Coherent manipulation of spin wave vector for polarization of photons in an atomic ensemble

We experimentally demonstrate the manipulation of two-orthogonal components of a spin wave in an atomic ensemble. Based on Raman two-photon transition and Larmor spin precession induced by magnetic field pulses, the coherent rotations between the two components of the spin wave is controllably achieved. Successively, the two manipulated spin-wave components are mapped into two orthogonal polarized optical emissions, respectively. By measuring Ramsey fringes of the retrieved optical signals, the \pi/2-pulse fidelity of ~96% is obtained. The presented manipulation scheme can be used to build an arbitrary rotation for qubit operations in quantum information processing based on atomic ensembles

Needle δ13C and mobile carbohydrates in Pinus koraiensis in relation to decreased temperature and increased moisture along an elevational gradient in NE China

A tree's crown interacts with atmospheric variables such as CO2, temperature, and humidity. Physioecology of leaves/needles (e.g. δ13C, mobile carbohydrates, and nitrogen) is, therefore, strongly affected by microclimate in and surrounding a tree crown. To understand the physiological responses of leaves to changes in air temperature and moisture, we measured δ13C, soluble sugars, starch, and total nitrogen (N) concentrations in current year and 1-yr-old needles of Pinus koraiensis trees, and compared the growing season air temperature and relative humidity within and outside P. koraiensis crowns along an elevational gradient from 760 to 1,420ma.s.l. on Changbai Mountain, NE China. Our results indicated that needle N and mobile carbohydrates concentrations, as well as needle δ13C values changed continuously with increasing elevation, corresponding to a continuous decrease in air temperature and an increase in relative humidity. Needle carbon and nitrogen status is highly significantly negatively correlated with temperature, but positively correlated with relative humidity. These results indicate that increases in air temperature in combination with decreases in relative humidity may result in lower levels of N and mobile carbohydrates in P. koraiensis trees, suggesting that future climate changes such as global warming and changes in precipitation patterns will directly influence the N and carbon physiology at P. koraiensis individual level, and indirectly affect the competitive ability, species composition, productivity and functioning at the stand and ecosystem level in NE China. Due to the relatively limited range of the transect (760-1,420m) studied, further research is needed to explain whether the present results are applicable to scales across large elevational gradient

Radial Growth Response of Larix gmelinii to Climate along a Latitudinal Gradient in the Greater Khingan Mountains, Northeastern China

To explore how climatic factors influence tree growth within the context of global climate changes, we used a dendroclimatological analysis to understand the response of Larix gmelinii to climatic variations along a broad latitudinal gradient from 47.27 degrees to 52.66 degrees N in the Greater Khingan Mountains of Northeastern China. The growth-limiting climate factors and a detailed association between radial growth and climate were identified along the gradient using redundancy analysis (RDA) and standard correlation function analysis over the period 1960-2013. The results showed that temperatures during current June to July represented the most important factor affecting tree radial growth in the study area. Across all studied latitudes, Larix gmelinii growth might be decreasing in radial growth due to higher monthly maximum temperature (Tmax) and monthly mean temperatures (Tm) in the current June, especially for the stands at low and middle latitudes. With continued warming, Larix gmelinii radial growth at high latitudes (e.g., Mangui (MG) and Mohe (MH)) might be reduced by warmer temperatures in July. In addition, Larix gmelinii might be decreasing in radial growth from decreasing precipitation. Our results show that there is a decreasing trend in Larix gmelinii radial growth under the observed general increase of temperatures in the Greater Khingan Mountains in recent years.Peer reviewe

Energy-Efficient Algorithm for Broadcasting in Ad Hoc Wireless Sensor Networks

sensor

EBV lytic proteins BZLF1 and BILF1 inhibit the expression of major histocompatibility complex in Raji cells

Objective To investigate whether BZLF1 and BILF1 can inhibit the expression of major histocompatibility complex(MHC)molecules in Raji cells during Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) lytic cycle. Methods Reactivation was triggered by treating Raji cells with TPA and NaB. As the marker protein during EBV lytic state, the BZLF1 protein expression was detected by Western blot. The expression of BZLF1 and BILF1 at transcription level was analyzed by RT-qPCR in EBV reactivation. The expression of MHC class Ⅱ and MHC class Ⅰ molecules was analyzed by flow cytometry. After BZLF1 and BILF1 over-expression or gene silencing via siRNA in Raji cells by electroporation, the expression of MHC class Ⅱ and MHC class Ⅰ molecules was detected by flow cytometry and Western blot respectively. Results EBV reactivation can be triggered with TPA and NaB. The BZLF1 and BILF1 gene expression was observed by inducing EBV reactivation in Raji cells. The levels of MHC class Ⅱ and MHC class Ⅰ molecules were down regulated by inducing EBV reactivation or ectopic expression of BZLF1 and BILF1 (P＜0.05). Expression of MHC class Ⅱ and MHC class Ⅰ molecules was restored by specific siRNA. Conclusions BZLF1 and BILF1 down regulate the expression of MHC class Ⅱ and MHC class Ⅰ molecules in EBV reactivation respectively

