Guizhi-jia-houpu-xingzi decoction attenuates ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma via regulation of Toll-like receptor signal pathway

Purpose: To study the effect of Guizhi-jia-houpu-xingzi (GHX) on ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma in rats.Methods: An animal model of allergic asthma (AA) in rats was established by intraperitoneal injection (ip) of ovalbumin (OVA). Thereafter, GHX (375 mg/kg) was administered orally for 7 days. Pulmonary function, inflammatory cells, immunoglobulin E (Ig) E, interleukin-4 (IL)-4 and interferon-γ (IFN)-γ in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) were determined. Furthermore, mRNA expressions of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) signal pathway was determined using real time polymerase chain reaction PCR (q-RT-PCR).Results: GHX (375 mg/kg) significantly decreased respiratory rate (p < 0.01) and Penh value (p < 0.05) when compared with AA rats. The inflammatory cells (p < 0.01) and levels of IL-4 (p < 0.01) and IgE (p < 0.01) were significantly decreased by GHX treatment when compared with AA rats; whereas IFN-γ (p < 0.05) was significantly increased. Furthermore, GHX significantly decreased the mRNA expressions of GATA binding protein (GATA)-3 (p < 0.01), TRL-2 (p < 0.01), TRL-4 (p < 0.01), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) (p < 0.01), TNF receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6) (p < 0.01) and β-arrestin (p < 0.01) in lung tissues, relative to AA rats. However, GHX treatment led to significant up-regulation of mRNA expression of T-bet (p < 0.01).Conclusion: These results demonstrate that GHX possesses a potential for treating allergic asthma via regulation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signal pathway. They also provide a scientific basis for the probable use of GHX in clinical treatment of allergic diseases in future.Keywords: Guizhi-jia-houpu-xingzi decoction, Ovalbumin, Allergic asthma, Toll-like recepto

One Case of Autopsy Pathological Analysis of Acute Pancreatitis Combined with Hemorrhage in Pericardial Cavity

Senile male, physically ft at usual, he died suddenly without any clinical symptoms. By autopsy dissection, it was found that large amount of bleeding was presented in pericardial cavity, the abdominal cavity and thoracic cavity had a small amount of hemorrhage, partial pancrea tissue had coagulation necrosis accompanied with infltration of neutrophile granulocyte and degeneration and necrosis of liver cell accompanied with acute or chronic inflammation cell infltration. Laboratory examination of the patient when he was alive suggested that liver function and coagulation function had obstacles, there was not any timely clinical process, and he died suddenly. Autopsy examination results suggested that acute pancreatitis caused a large quantity of bleeding in pericardial cavity, which led to cardiac tamponade and it cause acute circulation failure, which initiated cardiac arrest and then death. Coronary heart disease may exert certain facilitation effect in the death process. Patients with pancreatitis, especially the senile and pancreatitis patients with coronary artery disease, should be evaluated and prevented ahead of schedule, for those patients who had coma suddenly, it should be thought that it had possibility of combining with hemorrhage in the interior of pericardial cavity, the patient's doctor should try his or her best to reduce death rate

Serum CIRP increases the risk of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery

IntroductionAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent perioperative complication. The underlying mechanisms of cardiac surgery-associated AKI are still not completely elucidated. Cold-induced RNA-binding protein (CIRP) has been subsequently found to be regulated by various stress conditions. During cardiac surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), the host is subjected to hypothermia and inadequate organ perfusion, resulting in an upregulation of CIRP secretion. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of elevated extracellular CIRP level as a contributing factor in the development of AKI.MethodsA total of 292 patients who underwent cardiac surgery were retrospectively enrolled and their serum samples were collected preoperative and postoperative. Demographic data, intraoperative data, in-hospital outcomes, and the occurrence of AKI were also collected for the patients. The correlation between CIRP and intraoperative procedures, as well as its association with postoperative outcomes were analyzed.ResultsIn multivariable analysis, higher ΔCIRP (p = 0.036) and body mass index (p = 0.015) were independent risk factors for postoperative AKI. Meanwhile, patients with postoperative AKI exhibited lower survival rate in 2-year follow-up (p = 0.008). Compared to off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting surgery, patients who underwent on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting, valve surgery, aortic dissection and other surgery showed higher ΔCIRP, measuring 1,093, 666, 914 and 258 pg/mL, respectively (p < 0.001). The levels of ΔCIRP were significantly higher in patients who underwent CPB compared to those who did not (793.0 ± 648.7 vs. 149.5 ± 289.1 pg/mL, p < 0.001). Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between ΔCIRP levels and the duration of CPB (r = 0.502, p < 0.001). Patients with higher CIRP levels are at greater risk of postoperative AKI (OR: 1.67, p = 0.032), especially the stage 2–3 AKI (OR: 2.11, p = 0.037).ConclusionCIRP secretion increases with prolonged CPB time after cardiac surgery, and CIRP secretion is positively correlated with the duration of CPB. Cardiac surgeries with CPB exhibited significantly higher levels of CIRP compared to non-CPB surgeries. Elevation of CIRP level is an independent risk factor for the incidence of AKI, especially the severe AKI, and were associated with adverse in-hospital outcomes

