77 research outputs found
A large-scale dataset for end-to-end table recognition in the wild
Table recognition (TR) is one of the research hotspots in pattern
recognition, which aims to extract information from tables in an image. Common
table recognition tasks include table detection (TD), table structure
recognition (TSR) and table content recognition (TCR). TD is to locate tables
in the image, TCR recognizes text content, and TSR recognizes spatial ogical
structure. Currently, the end-to-end TR in real scenarios, accomplishing the
three sub-tasks simultaneously, is yet an unexplored research area. One major
factor that inhibits researchers is the lack of a benchmark dataset. To this
end, we propose a new large-scale dataset named Table Recognition Set
(TabRecSet) with diverse table forms sourcing from multiple scenarios in the
wild, providing complete annotation dedicated to end-to-end TR research. It is
the largest and first bi-lingual dataset for end-to-end TR, with 38.1K tables
in which 20.4K are in English\, and 17.7K are in Chinese. The samples have
diverse forms, such as the border-complete and -incomplete table, regular and
irregular table (rotated, distorted, etc.). The scenarios are multiple in the
wild, varying from scanned to camera-taken images, documents to Excel tables,
educational test papers to financial invoices. The annotations are complete,
consisting of the table body spatial annotation, cell spatial logical
annotation and text content for TD, TSR and TCR, respectively. The spatial
annotation utilizes the polygon instead of the bounding box or quadrilateral
adopted by most datasets. The polygon spatial annotation is more suitable for
irregular tables that are common in wild scenarios. Additionally, we propose a
visualized and interactive annotation tool named TableMe to improve the
efficiency and quality of table annotation
Thermal expansion behavior of co-extruded wood-plastic composites with glass-fiber reinforced shells
Coextruded wood-plastic composites (WPCs) with glass-fiber (GF) filled shells were manufactured, and their thermal expansion behavior was studied. A three-dimensional finite element model (FEM) considering differential properties of both shell and core layers was developed to predict the linear coefficient of thermal expansion (LCTE) of the material. It was shown that the LCTE values varied with composite structure and composition (i.e., core-shell thicknesses and materials). The use of GF-filled shells helped lower overall composite LCTE values. The imbalance of shell and core LCTE, and their moduli led to complex stress fields within a given composite system. The FEM predicted a trend of LCTE change with varying composite structures, which was in good agreement with the experimental data. This study provides for the first time a finite element modeling technique to optimize raw material composition and composite structure for optimizing thermal expansion behavior of co-extruded WPCs
Associations between gut microbiota and sleep: a two-sample, bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
IntroductionPrevious research has reported that the gut microbiota performs an essential role in sleep through the microbiome–gut–brain axis. However, the causal association between gut microbiota and sleep remains undetermined.MethodsWe performed a two-sample, bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using genome-wide association study summary data of gut microbiota and self-reported sleep traits from the MiBioGen consortium and UK Biobank to investigate causal relationships between 119 bacterial genera and seven sleep-associated traits. We calculated effect estimates by using the inverse-variance weighted (as the main method), maximum likelihood, simple model, weighted model, weighted median, and MR-Egger methods, whereas heterogeneity and pleiotropy were detected and measured by the MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier method, Cochran’s Q statistics, and MR-Egger regression.ResultsIn forward MR analysis, inverse-variance weighted estimates concluded that the genetic forecasts of relative abundance of 42 bacterial genera had causal effects on sleep-associated traits. In the reverse MR analysis, sleep-associated traits had a causal effect on 39 bacterial genera, 13 of which overlapped with the bacterial genera in the forward MR analysis.DiscussionIn conclusion, our research indicates that gut microbiota may be involved in the regulation of sleep, and conversely, changes in sleep-associated traits may also alter the abundance of gut microbiota. These findings suggest an underlying reciprocal causal association between gut microbiota and sleep
Images of the radiatively inefficient accretion flow surrounding a Kerr black hole: application in Sgr A*
In fully general relativity, we calculate the images of the radiatively
inefficient accretion flow (RIAF) surrounding a Kerr black hole with arbitrary
spins, inclination angles, and observational wavelengths. For the same initial
conditions, such as the fixed accretion rate, it is found that the intrinsic
size and radiation intensity of the images become larger, but the images become
more compact in the inner region, while the size of the black hole shadow
decreases with the increase of the black hole spin. With the increase of the
inclination angles, the shapes of the black hole shadows change and become
smaller, even disappear at all due to the obscuration by the thick disks. For
median inclination angles, the radial velocity observed at infinity is larger
because of both the rotation and radial motion of the fluid in the disk, which
results in the luminous part of the images is much brighter. For larger
inclination angles, such as the disk is edge on, the emission becomes dimmer at
longer observational wavelengths (such as at 7.0mm and 3.5mm wavelengths), or
brighter at shorter observational wavelengths (such as at 1.3 mm wavelength)
than that of the face on case, except for the high spin and high inclination
images. These complex behaviors are due to the combination of the Lorentz
boosting effect and the radiative absorption in the disk. We hope our results
are helpful to determine the spin parameter of the black hole in low luminosity
sources, such as the Galactic center. A primary analysis by comparison with the
observed sizes of Sgr A* at millimeters strongly suggests that the disk around
the central black hole at Sgr A* is highly inclined or the central black hole
is rotating fast.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures, ApJ accepte
A test on external Compton models for -ray active galactic nuclei
There is clear evidence that the -ray emission from active galactic
nuclei (AGNs) is attributed to the inverse Compton scatterings in the
relativistic blobs near the massive black holes. If the soft seed photons are
from the regions outside the blobs, a linear relation between and Doppler factor
is expected, where and are
monochromatic -ray and synchrotron fluxes, respectively, and is
the energy density of soft seed photons \citep{D97}. We estimate the soft
photon energy density in the relativistic blobs contributed by the broad line
region (BLRs) in these -ray AGNs using their broad-line emission data.
