(Z)-Isobutyl 2-benzamido-3-(4-chloro­phen­yl)acrylate

The title compound, C20H20ClNO3, is a α-amino acid derivative which displays a Z configuration about the C=C double bond. The dihedral angle betwen the aromatic rings is 87.75 (12)°. The mol­ecular conformation is stabilized by an intra­molecular C—H⋯N hydrogen bond. In the crystal structure, centrosymmetrically related mol­ecules inter­act through inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen-bond inter­actions, forming dimers. The dimers are further linked into chains parallel to the a axis by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The methyl groups of the isopropyl group are disordered over two positions with occupancy factors of 0.5

Single nonmagnetic impurity resonance in FeSe-based 122-type superconductors as a probe for pairing symmetry

We study the effect of a single non-magnetic impurity in A$_{y}$Fe$_{2-x}$Se$_{2}$ (A=K, Rb, or Cs) superconductors by considering various pairing states based on a three-orbital model consistent with the photoemission experiments. The local density of states on and near the impurity site has been calculated by solving the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations self-consistently. The impurity-induced in-gap bound states are found only for attractive impurity scattering potential, as in the cases of doping of Co or Ni, which is characterized by the strong particle-hole asymmetry, in the nodeless $d_{x^2-y^2}$ wave pairing state. This property may be used to probe the pairing symmetry of FeSe-based 122-type superconductors.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figure

Visual Reconstruction and Feature Analysis of the Three-Dimensional Surface of Earthworm

This paper demonstrates a method for visual reconstruction and feature analysis of the three-dimensional surface of earthworm in CATIA (Computer Aided Three Dimensional Interactive Application) and IDL (Interactive Data Language). The earthworm, with a relatively simple surface morphology and good capability in reducing soil adhesion and resistance, was selected to study the feasible methods in the visual reconstruction and feature analysis of the three-dimensional surface of living things. The digital measurements of surfaces of the earthworm were carried out using a three-dimensional laser scanner. Point clouds, the scanning digital data of the surface of the earthworm, were processed by screening unwanted data, reconstructing surface and analysing feature in CATIA. In order to get more detail information about the point clouds, IDL, which integrates a powerful, array-oriented language with numerous mathematical analysis and graphical display techniques, was adopted for the visual reconstruction and feature analysis of three- dimensional surface of the earthworm. Importing of point clouds and reconstruction of the surface of earthworm were conducted in CATIA. Analysis feature of the scanning data and reconstructing surface were carried out in IDL, which provides a high level of flexibility to access, analyse and visualize the data using different methods. Polynomial regression equation of the surface of earthworm in the longitudinal plane was derived. In addition, point clouds were more easily displayed and analysed by resizing, rotating and zooming in IDL. Methods and results presented in this paper prove to be potentially useful for analyzing the feature of biological prototype, optimizing the mathematical model and affording deformable physical model to bionic engineering, those works would have great implications to the research of biological coupling theory and technological creation in bionic engineering. Keywords: Visual Reconstruction; Feature Analysis; Three-Dimensional Surface; Earthworm; CATIA; ID

A school-based comprehensive lifestyle intervention among Chinese kids against Obesity (CLICK-Obesity) in Nanjing City, China: The baseline data

Background: urgent development of effective interventions to prevent rapidly rising childhood obesity in China is needed. Methods: Between May 2010 and December 2013, a cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted among 4 graders in eight urban primary schools randomly assigned to intervention or control groups in Nanjing, China. A multi-component intervention program was implemented within the treatment group, while students in the control group followed their usual health education curriculum without additional intervention. Results: At baseline, 638 and 544 students were enrolled in the intervention and control group, respectively. The prevalence of excess body weight was 26.8%, with 27.4% in the intervention group and 26.1% in the control group (p=0.61). The mean (SD) BMI and WC was 18.7 (3.0) and 63.0 (9.2) for participants in intervention schools, and 18.5 (2.9) and 63.6 (8.7) for students in control group, separately (p=0.24 and 0.41, respectively). Compared to those who were not aware of what lifestyle/behavior factors were unhealthy, students who were aware of the unhealthy lifestyle/ behavior factors consumed fewer fried snacks (0.46±0.76 serves/week vs 0.65±0.91 serves/week;

Effects of replacement of alfalfa by big-leaf mulberry on growth performance, digestion and meat quality in growing rabbits

