Contrastive Augmented Graph2Graph Memory Interaction for Few Shot Continual Learning

Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learning (FSCIL) has gained considerable attention in recent years for its pivotal role in addressing continuously arriving classes. However, it encounters additional challenges. The scarcity of samples in new sessions intensifies overfitting, causing incompatibility between the output features of new and old classes, thereby escalating catastrophic forgetting. A prevalent strategy involves mitigating catastrophic forgetting through the Explicit Memory (EM), which comprise of class prototypes. However, current EM-based methods retrieves memory globally by performing Vector-to-Vector (V2V) interaction between features corresponding to the input and prototypes stored in EM, neglecting the geometric structure of local features. This hinders the accurate modeling of their positional relationships. To incorporate information of local geometric structure, we extend the V2V interaction to Graph-to-Graph (G2G) interaction. For enhancing local structures for better G2G alignment and the prevention of local feature collapse, we propose the Local Graph Preservation (LGP) mechanism. Additionally, to address sample scarcity in classes from new sessions, the Contrast-Augmented G2G (CAG2G) is introduced to promote the aggregation of same class features thus helps few-shot learning. Extensive comparisons on CIFAR100, CUB200, and the challenging ImageNet-R dataset demonstrate the superiority of our method over existing methods.Comment: 12 Pages, 5 figure

Clopidogrel with aspirin in High-risk patients with Acute Non-disabling Cerebrovascular Events II (CHANCE-2): rationale and design of a multicenter randomised trial

Background: In patients with a minor ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA), separate trials have shown that dual antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel plus aspirin (clopidogrel–aspirin) or ticagrelor plus aspirin (ticagrelor–aspirin) are more effective than aspirin alone in stroke secondary prevention. However, these two sets of combination have not been directly compared. Since clopidogrel was less effective in stroke patients who were CYP2C19 loss-of-function (LOF) allele carriers, whether ticagrelor–aspirin is clinically superior to clopidogrel–aspirin in this subgroup of patients with stroke is unclear.Aim: To describe the rationale and design considerations of the Clopidogrel in High-risk patients with Acute Non-disabling Cerebrovascular Events (CHANCE-2) trial.Design: CHANCE-2 is a randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial that compares two dual antiplatelet strategies for minor stroke or TIA patients who are CYP2C19 LOF allele carriers: ticagrelor (180 mg loading dose on day 1 followed by 90 mg twice daily on days 2–90) or clopidogrel (300 mg loading dose on day 1 followed by 75 mg daily on days 2–90), plus open-label aspirin with a dose of 75–300 mg on day 1 followed by 75 mg daily on day 2–21. All will be followed for 1 year.Study outcomes: The primary efficacy outcome is any stroke (ischaemic or haemorrhagic) within 3 months and the primary safety outcome is any severe or moderate bleeding event within 3 months.Discussion: The CHANCE-2 trial will evaluate whether ticagrelor–aspirin is superior to clopidogrel–aspirin for minor stroke or TIA patients who are CYP2C19 LOF allele carriers

Ticagrelor vs Clopidogrel in CYP2C19 loss-of-function carriers with Stroke or TIA

BACKGROUNDComparisons between ticagrelor- aspirin and clopidogrel-aspirin in CYP2C19 loss-of-function carriers have not been well studied for secondary stroke prevention.METHODSWe conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 6,412 patients with a minor ischemic stroke or TIA who carried CYP2C19 LOF alleles determined by point-of-care testing. Patients were randomly assigned within 24 hours after symptom onset, in a 1:1 ratio to receive ticagrelor (180 mg loading dose on day 1 followed by 90 mg twice daily for days 2 through 90) or clopidogrel (300 mg loading dose on day 1 followed by 75 mg per day for days 2 through 90), plus aspirin (75-300 mg loading dose followed by 75 mg daily for 21 days). The primary efficacy outcome was stroke and the primary safety outcome was severe or moderate bleeding, both within 90 days. RESULTSStroke occurred within 90 days in 191 (6.0%) versus 243 (7.6%), respectively (hazard ratio, 0.77; 95% confidence interval, 0.64 to 0.94; P=0.008). Moderate or severe bleeding occurred in 9 patients (0.3%) in the ticagrelor-aspirin group and in 11 patients (0.3%) in the clopidogrel-aspirin group; any bleeding event occurred in 170 patients (5.3%) vs 80 (2.5%), respectively. CONCLUSIONSAmong Chinese patients with minor ischemic stroke or TIA within 24 hours after symptoms onset who were carriers of CYP2C19 loss-of-function alleles, ticagrelor- aspirin was modestly better than clopidogrel-aspirin for reducing the risk of stroke but was associated with more total bleeding events at 90 days. (CHANCE-2 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04078737.