Needle delta C-13 and mobile carbohydrates in Pinus koraiensis in relation to decreased temperature and increased moisture along an elevational gradient in NE China

ISSN:0931-1890ISSN:1432-228

Road Tunnel Axial Fan Performance In Situ Test: Taking Qinling Zhongnan Mountain Highway Tunnel as an Example

Axial fans play a pivotal role in the road tunnel ventilation system. Qualified performance of the axial fan is important for both safety and air quality maintenance reasons. Axial fans performance in situ test of Qinling Zhongnan Mountain highway tunnel, the second longest road tunnel in the world, is presented in this research. Performance test items and the qualification criterion, as well as a general framework for the road tunnel axial fan assessment, are recommended. Log-Tchebycheff method is suggested to confirm the location for the measuring lines and points. The precision of the log-Tchebycheff method in air flow rate measuring is verified by comparing with the biharmonic spline interpolation fitting result. The research shows that the log-Tchebycheff method has high precision and good efficiency in the air flow rate measurement of the road tunnel air duct. What is more, the biharmonic spline interpolation fitting method can be applied to obtain a more accurate result. The number of interpolation points of the biharmonic spline interpolation fitting method should be bigger than 2000 to provide quality results

Association of Maternal Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccination within 3 Months before Conception with Neonatal Outcomes

There is limited available data addressing whether inactivated COVID-19 vaccination before conception is associated with adverse neonatal outcomes. This cohort study included all singleton live births at our center from March 1 to June 30, 2022. According to whether a maternal inactivated COVID-19 vaccination had been administered within 3 months before conception or not, neonates were identified as being in the vaccinated or unvaccinated group. Vaccination information and clinical characteristics were extracted for analysis. Furthermore, neonatal outcomes were analyzed and compared between these two groups in the present study. The cohort included 856 eligible newborns, of whom 369 were exposed to maternal vaccination before conception and 487 were unexposed newborns. No differences were observed in rates of preterm birth, newborns being small for gestational age, or neonatal intensive care unit admission between exposed and unexposed newborns. Furthermore, even after adjusting for social–economic status and maternal characteristics, there remained no significant differences in these neonatal outcomes. Our study revealed no statistically significant differences between newborns born to women who received inactivated vaccines prior to conception compared with those who did not receive any vaccinations. In addition, our study also highlights the importance of considering COVID-19 vaccination before conception

Responses of Fine Roots and Soil N Availability to Short- Term Nitrogen Fertilization in a Broad-Leaved Korean Pine Mixed Forest in Northeastern China

Knowledge of the responses of soil nitrogen (N) availability, fine root mass, production and turnover rates to atmospheric N deposition is crucial for understanding fine root dynamics and functioning in forest ecosystems. Fine root biomass and necromass, production and turnover rates, and soil nitrate-N and ammonium-N in relation to N fertilization (50 kg N ha 21 year 21) were investigated in a temperate forest over the growing season of 2010, using sequential soil cores and ingrowth cores methods. N fertilization increased soil nitrate-N by 16 % (P,0.001) and ammonium-N by 6 % (P,0.01) compared to control plots. Fine root biomass and necromass in 0–20 cm soil were 13 % (4.61 vs. 5.23 Mg ha 21, P,0.001) and 34 % (1.39 vs. 1.86 Mg ha 21, P,0.001) less in N fertilization plots than those in control plots. The fine root mass was significantly negatively correlated with soil N availability and nitrate-N contents, especially in 0–10 cm soil layer. Both fine root production and turnover rates increased with N fertilization, indicating a rapid underground carbon cycling in environment with high nitrogen levels. Although high N supply has been widely recognized to promote aboveground growth rates, the present study suggests that high levels of nitrogen supply may reduce the pool size of the underground carbon. Hence, we conclude that high levels of atmospheric N deposition will stimulate the belowground carbon cycling, leading to changes in the carbon balance between aboveground and underground storage. The implications of the present study suggest tha