Preparation of polyvinyl alcohol/graphene oxide composites and their adsorption properties

The polyvinyl alcohol/graphene oxide (PVA/GO) hydrogel was prepared. It was confirmed that the adsorption performance of polyvinyl alcohol/graphene oxide hydrogel composite material was improved, and it does not cause secondary pollution. According to adsorption experiments, it was found that PVA/ GO adsorbent with a content of 30 % graphene oxide has the best comprehensive performance. The suitable environment of adsorption was under 25°C, 12-18 h for adsorption time and acidic conditions. The suitable adsorbent dosage was 0.3g and the suitable concentration of the dye was 10 mg/LThe authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Shaoxing Public Welfare Project (Grant No. 2017B70042), and the International Science and Technology Cooperation Project of Shaoxing University (Grant No. 2019LGGH1004)Postprint (published version

Hi-C, a chromatin 3D structure technique advancing the functional genomics of immune cells

The functional performance of immune cells relies on a complex transcriptional regulatory network. The three-dimensional structure of chromatin can affect chromatin status and gene expression patterns, and plays an important regulatory role in gene transcription. Currently available techniques for studying chromatin spatial structure include chromatin conformation capture techniques and their derivatives, chromatin accessibility sequencing techniques, and others. Additionally, the recently emerged deep learning technology can be utilized as a tool to enhance the analysis of data. In this review, we elucidate the definition and significance of the three-dimensional chromatin structure, summarize the technologies available for studying it, and describe the research progress on the chromatin spatial structure of dendritic cells, macrophages, T cells, B cells, and neutrophils

Dissociative Adsorption of PH3 on the Si(111)-7 x 7 Surface: A Theoretical Investigation

Density functional theory at the level of (U)B3LYP has been used to explore the dissociation of PH3 on the adatom site (Si-a) and rest atom site (Si-r) of the Si(111)-7 x 7 surface. A detailed comparison between PH3 and NH3 adsorption on Si(111)-7 x 7 is performed. Our results show that PH3 initial dissociation to adsorbed species, PH2(a) and H(a), is facile and preferentially occurs on the Si-r site. The same trend was found for NH3, but PH3 shows a site selectivity higher than NH3. XH2(a) is thermally stable, and an elevated temperature is required for further X-H (X = N or P) bond decomposition. The general mechanism for further X-H bond decomposition is XHn (n = 2 or 1) insertion into Si-Si backbond, followed by H-2 liberation, with the former usually being the rate-determining step. Full XH3 decomposition may lead to the formation of Si=X or Si3X unit with the preference on the Si-r site for N and that on the Si-a site for P. Such a difference should be attributed to X-H bond energy difference, the atomic radius difference between P and N, and the release of the strain energy of the reconstructed surface. We anticipate that the detailed energetics obtained from this study can be used as the quantum-mechanical input for a chemical-kinetics model of chemical vapor deposition.NSFC [20525311, 20533030, 20423002, 10774126]; Ministry of Science and Technology [2007CB815206, 2004CB719902

Mechanisms for NH3 decomposition on the si(111)-7 x 7 surface: A DFT cluster model study

Density functional theory at the level of (U)B3LYP has been employed to explore the complete dissociation of NH3 on the Si(111)-7 x 7 surface. The results were compared and contrasted to those of the Si(100)-2 x 1 surface. Our, calculations demonstrated that there existed competing factors, which determined the selectivity of various surface sites on every step of N-H bond dissociation. The initial N-H bond dissociation from NH3 to form the adsorbed NH2 species was most preferential on the rest atom site (Si-r) of Si(1 11)-7 x 7. This was attributed to a high probability of trapping the incident ammonia on the Si, site. Further N-H bond dissociation can be facilitated by the elevated temperature, which started by an NHx (x = 2 and 1) insertion, followed by an H-transfer process. Although the NH2 insertion into the Si-Si backbond on the Si(100)-2 x 1 surface was found to be the easiest, the NH insertion was most feasible on the adatom site (Si-a) of Si(111)-7 x 7. These results can be used as the quantum mechanical input for chemical kinetics model of chemical vapor deposition and should be of significance in the nlicroelectronic industry

