14 research outputs found
The relative expression levels of <i>MDM4FL</i> and <i>MDM4S</i> mRNA.
<p>The relative expression levels of <i>MDM4FL</i> and <i>MDM4S</i> mRNA.</p
General information, peripheral white blood cell count, outcome, karyotype, and survival time of 15 AML patients with complex karyotype.
1<p>WBC were detected at the time of diagnosis;</p>2<p>CR: complete remission;</p>3<p>NT: no treatment;</p>4<p>PR: partial remission;</p>5<p>NR: no remission;</p>6<p>Mon: Month.</p><p>General information, peripheral white blood cell count, outcome, karyotype, and survival time of 15 AML patients with complex karyotype.</p
Prometaphase and mitotic of MDM4FL and MDM4S-expressing cells.
<p>A: Chromosome spread of a prometaphase vector control cell. B: Premature sister chromatid separation in an MDM4S prometaphase cell (indicated by arrows). C: Polyploidy in a MDM4S cell. D: Endoreduplication of a MDM4FL cell.</p
Cell cycle and cell proliferation analysis.
<p>A: DNA content detected by flow cytometry in MDM4FL, MDM4S-expressing or control cells. B: The proportion of G0/G1 phase cells at different time points after Nocodazole treatment. C: Cell proliferation assay. The average percentage of proliferating cells was increased in MDM4FL and MDM4S-expressing cells. *<i>P</i><0.05.</p
The overall survival of patients with NK-AML (solid line) and CK-AML (dotted line) analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier curve.
<p>The overall survival of patients with NK-AML (solid line) and CK-AML (dotted line) analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier curve.</p
Boxplot reflecting the central tendency and dispersion tendency of the chromosome numbers of each group.
<p>* singular values, <sup>o</sup>extreme values.</p
Amplification and melting curves of <i>MDM4FL</i>, <i>MDM4S</i> and <i>ABL.</i>
<p>Amplification and melting curves of <i>MDM4FL</i>, <i>MDM4S</i> and <i>ABL.</i></p
Synthetic Polymer Affinity Ligand for <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> (<i>Bt</i>) Cry1Ab/Ac Protein: The Use of Biomimicry Based on the <i>Bt</i> Protein–Insect Receptor Binding Mechanism
We report a novel strategy for creating
abiotic Bacillus thuringiensis (<i>Bt</i>) protein
affinity ligands by biomimicry of the recognition process that takes
place between <i>Bt</i> Cry1Ab/Ac proteins and insect receptor
cadherin-like Bt-R<sub>1</sub> proteins. Guided by this strategy,
a library of synthetic polymer nanoparticles (NPs) was prepared and
screened for binding to three epitopes <sup>280</sup>FRGSAQGIEGS<sup>290</sup>, <sup>368</sup>RRPFNIGINNQQ<sup>379</sup> and <sup>436</sup>FRSGFSNSSVSIIR<sup>449</sup> located in loop
α8, loop 2 and loop 3 of domain II of <i>Bt</i> Cry1Ab/Ac
proteins. A negatively charged and hydrophilic nanoparticle (NP12)
was found to have high affinity to one of the epitopes, <sup>368</sup>RRPFNIGINNQQ<sup>379</sup>. This same NP also had specific
binding ability to both <i>Bt</i> Cry1Ab and <i>Bt</i> Cry1Ac, proteins that share the same epitope, but very low affinity
to <i>Bt</i> Cry2A, <i>Bt</i> Cry1C and <i>Bt</i> Cry1F closely related proteins that lack epitope homology.
To locate possible NP-<i>Bt</i> Cry1Ab/Ac interaction sites,
NP12 was used as a competitive inhibitor to block the binding of <sup>865</sup>NITIHITDTNNK<sup>876</sup>, a specific recognition
site in insect receptor Bt-R<sub>1</sub>, to <sup>368</sup>RRPFNIGINNQQ<sup>379</sup>. The inhibition by NP12 reached as high as 84%, indicating
that NP12 binds to <i>Bt</i> Cry1Ab/Ac proteins mainly via <sup>368</sup>RRPFNIGINNQQ<sup>379</sup>. This epitope region
was then utilized as a “target” or “bait”
for the separation and concentration of <i>Bt</i> Cry1Ac
protein from the extract of transgenic <i>Bt</i> cotton
leaves by NP12. This strategy, based on the antigen-receptor recognition
mechanism, can be extended to other biotoxins and pathogen proteins
when designing biomimic alternatives to natural protein affinity ligands