Photo-effects on Current Transport in Back-gate Graphene Field-effect Transistor

Graphene, which has attracted wide attention because of its two-dimensional structure and high carrier mobility, is a promising candidate for potential application in optics and electronics. In this dissertation, the photonic effects on current transport in back-gate graphene field-effect transistor is investigated. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on metal provides a promising way for large area, controllability and high quality graphene film. The transfer and back-gate transistor fabrication processes are proposed in this dissertation. The theoretical analysis of photodetector based on back-gate graphene field-effect transistor has been done. It is shown that the photo-electronic current consists of current contributions from photovoltaic, photo-thermoelectric and photo-bolometric effects. A maximum external responsivity close to 0.0009A/W is achieved at 30μW laser power source and 633nm wavelength. The photodiode based on graphene/silicon Schottky barrier is also. A computed 238.8 W-1 photocurrent to dark current ratio normalized by the power source (633nm wavelength and 10mW laser) is obtained. An equivalent circuit model of the graphene/silicon Schottky barrier diode compatible with SPICE simulation is developed and simulated photo-response characteristics are presented using analog behavior modeling which are in close agreement with the theoretical analysis. Besides the optical applications, graphene based-transistors can also be used in applications related to space electronics. The irradiation effects including oxide trap charge and graphene layer traps charges are investigated. A semi-empirical model of graphene back-gate transistors before and after irradiation is predicted

Three Poems from \u3cem\u3eFlowing Toward Serenity\u3c/em\u3e by Tan Xiao

Tan Xiao is a Chinese poet whose poetry examines the relationships between an individual and his or her family, traditions, and society as a whole. The language he uses is deceptively simple, but the poignant observations and insights ensure that his poetry is relevant and relatable. This article includes three poems by Tan and accompanying commentary

Four Poems by Yu Xiuhua

Translated from Chinese by Xinlu Yan: My Dog, Little Wu I Crossed Half of China to Lay You An Evening in Early Winter I Please This world With Pain

Research in Reality I: Data collection and Ethics

The session aims to provide insights and practical tips for PhD students preparing to collect data during the pandemic, and mainly, ethics issues they have faced. 1. Share experiences about ethics application and how they adjust approach during the pandemic 2. Offer valuable advice on how to conduct interviews, questionnaires, observations, focus groups, and any other research methods 3. Provide tips on how to deal with the collected data, from processing to presenting 4. Share experience about online data collection admist the challenging time of COVID-1

"I hear more than what you say": Issues and resolutions in doing life history research with female composers, producers, and conductors

The interactive presentation demonstrated methodological issues, resolutions, and reflections in my experience of doing life history research with a diverse cohort of participants. Life histories focus on people’s lives in historical, social, and cultural contexts. The lives of female composers, producers, and conductors, especially those with extensive experiences in multiple cultures, have not been studied before. My study explores and understands the unique lives and voices of multi-cultural women working in these three musical roles by co-producing vivid, detailed, and profound life history accounts with them. My presentation started with an introduction of my study and its context. Then there was an illustration of how I navigated and adjusted the research conduct to complete my data collection during the pandemic. Afterwards, I displayed various scenarios arisen during my research process. These include dilemmas related to power dynamic, technology use, and research rapport between the researcher and the participants. By reflecting on my experiences and generating discussions, I offered insights into the coproduction of life histories, both at a distance and in person. These include the balance between interview technique and communication, the collaborative production of data, as well as research coordination between the physical and digital worlds. The presentation generated interactive discussions and deep reflections, thus having connotations for related fields of life history and oral history

Factors driving China’s carbon emissions after the COVID-19 outbreak

The outbreak of the coronavirus (COVID-19) may exert profound impacts on China's economic development and carbon emissions via structural changes. Due to a lack of data, previous studies have focused on quantifying the changes in carbon emissions but have failed to identify structural changes in the determinants of carbon emissions. Here, we use the latest input‒output table of China's economy and apply structural decomposition analysis to understand the dynamic changes in the determinants of carbon emissions from 2002 to 2020, specifically the impact of COVID-19 on carbon emissions. We find that the contribution of production structure to carbon emission growth was enlarged due to the pandemic, after a continuous decline since 2007. Lower production efficiency and reliance on carbon intensive inputs indicated the deterioration in production structure. The contribution of per capita consumption to emission growth was decreased because of the economic contraction in the first half of 2020. For policy implications, efforts should be undertaken to increase investment in low-carbon industries and increase the proportion of consumption in GDP to shift the investment-led growth to consumption-led growth for an inclusive and green recovery from the pandemic