Interactive Continual Learning: Fast and Slow Thinking

Advanced life forms, sustained by the synergistic interaction of neural cognitive mechanisms, continually acquire and transfer knowledge throughout their lifespan. In contrast, contemporary machine learning paradigms exhibit limitations in emulating the facets of continual learning (CL). Nonetheless, the emergence of large language models (LLMs) presents promising avenues for realizing CL via interactions with these models. Drawing on Complementary Learning System theory, this paper presents a novel Interactive Continual Learning (ICL) framework, enabled by collaborative interactions among models of various sizes. Specifically, we assign the ViT model as System1 and multimodal LLM as System2. To enable the memory module to deduce tasks from class information and enhance Set2Set retrieval, we propose the Class-Knowledge-Task Multi-Head Attention (CKT-MHA). Additionally, to improve memory retrieval in System1 through enhanced geometric representation, we introduce the CL-vMF mechanism, based on the von Mises-Fisher (vMF) distribution. Meanwhile, we introduce the von Mises-Fisher Outlier Detection and Interaction (vMF-ODI) strategy to identify hard examples, thus enhancing collaboration between System1 and System2 for complex reasoning realization. Comprehensive evaluation of our proposed ICL demonstrates significant resistance to forgetting and superior performance relative to existing methods. Code is available at github.com/ICL.Comment: Accepted to CVPR 202

Effects of Tea Powder on the Cooking Properties, Antioxidative Potential and Volatile Profiles of Dried Noodles

Numerous studies indicate that tea has versatile health benefits, and attempts are being made to use it as a food additive. In this study, three types of tea powder (TP) [matcha tea powder (MTP), green tea powder (GTP), and black tea powder (BTP)] were used in noodle processing, and the cooking properties, antioxidant potential, and volatile profiles of dried tea noodles (DTN) were investigated. Between 0.5% and 2% TP addition decreased the cooking time, cooking loss, and water absorption of DTN, regardless of concentrations. TP decreased the brightness (L*) of the DTN while increasing the greenness (|−a*|) and yellowness (b*) values of matcha tea noodles (MTN) and green tea noodles (GTN), as well as the redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) values of black tea noodles (BTN). The results of the 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity (10.84–95%), 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free scavenging activity (2.03–92.23%), and total phenolic content (TPC) (97.32–540.97 mg/g) of the noodles increased as the TP addition increased. Besides, TP also enriched the flavor of the DTN, with alcohol, aldehydes, and ethers being the main components. In conclusion, the addition of TP positively improved the quality of the DTN and increased its antioxidative potential

(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate mitigates cyclophosphamide-induced intestinal injury by modulating the tight junctions, inflammation and dysbiosis in mice.

