The relative expression levels of <i>MDM4FL</i> and <i>MDM4S</i> mRNA.

<p>The relative expression levels of <i>MDM4FL</i> and <i>MDM4S</i> mRNA.</p

General information, peripheral white blood cell count, outcome, karyotype, and survival time of 15 AML patients with complex karyotype.

1<p>WBC were detected at the time of diagnosis;</p>2<p>CR: complete remission;</p>3<p>NT: no treatment;</p>4<p>PR: partial remission;</p>5<p>NR: no remission;</p>6<p>Mon: Month.</p><p>General information, peripheral white blood cell count, outcome, karyotype, and survival time of 15 AML patients with complex karyotype.</p

Prometaphase and mitotic of MDM4FL and MDM4S-expressing cells.

<p>A: Chromosome spread of a prometaphase vector control cell. B: Premature sister chromatid separation in an MDM4S prometaphase cell (indicated by arrows). C: Polyploidy in a MDM4S cell. D: Endoreduplication of a MDM4FL cell.</p

Cell cycle and cell proliferation analysis.

<p>A: DNA content detected by flow cytometry in MDM4FL, MDM4S-expressing or control cells. B: The proportion of G0/G1 phase cells at different time points after Nocodazole treatment. C: Cell proliferation assay. The average percentage of proliferating cells was increased in MDM4FL and MDM4S-expressing cells. *<i>P</i><0.05.</p

The overall survival of patients with NK-AML (solid line) and CK-AML (dotted line) analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier curve.

<p>The overall survival of patients with NK-AML (solid line) and CK-AML (dotted line) analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier curve.</p

Boxplot reflecting the central tendency and dispersion tendency of the chromosome numbers of each group.

<p>* singular values, ^oextreme values.</p

Amplification and melting curves of <i>MDM4FL</i>, <i>MDM4S</i> and <i>ABL.</i>

<p>Amplification and melting curves of <i>MDM4FL</i>, <i>MDM4S</i> and <i>ABL.</i></p

16S_rRNA_MRE

Nexus file of 16S rRNA gene sequences from MRE

MBLFP_MRE

Nexus file of MBLFP gene sequences from MRE

Synthetic Polymer Affinity Ligand for <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> (<i>Bt</i>) Cry1Ab/Ac Protein: The Use of Biomimicry Based on the <i>Bt</i> Protein–Insect Receptor Binding Mechanism

We report a novel strategy for creating abiotic Bacillus thuringiensis (<i>Bt</i>) protein affinity ligands by biomimicry of the recognition process that takes place between <i>Bt</i> Cry1Ab/Ac proteins and insect receptor cadherin-like Bt-R₁ proteins. Guided by this strategy, a library of synthetic polymer nanoparticles (NPs) was prepared and screened for binding to three epitopes ²⁸⁰FRGS­AQGI­EGS²⁹⁰, ³⁶⁸RRPF­NIGI­NNQQ³⁷⁹ and ⁴³⁶FRSG­FSNS­SVSIIR⁴⁴⁹ located in loop α8, loop 2 and loop 3 of domain II of <i>Bt</i> Cry1Ab/Ac proteins. A negatively charged and hydrophilic nanoparticle (NP12) was found to have high affinity to one of the epitopes, ³⁶⁸RRPF­NIGIN­NQQ³⁷⁹. This same NP also had specific binding ability to both <i>Bt</i> Cry1Ab and <i>Bt</i> Cry1Ac, proteins that share the same epitope, but very low affinity to <i>Bt</i> Cry2A, <i>Bt</i> Cry1C and <i>Bt</i> Cry1F closely related proteins that lack epitope homology. To locate possible NP-<i>Bt</i> Cry1Ab/Ac interaction sites, NP12 was used as a competitive inhibitor to block the binding of ⁸⁶⁵NITI­HITD­TNNK⁸⁷⁶, a specific recognition site in insect receptor Bt-R₁, to ³⁶⁸RRPF­NIGIN­NQQ³⁷⁹. The inhibition by NP12 reached as high as 84%, indicating that NP12 binds to <i>Bt</i> Cry1Ab/Ac proteins mainly via ³⁶⁸RRPF­NIGIN­NQQ³⁷⁹. This epitope region was then utilized as a “target” or “bait” for the separation and concentration of <i>Bt</i> Cry1Ac protein from the extract of transgenic <i>Bt</i> cotton leaves by NP12. This strategy, based on the antigen-receptor recognition mechanism, can be extended to other biotoxins and pathogen proteins when designing biomimic alternatives to natural protein affinity ligands