Oxidation Mechanism of Si(111)‑7 × 7 by Water: A Theoretical Study

Density functional theory at the level of (U)­B3LYP has been used to investigate the complete oxidation of the Si(111)-7 × 7 surface by water. The results suggest that the initial water dissociation readily occurs across an adjacent adatom–rest atom (Si_a–Si_r) pair, resulting in either Si_a–OH + Si_r–H (i.e., the Si_a route) or Si_r–OH + Si_a–H (i.e., the Si_r route). Both routes are found to follow the precursor-mediated pathway, while the Si_r atom is concluded to be more reactive than the Si_a atom toward the initial decomposition of the H₂O molecule due to its higher binding affinity to the incident water. With increasing water exposure and reaction temperature, deep oxidation can be accomplished by steady oxygen atom insertion into the Si_a–Si_s backbonds until the Si⁴⁺ oxidation state is eventually developed. Our calculations uncover that the most favorable pathway for deep oxidations begins with the direct water dissociation over the Si_a–Si_s backbond, followed by H₂ liberation. This differs from the recent proposal via the OH insertion. Our deep oxidation mechanism can also be applied to the oxidation of an isolated adatom, which gives an explanation to the experimental observation where more than 50% of Si_a are involved in water oxidation. The present work provides the detailed energetics that sheds light on the wet oxidation mechanism of silicon surfaces at the molecular level

Balancing the Efficiency and Sensitivity of Defect Inspection of Non-Patterned Wafers with TDI-Based Dark-Field Scattering Microscopy

In semiconductor manufacturing, defect inspection in non-patterned wafer production lines is essential to ensure high-quality integrated circuits. However, in actual production lines, achieving both high efficiency and high sensitivity at the same time is a significant challenge due to their mutual constraints. To achieve a reasonable trade-off between detection efficiency and sensitivity, this paper integrates the time delay integration (TDI) technology into dark-field microscopy. The TDI image sensor is utilized instead of a photomultiplier tube to realize multi-point simultaneous scanning. Experiments illustrate that the increase in the number of TDI stages and reduction in the column fixed pattern noise effectively improve the signal-to-noise ratio of particle defects without sacrificing the detecting efficiency

Short Text Classification Based on Hierarchical Heterogeneous Graph and LDA Fusion

The proliferation of short texts resulting from the rapid advancements of social networks, online communication, and e-commerce has created a pressing need for short text classification in various applications. This paper presents a novel approach for short text classification, which combines a hierarchical heterogeneous graph with latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) fusion. Our method first models the short text dataset as a hierarchical heterogeneous graph, which incorporates more syntactic and semantic information through a word graph, parts-of-speech (POS) tag graph, and entity graph. We then connected the representation of these three feature maps to derive a comprehensive feature vector for the text. Finally, we used the LDA topic model to adjust the feature weight, enhancing the effectiveness of short text extension. Our experiments demonstrated that our proposed approach has a promising performance in English short text classification, while in Chinese short text classification, although slightly inferior to the LDA + TF-IDF method, it still achieved promising results

Up-regulated microRNA-143 in cancer stem cells differentiation promotes prostate cancer cells metastasis by modulating FNDC3B expression

Abstract Background Metastatic prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death in men. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are involved in tumor progression and metastasis, including in prostate cancer. There is an obvious and urgent need for effective cancer stem cells specific therapies in metastatic prostate cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an important class of pervasive genes that are involved in a variety of biological functions, especially in cancer. The goal of this study was to identify miRNAs involved in prostate cancer metastasis and cancer stem cells. Methods A microarray and qRT-PCR were performed to investigate the miRNA expression profiles in PC-3 sphere cells and adherent cells. A transwell assay was used to evaluate the migration of PC-3 sphere cells and adherent cells. MiR-143 was silenced with antisense oligonucleotides in PC-3, PC-3-M and LNCaP cells. The role of miR-143 in prostate cancer metastasis was measured by wound-healing and transwell assays in vitro and bioluminescence imaging in vivo. Bioinformatics and luciferase report assays were used to identify the target of miR-143. Results The expression of miR-143 and the migration capability were reduced in PC-3 sphere cells and progressively increased during sphere re-adherent culture. Moreover, the down-regulation of miR-143 suppressed prostate cancer cells migration and invasion in vitro and systemically inhibited metastasis in vivo. Fibronectin type III domain containing 3B (FNDC3B), which regulates cell motility, was identified as a target of miR-143. The inhibition of miR-143 increased the expression of FNDC3B protein but not FNDC3B mRNA in vitro and vivo. Conclusions These data demonstrate for the first time that miR-143 was up-regulated during the differentiation of prostate cancer stem cells and promoted prostate cancer metastasis by repressing FNDC3B expression. This sheds a new insight into the post-transcriptional regulation of cancer stem cells differentiation by miRNAs, a potential approach for the treatment of prostate cancer.</p