Polyp-DAM: Polyp segmentation via depth anything model

Recently, large models (Segment Anything model) came on the scene to provide a new baseline for polyp segmentation tasks. This demonstrates that large models with a sufficient image level prior can achieve promising performance on a given task. In this paper, we unfold a new perspective on polyp segmentation modeling by leveraging the Depth Anything Model (DAM) to provide depth prior to polyp segmentation models. Specifically, the input polyp image is first passed through a frozen DAM to generate a depth map. The depth map and the input polyp images are then concatenated and fed into a convolutional neural network with multiscale to generate segmented images. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, and in addition, we observe that our method still performs well on images of polyps with noise. The URL of our code is \url{https://github.com/zzr-idam/Polyp-DAM}

The dynamic role of ecological innovation and sustainable finance in improving green productivity: evidence from China

This study investigates the influence of ecological innovations and sustainable financing in promoting the Chinese economy’s green total factor productivity (GTFP) from Q1-2004 to Q4-2018. Initially, this study measures GTFP using Data Envelopment Analysis and applies Bootstrap Auto-regressive Distributed Lagged (BARDL) model for dynamic effects. The preliminary results confirm the existence of unit root and a long-term cointegrating relationship among the model variables. The long-run results demonstrate that ecological innovations and sustainable financing have promoted GTFP in China. Moreover, government intervention is imperative to support green productivity growth at the macro level. However, there is a need to control the adverse effect of unemployment in impeding GTFP. Notably, the long-run results reflect the more substantial impact of the stated variables compared to the short run with the convergence towards long-run equilibrium. The policymakers are suggested to prioritise the development of the financial market and technological innovations

Individual variation in patterns of task focused, and detailed, thought are uniquely associated within the architecture of the medial temporal lobe

Understanding the neural processes that support different patterns of ongoing thought is an important goal of contemporary cognitive neuroscience. Early accounts assumed the default mode network (DMN) was especially important for conscious attention to task-irrelevant/personally relevant material. However, simple task-negative accounts of the DMN are incompatible with more recent evidence that neural patterns within the system can be related to ongoing processing during active task states. To better characterize the contribution of the DMN to ongoing thought, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the relationship between the structural organisation of the brain, as indexed by cortical thickness, and patterns of experience, identified using experience sampling in the cognitive laboratory. In a sample of 181 healthy individuals (mean age 20 years, 117 females) we identified an association between cortical thickness in the anterior parahippocampus and patterns of task focused thought, as well as an adjacent posterior region in which cortical thickness was associated with experiences with higher levels of subjective detail. Both regions fell within regions of medial temporal lobe associated with the DMN, yet varied in their functional connectivity: the time series of signals in the ‘on-task’ region were more correlated with systems important for external task-relevant processing (as determined by meta-analysis) including the dorsal and ventral attention, and fronto-parietal networks. In contrast, connectivity within the region linked to subjective ‘detail’ was more correlated with the medial core of the DMN (posterior cingulate and the medial pre-frontal cortex) and regions of primary visual cortex. These results provide cross-sectional evidence that confirms a role of the DMN in how detailed experiences are and so provide further evidence that the role of this system in experience is not simply task-irrelevant. Our results also highlight processes within the medial temporal lobe, and their interactions with other regions of cortex as important in determining multiple aspects of how human cognition unfolds

Macroscale brain states support the control of semantic cognition

A crucial aim in neuroscience is to understand how the human brain adapts to varying cognitive demands. This study investigates network reconfiguration during controlled semantic retrieval in differing contexts. We analyze brain responses to two semantic tasks of varying difficulty – global association and feature matching judgments – which are contrasted with non-semantic tasks on the cortical surface and within a whole-brain state space. Demanding semantic association tasks elicit activation in anterior prefrontal and temporal regions, while challenging semantic feature matching and non-semantic tasks predominantly activate posterior regions. Task difficulty also modulates activation along different dimensions of functional organization, suggesting different mechanisms of cognitive control. More demanding semantic association judgments engage cognitive control and default mode networks together, while feature matching and non-semantic tasks are skewed towards cognitive control networks. These findings highlight the brain’s dynamic ability to tailor its networks to support diverse neurocognitive states, enriching our understanding of controlled cognition

An improved contact model considered the effect of boundary lubrication regime on piston ring-liner contact for the two-stroke marine engines from the perspective of the Stribeck curve

The prediction of lubrication performance is required to be the basement of friction optimization for marine engines. This paper simulates the lubrication performance of marine engines based on statistical models which have the advantages of fast, efficient, and macroscopic fault location. Boundary lubrication exists in the piston ring-cylinder liner (PRCL) of two-stroke marine engines because of the harsher load, lower speed, and larger structure. It has been proposed that there would be tribofilm under boundary lubrication which has a significant influence on the contact. To understand the boundary lubrication, it is necessary to study the lubrication regime transition. In this paper, firstly, the coefficient of friction curve combined with the thickness ratio embodies the lubrication regime transition process of two-stroke engines under work conditions. However, the phenomenon that the coefficients under boundary lubrication are smaller than that of other regimes shows the non-objectivity of this curve. Therefore, the Stribeck curve is introduced for objectively evaluating the transition. Then, the calculation of asperities contact pressure under boundary lubrication, which Wen proposed, is introduced into the classic Greenwood-Williamson model, the problem that the original model cannot reflect the boundary lubrication regime in the form of the Stribeck curve is improved. Finally, the results are compared before and after modifying the model to verify this study’s practicability. It provides more precise asperities contact pressure for the tribofilm growth calculation from the perspective of the Stribeck curve under the PRCL statistical model in future work