Cyclophosphamide (CTX) is an antitumor drug commonly used to treat various cancer types. Unfortunately, its toxic side effects, including gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity, affect treatment compliance and patients' prognosis. Thus, there is a critical need of evaluating strategies that may improve the associated GI toxicity induced by CTX. In this work, we evaluated the capacity of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major constituent of green tea, to improve the recovery of gut injury induced by CTX in mice. Treatment with CTX for 5 days severely damaged the intestinal structure, increased immune-related cytokines (TNFα, IL-10 and IL-21), reduced the expression levels of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, occludin, claudin-1), induced reactive oxygen species, altered the composition of gut microbiota, and reduced short chain fatty acid levels. EGCG treatment, starting one day after the last CTX dose, significantly improved the intestinal structure, ameliorated gut permeability, and restored ZO-1, occludin and claudin-1 levels. Moreover, EGCG reduced TNFα, IL-10 and IL-21 levels and decreased oxidative stress by regulating the activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Finally, EGCG treatment restored the composition of gut microbiota and the levels of the short chain fatty acids. In conclusion, these findings indicate that EGCG may function as an effective bioactive compound to minimize CTX-induced GI tract toxicity

Initial Validation of Mobile-Structural Health Monitoring Method Using Smartphones

The structural health monitoring system has made great development nowadays, especially on bridge structures. Meanwhile, most SHM systems reported were designed, integrated, and installed into large-scale infrastructures by professionals and equipped with expensive sensors, data acquisition devices, data transfer systems, and so forth. And it is impossible to install SHM system for every civilian building. For this status, a kind of new idea for structural health monitoring using smartphone is introduced in this paper. A smartphone, with embedded responding SHM software and inner sensors or external sensors, can be used not only as a single wireless sensor node but also as a mini-SHM system. The method is described in detail, and then the swing test, cable force test in laboratory, and cable force test on an actual bridge based on the iPhone were conducted to validate the proposed method. The experimental results show that Mobile-SHM using smartphone is feasible. The realization of Mobile-SHM method using smartphones may be considered as a milestone in making SHM popular in the lives of people

Estimation of the Parameters Affecting the Water Pipelines on the Mining Terrains with A Use of An Adaptive Fuzzy System

"jats:p" The research presented in this paper is basically focused on two objectives. Firstly, the selection of parameters affecting the water supply network damage. The causes of failures were selected from a population of tens of breakdown cases and then classified in view of their importance. Secondly, attention was paid to the selection of the most suitable linguistic model which could be commonly used for selecting factors which generate failures. Finally a Mamdani-based model could be worked out as a system possessing best generalization qualities. This model can create bases for an adaptative decision system which can show the type of water supply-sewage network, depending on continuous surface strains due to the mining activity. Document type: Articl

Outcomes of tailored angioplasty and/or stenting for symptomatic intracranial atherosclerosis: a prospective cohort study after SAMMPRIS

Background and purposeHigh periprocedural complication rate is a key limitation of endovascular treatment of intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD), despite potential risk reduction of recurrent stroke. Taking lessons from the Stenting and Aggressive Medical Management for Preventing Recurrent Stroke in Intracranial Arterial Stenosis (SAMMPRIS) trial, targeting a selected patient population, we prospectively evaluated the feasibility and safety of tailored angioplasty and/or stenting for patients with ICAD.MethodsFrom November 2011 to October 2012, 158 patients with symptomatic ICAD caused by hypoperfusion combined with poor collateral flow were consecutively recruited into a prospective single center study. Patients were divided into three groups based on arterial access and lesion morphology: balloon mounted stent group (group BS) for smooth access and Mori A lesion, angioplasty plus self-expanding stent group (group AS) for tortuous access and Mori B or C lesion, and angioplasty group (group AG) for tortuous access and Mori A lesion. The primary endpoints were successful procedure rate and any vascular event within 30 days.ResultsOverall technical success rate was 96.3% (154/158). There were significant differences in the technical success rate: 89.7% (35/39) in group AG compared with 97.5% (79/81) in group BS and 100% (38/38) in group AS (p=0.042). The 30 day composite stroke, myocardial infarction, or death rate was 4.4% (7/158). Stroke within 30 days occurred in four patients in group BS and in three patients in group AS.ConclusionsIndividualized treatment of ICAD using tailored devices according to arterial access and lesion morphology was feasible and safe in symptomatic patients caused by hypoperfusion with poor collateral flow