimensionless score resulting from the quantitative identification of the elements at risk. Regarding the physical vulnerability of buildings, it is to be evaluated on a hazard-by-hazard basis using a large-scale parametric-based vulnerability assessment approach. Finally, the obtained exposure and physical vulnerability indicators are to be put together in order to create different data layers, which are then used to identify hotspot risk areas. The Metropolitan Area of Lisbon, Portugal, is used as a pilot study area to discuss the applicability and potential of the proposed indicators.The project “MIT-RSC - Multi-risk Interactions Towards Resilient and Sustainable Cities” (MITEXPL/CS/0018/2019) leading to this work is co-financed by the ERDF- European Regional Development Fund through the Operational Program for Competitiveness and Internationalization - COMPETE 2020, the North Portugal Regional Operational Program - NORTE 2020 and by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology - GCT under the MIT Portugal Program at the 2019 PT call for Exploratory Proposals in “Sustainable Cities”. Pedro Pinto Santos was financed through FCT I.P., under the program of ‘Stimulus of Scientific Employment – Individual Support’ within the contract CEECIND/00268/2017

Multi-scale characterization of flood risk components: A case study at the municipal level

Floods are complex processes that combine local and global factors, causing recurrent and significant human and material losses worldwide. The presented research consists of a multi-scale flood risk assessment process based on data sources collected at distinct scales, expressing hazard, exposure and physical vulnerability of buildings. Detailed Census-derived parameters are essential in representing exposure and vulnerability, while flood hazard is quantified from geomorphologically validated susceptibility maps combined with historical data that characterize events’ magnitude and frequency. The results allow a cross-scale analysis of risk, from the building to the municipality level, by identifying exposed populations, buildings, and physical vulnerability. The Lisbon Metropolitan Area is a highly contrasting territory regarding flood risk: some areas are susceptible to slow-onset floods in extensive floodplains but with low exposure, while densely urbanized areas are susceptible to flash floods in small watersheds. While the building level assessment is valuable for local civil protection and urban planning, municipal-level indices provide a comparable inter-municipal perspective of flood risk.FCT -Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia(CEECIND/00268/2017