Design and Construction of a Prototype Solenoid Coil for MICE Coupling Magnets

A superconducting coupling solenoid mounted around four conventional RF cavities, which produces up to 2.6 T central magnetic field to keep the muons within the cavities, is to be used for the Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE). The coupling coil made from copper matrix NbTi conductors is the largest of three types of magnets in MICE both in terms of 1.5 m inner diameter and about 13MJ stored magnetic energy at full operation current of 210A. The stress induced inside the coil assembly during cool down and magnet charging is relatively high. In order to validate the design method and develop the coil winding technique with inside-wound SC splices required for the coupling coil, a prototype coil made from the same conductor and with the same diameter and thickness but only one-fourth long as the coupling coil was designed and fabricated by ICST. The prototype coil was designed to be charged to strain conditions that are equivalent or greater than would be encountered in the coupling coil. This paper presents detailed design of the prototype coil as well as developed coil winding skills. The analyses on stress in the coil assembly and quench process were carried out

Seroprevalence of Neutralizing Antibodies to Human Adenovirus Type 4 and 7 in Healthy Populations From Southern China

Human adenoviruses type 4 (HAdV4) and 7 (HAdV7) are two major respiratory pathogens and sporadically cause outbreaks of acute respiratory diseases. The neutralizing antibody (nAb) response to these two adenoviruses in civilian populations, which is important for dissecting previous circulations and predicting potential outbreaks, remains largely unknown. In this study, we generated replication-competent HAdV4 and HAdV7 reporter viruses expressing secreted-alkaline-phosphatase (SEAP), and established neutralization assays to investigate the seroprevalence of pre-existing nAb in healthy volunteers from Hunan Province, southern China. The seropositivity rates are 58.4 and 63.8% for anti-HAdV4 nAb and anti-HAdV7 nAb, respectively. High nAb titers (> 1000) were frequently detected in HAdV4-seropositive individuals, whereas most HAdV7-seropositive volunteers had moderate nAb titers (201–1000). The seropositivity rates of anti-HAdV4 nAb and anti-HAdV7 nAb increase with age, with individuals younger than 20 exhibiting the lowest seropositivity rates. Both seropositivity rates and nAb titers are comparable between different sex groups. Notably, HAdV4-seropositive individuals tend to be HAdV7-seropositive and vice versa. Because HAdV4 antisera showed no neutralizing activity to HAdV7 whereas HAdV7 antisera cannot neutralize HAdV4, a subgroup of individuals might be susceptible to infection by HAdV4 and HAdV7 and thus generate nAb to both of them. These results revealed the continuous circulation of HAdV4 and HAdV7 and the lack of protective immunity in more than 35% of people, which emphasized the surveillance of these two HAdVs and the development of prophylactic vaccines

Potential of Core-Collapse Supernova Neutrino Detection at JUNO

JUNO is an underground neutrino observatory under construction in Jiangmen, China. It uses 20kton liquid scintillator as target, which enables it to detect supernova burst neutrinos of a large statistics for the next galactic core-collapse supernova (CCSN) and also pre-supernova neutrinos from the nearby CCSN progenitors. All flavors of supernova burst neutrinos can be detected by JUNO via several interaction channels, including inverse beta decay, elastic scattering on electron and proton, interactions on C12 nuclei, etc. This retains the possibility for JUNO to reconstruct the energy spectra of supernova burst neutrinos of all flavors. The real time monitoring systems based on FPGA and DAQ are under development in JUNO, which allow prompt alert and trigger-less data acquisition of CCSN events. The alert performances of both monitoring systems have been thoroughly studied using simulations. Moreover, once a CCSN is tagged, the system can give fast characterizations, such as directionality and light curve

Detection of the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background with JUNO

As an underground multi-purpose neutrino detector with 20 kton liquid scintillator, Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is competitive with and complementary to the water-Cherenkov detectors on the search for the diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB). Typical supernova models predict 2-4 events per year within the optimal observation window in the JUNO detector. The dominant background is from the neutral-current (NC) interaction of atmospheric neutrinos with 12C nuclei, which surpasses the DSNB by more than one order of magnitude. We evaluated the systematic uncertainty of NC background from the spread of a variety of data-driven models and further developed a method to determine NC background within 15\% with {\it{in}} {\it{situ}} measurements after ten years of running. Besides, the NC-like backgrounds can be effectively suppressed by the intrinsic pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) capabilities of liquid scintillators. In this talk, I will present in detail the improvements on NC background uncertainty evaluation, PSD discriminator development, and finally, the potential of DSNB sensitivity in JUNO

Real-time Monitoring for the Next Core-Collapse Supernova in JUNO

Core-collapse supernova (CCSN) is one of the most energetic astrophysical events in the Universe. The early and prompt detection of neutrinos before (pre-SN) and during the SN burst is a unique opportunity to realize the multi-messenger observation of the CCSN events. In this work, we describe the monitoring concept and present the sensitivity of the system to the pre-SN and SN neutrinos at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), which is a 20 kton liquid scintillator detector under construction in South China. The real-time monitoring system is designed with both the prompt monitors on the electronic board and online monitors at the data acquisition stage, in order to ensure both the alert speed and alert coverage of progenitor stars. By assuming a false alert rate of 1 per year, this monitoring system can be sensitive to the pre-SN neutrinos up to the distance of about 1.6 (0.9) kpc and SN neutrinos up to about 370 (360) kpc for a progenitor mass of 30$M_{\odot}$ for the case of normal (inverted) mass ordering. The pointing ability of the CCSN is evaluated by using the accumulated event anisotropy of the inverse beta decay interactions from pre-SN or SN neutrinos, which, along with the early alert, can play important roles for the followup multi-messenger observations of the next Galactic or nearby extragalactic CCSN.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figure