[EN] This study aimed to investigate the effect of sundried big-leaf mulberry (BLM) as a replacement for alfalfa on the growth performance, digestibility of nutrients, nitrogen (N) utilisation and meat quality in New Zealand White rabbits. One hundred and sixty weaned rabbits, aged 35±1 d and with a body weight of 755±26 g, were randomly assigned to the 4 treatments with 20 replicates of 2 rabbits (1 male and 1 female) each. Animal performance was evaluated between the 35th and 77th d of age in 40 animals per treatment. The coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of nutrients and N utilisation were measured between 77 to 83 d of age in 30 animals per treatment. The control rabbits were fed a corn-soybean meal-alfalfa meal based diet. The three experimental groups were fed a similar diet in which the alfalfa meal was replaced by 10% (BLM10), 20% (BLM20), or 30% (BLM30) BLM. The final body weights and average daily gain were higher (P<0.05) in BLM20 rabbits compared to cThis work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation in Higher Education of Anhui, China (KJ2018A0535), and the fund of Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province of China (1708085QC74).Wu, XZ.; Yang, PL.; Gao, XH.; Wen, ZG.; Dai, SF.; Zhu, MX.; Wang, LX. (2019). Effects of replacement of alfalfa by big-leaf mulberry on growth performance, digestion and meat quality in growing rabbits. World Rabbit Science. 27(4):199-205. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2019.11529OJS199205274Abu Hafsa S., Salem A., Hassan A., Kholif A., Elghandour M., Barbabosa A., Lopez S. 2016. Digestion, growth performance and caecal fermentation in growing rabbits fed diets containing foliage of browse trees. World Rabbit Sci., 24: 283-293. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2016.4359AOAC International. 2005. Official methods of analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 18th ed. Gaithersburg, MD, USA.Blasco A., Ouhayoun J. 1996. Harmonization of criteria and terminology in rabbit meat research. Revised proposal. World Rabbit Sci., 4: 93-99. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.1996.278Calvet S., Estellés F., Hermida B., Blumetto O., Torres A.G. 2008. Experimental balance to estimate efficiency in the use of nitrogen in rabbit breeding. World Rabbit Sci., 16: 205-211. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2008.615CIE, 1976. Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage. Official recommendations on uniform colour spaces, colour difference equations and metric colour terms.Dalle Zotte A., Cullere M., Rémignon H., Alberghini L., Paci G. 2016. Meat physical quality and muscle fibre properties of rabbit meat as affected by the sire breed, season, parity order and gender in an organic production system. World Rabbit Sci., 24: 145-154. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2016.4300Deshmukh S.V., Pathak N.N., Takalikar D.A., Digraskar S.U. 1993. Nutritional effect of mulberry ("morus alba") leaves as sole ration of adult rabbits. World Rabbit Sci., 1: 67-69. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.1993.196Gidenne T., Combes S., Fortun-Lamothe L. 2013. Protein replacement by digestible fibre in the diet of growing rabbits. 1: Impact on digestive balance, nitrogen excretion and microbial activity. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech., 183: 132-141. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.04.022Lounaouci-Ouyed G., Berchiche M., Gidenne T. 2014. Effects of substitution of soybean meal-alfalfa-maize by a combination of field bean or pea with hard wheat bran on digestion and growth performance in rabbits in Algeria. World Rabbit Sci., 22: 137-146. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2014.1487Ma M.R., Liu X.C., Zhu F.H. 2012. Study on biological characteristics and nutritional value of new type forage grass big-leaf mulberry. Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi, 24: 154-155. https://doi.org/10.19386/j.cnki.jxnyxb.2012.07.045Martinez M., Motta W., Cervera C., Pla M. 2005. Feeding mulberry leaves to fattening rabbits: effects on growth, carcass characteristics and meat quality. Animal science (Penicuik, Scotland), 80: 275-281. https://doi.org/10.1079/ASC41110275Mei-Rong M.A., Jin F.H., Dong D., Xiao-Heng W.U., Liu J.X., Polytechnic J. 2014. Effects of Replacing Soybean Meal with Different Levels of Big leaf Mulberry on Growth Performance,Slaughter Performance and Meat Quality in Growing Lambs. Chin. J. Anim. Sci., 50: 40-44. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.0258-7033.2014.07.010Mora-Valverde D. 2010. Consumo de Morera (Morus alba) fresca mezclada con ensilaje de maíz por el ganado Jersey en crecimiento. Agronomía Mesoamericana, 21: 337-341. https://doi.org/10.15517/am.v21i2.4897Nakkitset S., Mikled C., Ledin I. 2008. Effect of Feeding Head Lettuce, Water Spinach, Ruzi grass or Mimosa pigra on Feed Intake, Digestibility and Growth in Rabbits. Asian-Australas J. Anim. Sci., 21: 1171-1177. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2008.70628Ouhayoun J., Dalle Zotte A. 1996. Harmonization of muscle and meat criteria in rabbit meat research. World Rabbit Sci., 4: 211-218. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.1996.297Pérez J.M., Lebas F., Gidenne T., Maertens L., Xiccato G., Parigi-Bini R., Dalle Zotte A. 1995. European reference method for in vivo determination of diet digestibility in rabbits. World Rabbit Sci., 3: 41-43. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.1995.239Rodriguez M., Carro M.D., Valiente V., Formoso-Rafferty N., Rebollar P.G. 2017. Effects of dietary fish oil supplementation on performance, meat quality, and cecal fermentation of growing rabbits. J. Anim. Sci., 95: 3620-3630. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2017.1690Safwat A.M., Sarmiento-Franco L., Santos-Ricalde R.H., Nieves D., Sandoval-Castro C.A. 2015. Estimating Apparent Nutrient Digestibility of Diets Containing Leucaena leucocephala or Moringa oleifera Leaf Meals for Growing Rabbits by Two Methods. Asian-Australas J. Anim. Sci., 28: 1155-1162. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.14.0429Shang S.M., Wu Z.Y., Liu G.Y., Sun C.R., Ma M.W., C. Li F. 2017. Effect of substituting Guinea grass with soybean hulls on production performance and digestion traits in fattening rabbits. World Rabbit Sci., 25: 241. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2017.6654Statistical Analysis System. 2009. SAS/STAT User's Guide 9.2,2 ed. Inst. Inc. Cary NC, USA.Tu Y., Diao Q.Y., Zhang R., Yan G.L., Xiong W. 2009. Analysis on feed nutritive value of hybrid Broussonetia papyrifera leaf. Pratacultural Sci., 13: 30-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/0029-8018(90)90025-2Van Soest P.J., Robertson J.B., Lewis B.A. 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci., 74: 3583-3597. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2Wang Z., He Z., Gan X., Li H. 2018. Interrelationship among ferrous myoglobin, lipid and protein oxidations in rabbit meat during refrigerated and superchilled storage. Meat Sci., 146: 131-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.08.006Xiccato G., 2010. Fat digestion. In: C. de Blas, Wiseman J. eds. Nutrition of the Rabbit (2nd ed). Wallingford, UK: CAB International, 56-66.Zhang X.F., Huang X., Zheng H.C., Wang Z.G., Jiang Y.Q., Liu J.X. 2015. Effects of Replacing Part of Corn, Bran and Soybean Meal with Different Levels of Fermented Bigleaf Mulberry on Growth and Slaughter Performances in Growth-finishing Pigs. Chin. J. Anim. Sci. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.0258-7033.2015.23.01