The Doppler factors are derived from their radio core and X-ray
emission data, based on the assumption that the X-ray emission is produced
through synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) scatterings. We find two nearly linear
correlations: , and , which are roughly consistent with
the linear correlation predicted by the theoretical model for external Compton
scatterings. Our results imply that the soft seed photons are dominantly from
the BLRs in these -ray AGNs.Comment: 18 pages, accepted by Ap
Reproducible Cancer Biomarker Discovery in SELDI-TOF MS Using Different Pre-Processing Algorithms
BACKGROUND: There has been much interest in differentiating diseased and normal samples using biomarkers derived from mass spectrometry (MS) studies. However, biomarker identification for specific diseases has been hindered by irreproducibility. Specifically, a peak profile extracted from a dataset for biomarker identification depends on a data pre-processing algorithm. Until now, no widely accepted agreement has been reached. RESULTS: In this paper, we investigated the consistency of biomarker identification using differentially expressed (DE) peaks from peak profiles produced by three widely used average spectrum-dependent pre-processing algorithms based on SELDI-TOF MS data for prostate and breast cancers. Our results revealed two important factors that affect the consistency of DE peak identification using different algorithms. One factor is that some DE peaks selected from one peak profile were not detected as peaks in other profiles, and the second factor is that the statistical power of identifying DE peaks in large peak profiles with many peaks may be low due to the large scale of the tests and small number of samples. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the DE peak detection power in large profiles could be improved by the stratified false discovery rate (FDR) control approach and that the reproducibility of DE peak detection could thereby be increased. CONCLUSIONS: Comparing and evaluating pre-processing algorithms in terms of reproducibility can elucidate the relationship among different algorithms and also help in selecting a pre-processing algorithm. The DE peaks selected from small peak profiles with few peaks for a dataset tend to be reproducibly detected in large peak profiles, which suggests that a suitable pre-processing algorithm should be able to produce peaks sufficient for identifying useful and reproducible biomarkers
Safe and just Earth system boundaries
The stability and resilience of the Earth system and human well-being are inseparably linked 1-3, yet their interdependencies are generally under-recognized; consequently, they are often treated independently 4,5. Here, we use modelling and literature assessment to quantify safe and just Earth system boundaries (ESBs) for climate, the biosphere, water and nutrient cycles, and aerosols at global and subglobal scales. We propose ESBs for maintaining the resilience and stability of the Earth system (safe ESBs) and minimizing exposure to significant harm to humans from Earth system change (a necessary but not sufficient condition for justice) 4. The stricter of the safe or just boundaries sets the integrated safe and just ESB. Our findings show that justice considerations constrain the integrated ESBs more than safety considerations for climate and atmospheric aerosol loading. Seven of eight globally quantified safe and just ESBs and at least two regional safe and just ESBs in over half of global land area are already exceeded. We propose that our assessment provides a quantitative foundation for safeguarding the global commons for all people now and into the future
Safe and just Earth system boundaries
The stability and resilience of the Earth system and human well-being are inseparably linked1-3, yet their interdependencies are generally under-recognized; consequently, they are often treated independently4,5. Here, we use modelling and literature assessment to quantify safe and just Earth system boundaries (ESBs) for climate, the biosphere, water and nutrient cycles, and aerosols at global and subglobal scales. We propose ESBs for maintaining the resilience and stability of the Earth system (safe ESBs) and minimizing exposure to significant harm to humans from Earth system change (a necessary but not sufficient condition for justice)4. The stricter of the safe or just boundaries sets the integrated safe and just ESB. Our findings show that justice considerations constrain the integrated ESBs more than safety considerations for climate and atmospheric aerosol loading. Seven of eight globally quantified safe and just ESBs and at least two regional safe and just ESBs in over half of global land area are already exceeded. We propose that our assessment provides a quantitative foundation for safeguarding the global commons for all people now and into the future
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