Context free and context-dependent conceptual representation in the brain

How concepts are coded in the brain is a core issue in cognitive neuroscience. Studies have focused on how individual concepts are processed, but the way in which conceptual representation changes to suit the context is unclear. We parametrically manipulated the association strength between words, presented in pairs one word at a time using a slow event-related fMRI design. We combined representational similarity analysis and computational linguistics to probe the neurocomputational content of these trials. Individual word meaning was maintained in supramarginal gyrus (associated with verbal short-term memory) when items were judged to be unrelated, but not when a linking context was retrieved. Context-dependent meaning was instead represented in left lateral prefrontal gyrus (associated with controlled retrieval), angular gyrus, and ventral temporal lobe (regions associated with integrative aspects of memory). Analyses of informational connectivity, examining the similarity of activation patterns across trials between sites, showed that control network regions had more similar multivariate responses across trials when association strength was weak, reflecting a common controlled retrieval state when the task required more unusual associations. These findings indicate that semantic control and representational sites amplify contextually relevant meanings in trials judged to be related.Open access articleThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]

Distinct and Common Neural Coding of Semantic and Non-semantic Control Demands

The flexible retrieval of knowledge is critical in everyday situations involving problem solving, reasoning and social interaction. Current theories emphasise the importance of a left-lateralised semantic control network (SCN) in supporting flexible semantic behaviour, while a bilateral multiple-demand network (MDN) is implicated in executive functions across domains. No study, however, has examined whether semantic and non-semantic demands are reflected in a common neural code within regions specifically implicated in semantic control. Using functional MRI and univariate parametric modulation analysis as well as multivariate pattern analysis, we found that semantic and non-semantic demands gave rise to both similar and distinct neural responses across control-related networks. Though activity patterns in SCN and MDN could decode the difficulty of both semantic and verbal working memory decisions, there was no shared common neural coding of cognitive demands in SCN regions. In contrast, regions in MDN showed common patterns across manipulations of semantic and working memory control demands, with successful cross-classification of difficulty across tasks. Therefore, SCN and MDN can be dissociated according to the information they maintain about cognitive demands

The structural basis of semantic control: Evidence from individual differences in cortical thickness

Semantic control allows us to shape our conceptual retrieval to suit the circumstances in a flexible way. Tasks requiring semantic control activate a large-scale network including left inferior prefrontal gyrus (IFG) and posterior middle temporal gyrus (pMTG) – this network responds when retrieval is focussed on weak as opposed to dominant associations. However, little is known about the biological basis of individual differences in this cognitive capacity: regions that are commonly activated in task-based fMRI may not relate to variation in controlled retrieval. The current study combined analyses of MRI-based cortical thickness with resting-state fMRI connectivity to identify structural markers of individual differences in semantic control. We found that participants who performed relatively well on tests of controlled semantic retrieval showed increased structural covariance between left pMTG and left anterior middle frontal gyrus (aMFG). This pattern of structural covariance was specific to semantic control and did not predict performance when harder non-semantic judgements were contrasted with easier semantic judgements. The intrinsic functional connectivity of these two regions forming a structural covariance network overlapped with previously-described semantic control regions, including bilateral IFG and intraparietal sulcus, and left posterior temporal cortex. These results add to our knowledge of the neural basis of semantic control in three ways: (i) Semantic control performance was predicted by the structural covariance network of left pMTG, a site that is less consistently activated than left IFG across studies. (ii) Our results provide further evidence that semantic control is at least partially separable from domain-general executive control. (iii) More flexible patterns of memory retrieval occurred when pMTG co-varied with distant regions in aMFG, as opposed to nearby visual, temporal or parietal lobe regions, providing further evidence that left prefrontal and posterior temporal areas form a distributed network for semantic control

Perceptual coupling and decoupling of the default mode network during mind-wandering and reading

While reading, our mind can wander to unrelated autobiographical information, creating a perceptually decoupled state detrimental to narrative comprehension. To understand how this mind-wandering state emerges, we asked whether retrieving autobiographical content necessitates functional disengagement from visual input. In Experiment 1, brain activity was recorded using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in an experimental situation mimicking naturally occurring mind-wandering, allowing us to precisely delineate neural regions involved in memory and reading. Individuals read expository texts and ignored personally relevant autobiographical memories, as well as the opposite situation. Medial regions of the default mode network (DMN) were recruited during memory retrieval. In contrast, left temporal and lateral prefrontal regions of the DMN, as well as ventral visual cortex, were recruited when reading for comprehension. Experiment two used functional connectivity both at rest and during tasks to establish that (i) DMN regions linked to memory are more functionally decoupled from regions of ventral visual cortex than regions in the same network engaged when reading; and (ii) individuals with more self-generated mental contents and poorer comprehension, while reading in the lab, showed more decoupling between visually connected DMN sites important for reading and primary visual cortex. A similar pattern of connectivity was found in Experiment 1, with greater coupling between this DMN site and visual cortex when participants reported greater focus on reading in the face of conflict from autobiographical memory cues; moreover, the retrieval of personally rele- vant memories increased the decoupling of these sites. These converging data suggest we lose track of the narrative when our minds wander because generating autobiographical mental content relies on cortical regions within the DMN which are functionally decoupled from ventral visual regions engaged during reading