A Study of the Relationship Between Teachers’ Perceptions Towards Principal’s Transformational Leadership Style and Organizational Justice at a Junior High School, Chongqing, China

The main purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the teachers’ perceptions towards principal’s transformational leadership style and organizational justice at a Junior High School, Chongqing, China. The research objectives were (1) to identify the level of teachers’ perceptions towards principal’s transformational leadership style, (2) to identify the level of teachers’ perceptions towards organizational justice and, (3) to determine the relationship between teachers’ perceptions towards principal’s transformational leadership style and organizational justice at A Junior High School, Chongqing, China. The total has 91 full-time teachers teaching in different grades from 7th grade, 8th grade and 9th grade during the academic year 2020 (March-August) got involved in this study. This study used Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire developed by Bass & Avolio (1995) and used Organizational Justice Scale adopt by Colquitt (2001) to determine the relationship between teachers’ perceptions towards principal’s transformational leadership style organizational justice at A Junior High School, Chongqing, China. Results of the Pearson correlation indicated that there was a positive significant positive association between teachers’ perceptions towards principal’ s transformational leadership style and organizational justice at a Junior High School, Chongqing, China, r (91) = .697, p = .000

Factors driving China’s carbon emissions after the COVID-19 outbreak

The outbreak of the coronavirus (COVID-19) may exert profound impacts on China's economic development and carbon emissions via structural changes. Due to a lack of data, previous studies have focused on quantifying the changes in carbon emissions but have failed to identify structural changes in the determinants of carbon emissions. Here, we use the latest input‒output table of China's economy and apply structural decomposition analysis to understand the dynamic changes in the determinants of carbon emissions from 2002 to 2020, specifically the impact of COVID-19 on carbon emissions. We find that the contribution of production structure to carbon emission growth was enlarged due to the pandemic, after a continuous decline since 2007. Lower production efficiency and reliance on carbon intensive inputs indicated the deterioration in production structure. The contribution of per capita consumption to emission growth was decreased because of the economic contraction in the first half of 2020. For policy implications, efforts should be undertaken to increase investment in low-carbon industries and increase the proportion of consumption in GDP to shift the investment-led growth to consumption-led growth for an inclusive and green recovery from the pandemic

Mutagenesis analysis of the zinc-finger antiviral protein

BACKGROUND: The zinc-finger antiviral protein (ZAP) specifically inhibits the replication of certain viruses, including murine leukemia virus (MLV), by preventing the accumulation of viral mRNA in the cytoplasm. ZAP directly binds to the viral mRNA through the zinc-finger motifs and recruits the RNA exosome to degrade the target RNA. RNA helicase p72 is required for the optimal function of ZAP. In an attempt to understand the structure-function relationship of ZAP, we performed alanine scanning analysis. RESULTS: A series of ZAP mutants was generated, in which three consecutive amino acids were replaced with three alanines. The mutants were analyzed for their antiviral activities against pseudotyped MLV vector. Out of the nineteen mutants analyzed, seven displayed significantly lower antiviral activities. Two mutations were in the very N-terminal domain, and five mutations were within or around the first and second zinc-finger motifs. These mutants were further analyzed for their abilities to bind to the target RNA, the exosome, and the RNA helicase p72. Mutants Nm3 and Nm63 lost the ability to bind to RNA. Mutants Nm 63 and Nm93 displayed compromised interaction with p72, while the binding of Nm133 to p72 was very modest. The interactions of all the mutants with the exosome were comparable to wild type ZAP. CONCLUSIONS: The integrity of the very N-terminal domain and the first and second zinc-finger motifs appear to be required for ZAP's antiviral activity. Analyses of the mutants for their abilities to interact with the target RNA and RNA helicase p72 confirmed our previous results. The mutants that bind normally to the target RNA, the exosome, and the RNA helicase p72 may be useful tools for further understanding the mechanism underlying ZAP's antiviral activity