7,104 research outputs found
Voluntary Disclosure and Earnings Management
Discretion pervades the accounting rules. Proponents argue that allowing discretion enables managers to incorporate more information in their disclosures, while opponents believe that managers can abuse discretion and engage in earnings management at the expense of shareholders. We explicitly model accounting discretion and earnings management in a disclosure setting motivated by Shin (1994). We use this setting to study the interaction between managementâs voluntary disclosure and the subsequent mandatory disclosure of value-relevant information. We show that, in equilibrium, allowing the manager to have some discretion over the mandatory financial reports may enhance the informativeness of the more-timely voluntary disclosure. However, allowing too much discretion for earnings management may result in less informative voluntary disclosure. Thus there may be a hidden benefit of granting some (but not too much) discretion in firmsâ mandatory financial statements
Design and Evaluation of Digital Baseband Converter Sub-channel Delay Compensation Method on Bandwidth Synthesis
The effect of sub-channel delay on bandwidth synthesis is investigated to eliminate the âphase stepâ phenomenon in bandwidth synthesis during the test of CDBE (Chinese Digital Backend). Through formula derivation, we realize that sub-channel delay may cause phase discontinuity between different sub-channels. Theoretical analysis shows that sub-channel delay can induce bandwidth synthesis error in group delay measurement of the linear system. Furthermore, in the differential delay measurement between two stations, bandwidth synthesis error may occur when the LO (Local Oscillator) frequency differences of corresponding sub-channels are not identical. Error-free conditions are discussed under different applications. The phase errors among different sub-channels can be removed manually. However, the most effective way is the compensation of sub-channel delay. A sub-channel delay calculation method based on Modelsim is proposed. The compensation method is detailed. Simulation and field experiments are presented to verify our approach
Semiquantum private comparison via cavity QED
In this paper, we design the first semiquantum private comparison (SQPC)
protocol which is realized via cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) by making
use of the evolution laws of atom. With the help of a semi-honest third party
(TP), the proposed protocol can compare the equality of private inputs from two
semiquantum parties who only have limited quantum capabilities. The proposed
protocol uses product states as initial quantum resource and employs none of
unitary operations, quantum entanglement swapping operation or delay lines.
Security proof turns out that it can defeat both the external attack and the
internal attack.Comment: 16 pages, 2 figures, 2 table
ComCLIP: Training-Free Compositional Image and Text Matching
Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining (CLIP) has demonstrated great
zero-shot performance for image-text matching because of its holistic use of
natural language supervision that covers large-scale, open-world visual
concepts. However, it is still challenging to adapt CLIP to compositional image
and text matching -- a more challenging image and matching mask requiring the
model understanding of compositional word concepts and visual components.
Towards better compositional generalization in zero-shot image and text
matching, in this paper, we study the problem from a causal perspective: the
erroneous semantics of individual entities are essentially confounders that
cause the matching failure. Therefore, we propose a novel training-free
compositional CLIP model (ComCLIP). ComCLIP disentangles input images into
subjects, objects, and action sub-images and composes CLIP's vision encoder and
text encoder to perform evolving matching over compositional text embedding and
sub-image embeddings. In this way, ComCLIP can mitigate spurious correlations
introduced by the pretrained CLIP models and dynamically assess the
contribution of each entity when performing image and text matching.
Experiments on compositional image-text matching on SVO and ComVG and general
image-text retrieval on Flickr8K demonstrate the effectiveness of our
plug-and-play method, which boosts the zero-shot inference ability of CLIP even
without further training or fine-tuning of CLIP
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