TEM images of ZnO suspensions in ultrapure water: (a) ZnO NPs and (b) bulk ZnO.

<p>TEM images of ZnO suspensions in ultrapure water: (a) ZnO NPs and (b) bulk ZnO.</p

Zn accumulations in (A) gills, (B) gut, C) liver, and (D) muscle after 30-day exposure with ZnO NPs (nZnO), bulk ZnO (ZnO), and Zn²⁺.

<p>Values are means ± SD (<i>n</i> = 3). Bars with different letters (a, b, c) show the significant difference (<i>p</i><0.05).</p

Subcellular Zn distribution (%) in (A) MRG, (B) organelles, (C) HSP, (D) cellular debris, and (E) MTLP of the liver after 30-day exposure with ZnO NPs, bulk ZnO, and Zn²⁺.

<p>Values are means ± SD (n = 3). Bars with different letters (a, b, c) show the significant difference (<i>p</i><0.05).</p

Procedure for determining the subcellular partitioning of metal.

<p>The liver was homogenized by different treatments and centrifuged at different speeds, afterwards the following subcellular fractionations were obtained: organelles (i.e. nucleus, mitochondria, and microsomes, P2), HSP (heat-sensitive proteins, P3), MTLP (metallothionein-like protein, S3), MRG (metal-rich granules, P4), and cellular debris (S4).</p

Additional file 1: Figure S1. of ALK-positive gastric inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor in an adult with familial adenomatous polyposis and diffuse fundic polyposis

Immunohistochemistry of protein expression of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgG4 in lymphocytes of gastric IMT. A: IgG, B: IgG4. (Immunohistochemical stain, ×100). (TIFF 1871 kb

Additional file 1: Figure S1. of ALK-positive gastric inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor in an adult with familial adenomatous polyposis and diffuse fundic polyposis

Immunohistochemistry of protein expression of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgG4 in lymphocytes of gastric IMT. A: IgG, B: IgG4. (Immunohistochemical stain, ×100). (TIFF 1871 kb

Orientin Promotes Antioxidant Capacity, Mitochondrial Biogenesis, and Fiber Transformation in Skeletal Muscles through the AMPK Pathway

The sleep-breathing condition obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by repetitive upper airway collapse, which can exacerbate oxidative stress and free radical generation, thereby detrimentally impacting both motor and sensory nerve function and inducing muscular damage. OSA development is promoted by increasing proportions of fast-twitch muscle fibers in the genioglossus. Orientin, a water-soluble dietary C-glycosyl flavonoid with antioxidant properties, increased the expression of slow myosin heavy chain (MyHC) and signaling factors associated with AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation both in vivo and in vitro. Inhibiting AMPK signaling diminished the effects of orientin on slow MyHC, fast MyHC, and Sirt1 expression. Overall, orientin enhanced type I muscle fibers in the genioglossus, enhanced antioxidant capacity, increased mitochondrial biogenesis through AMPK signaling, and ultimately improved fatigue resistance in C2C12 myotubes and mouse genioglossus. These findings suggest that orientin may contribute to upper airway stability in patients with OSA, potentially preventing airway collapse