Single cell epigenomic and transcriptomic analysis uncovers potential transcription factors regulating mitotic/meiotic switch

In order to reveal the complex mechanism governing the mitotic/meiotic switch in female germ cells at epigenomic and genomic levels, we examined the chromatin accessibility (scATAC-seq) and the transcriptional dynamics (scRNA-seq) in germ cells of mouse embryonic ovary between E11.5 to 13.5 at single-cell resolution. Adopting a strict transcription factors (TFs) screening framework that makes it easier to understand the single-cell chromatin signature and a TF interaction algorithm that integrates the transcript levels, chromatin accessibility, and motif scores, we identified 14 TFs potentially regulating the mitotic/meiotic switch, including TCFL5, E2F1, E2F2, E2F6, E2F8, BATF3, SP1, FOS, FOXN3, VEZF1, GBX2, CEBPG, JUND, and TFDP1. Focusing on TCFL5, we constructed Tcfl5(+/-) mice which showed significantly reduced fertility and found that decreasing TCFL5 expression in cultured E12.5 ovaries by RNAi impaired meiotic progression from leptotene to zygotene. Bioinformatics analysis of published results of the embryonic germ cell transcriptome and the finding that in these cells central meiotic genes (Stra8, Tcfl5, Sycp3, and E2f2) possess open chromatin status already at the mitotic stage together with other features of TCFL5 (potential capability to interact with core TFs and activate meiotic genes, its progressive activation after preleptotene, binding sites in the promoter region of E2f2 and Sycp3), indicated extensive amplification of transcriptional programs associated to mitotic/meiotic switch with an important contribution of TCFL5. We conclude that the identified TFs, are involved in various stages of the mitotic/meiotic switch in female germ cells, TCFL5 primarily in meiotic progression. Further investigation on these factors might give a significant contribution to unravel the molecular mechanisms of this fundamental process of oogenesis and provide clues about pathologies in women such as primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) due at least in part to meiotic defects