β1,6 GlcNAc branches-modified PTPRT attenuates its activity and promotes cell migration by STAT3 pathway.

Receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) are type I transmembrane glycoproteins with N-glycans whose catalytic activities are regulated by dimerization. However, the intrinsic mechanism involved in dimerizing processes remains obscure. In this study, receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase rho (PTPRT) is identified as a novel substrate of N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT-V). We show that addition of β1,6 GlcNAc branches on PTPRT prolongs PTPRT's cell-surface retention time. GnT-V overexpression enhances galectin-3's cell-surface retention and promotes PTPRT's dimerization mediated by galectin-3. Increased dimerization subsequently reduces PTPRT's catalytic activity on the dephosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) at tyrosine residue 705 (pY705 STAT3), then the accumulated pY705 STAT3 translocates into the nucleus. Collectively, these findings provide an insight into the molecular mechanism by which GnT-V promotes cell migration, suggesting that accumulation of β1,6 GlcNAc branched N-glycans promotes PTPRT's dimerization and decreases its catalytic activity, resulting in enhanced cell migratory capacity

Cerebral activity to opposite-sex voices reflected by event-related potentials.

Human voice is a gender discriminating cue and is important to mate selection. This study employed electrophysiological recordings to examine whether there is specific cerebral activity when presented with opposite-sex voices as compared to same-sex voices. Male voices and female voices were pseudo-randomly presented to male and female participants. In Experiment 1, participants were instructed to determine the gender of each voice. A late positivity (LP) response around 750 ms after voice onset was elicited by opposite-sex voices, as reflected by a positive deflection of the ERP to opposite-sex voices than that to same-sex voices. This LP response was prominent around parieto-occipital recording sites, and it suggests an opposite-sex specific process, which may reflect emotion- and/or reward-related cerebral activity. In Experiment 2, participants were instructed to press a key when hearing a non-voice pure tone and not give any response when they heard voice stimuli. In this task, no difference were found between the ERP to same-sex voices and that to opposite-sex voices, suggesting that the cerebral activity to opposite-sex voices may disappear without gender-related attention. These results provide significant implications on cognitive mechanisms with regard to opposite-sex specific voice processing

Representative 2-DE profiles of gallbladder bile proteins from cholesterol cholelithiasis group and control group.

<p>The proteins (250 µg) were subjected to 2-DE system (first dimension, IPG strip, pH 3–10 NL, 13 cm; second dimension, 12% SDS-PAGE). Protein spots were visualized by silver staining and analyzed by ImageMaster™ 2-D Platinum software. The spots marked with arrows indicate the distribution of up-regulated or down-regulated proteins that were successfully identified by MALDI-TOF. The numbers between the two images show the molecular marker (kDa). Annotations in the gels refer to the Spot No. are in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0054489#pone-0054489-t001" target="_blank">Table 2</a>.</p

Clinical characteristics of cholesterol gallstone patients and controls.

a)<p>Continuous variables are presented as mean ± standard deviation.</p>b)<p>ALT = Alanine aminotransferase; AST = Aspartate aminotransferase; BMI = Body Mass Index; CSI = cholesterol saturation index.</p

Differentially expressed proteins between vesicular phase and control micellar phase identified by MALDI-TOF MS.

a)<p>Spot number corresponds to the spot number on <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0054489#pone-0054489-g003" target="_blank">Fig. 3</a>.</p>b)<p>Protein description refers to the name of each matched protein in NCBInr database.</p>c)<p>Accession number is recorded as a reference for the identification in NCBInr database.</p>d)<p>Theoretical Mr/pI means theoretical molecular weight and iso-electric point of the matched protein.</p>e)<p>Matched peptide refers to the number of peptide matched to the candidate protein.</p>f)<p>Sequence coverage is percent of identified sequence to the complete sequence of the candidate protein.</p>g)<p>Spots were identified by MS/MS analysis and the MASCOT score is indicated.</p

Representative 2-DE pattern of gallbladder bile proteins from different phases of cholesterol-phosphatide vesicle and micelle.

<p>The proteins (250 µg) were subjected to 2-DE system (first dimension, IPG strip, pH 3–10 NL, 13 cm; second dimension, 12% SDS-PAGE). Protein spots were visualized by silver staining and analyzed by ImageMaster™ 2-D Platinum software. The spots marked with arrows in the two images indicate the distribution of up-regulated or down-regulated proteins that were successfully identified by MALDI-TOF. The numbers between the two images show the molecular marker (kDa). Annotations in the gels refer to the Spot No. are in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0054489#pone-0054489-t003" target="_blank">Table 3</a>.</p

Differentially expressed proteins of gallbladder bile between cholesterol cholelithiasis group and control group identified by MALDI-TOF MS.

a)<p>Spot number corresponds to the spot number on <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0054489#pone-0054489-g002" target="_blank">Fig. 2</a>.</p>b)<p>Protein description refers to the name of each matched protein in NCBInr database.</p>c)<p>Accession number is recorded as a reference for the identification in NCBInr database.</p>d)<p>Theoretical Mr/pI means theoretical molecular weight and iso-electric point of the matched protein.</p>e)<p>Matched peptide refers to the number of peptide matched to the candidate protein.</p>f)<p>Sequence coverage is percent of identified sequence to the complete sequence of the candidate protein.</p>g)<p>Spots were identified by MS/MS analysis and the MASCOT score is indicated.</p

Health Benefits and Costs of Clean Heating Renovation: An Integrated Assessment in a Major Chinese City

China has been promoting one of the world’s largest campaigns for clean heating renovation since 2017. Here, we present an integrated cost–benefit analysis in a major prefecture-level city by combining a large-scale household energy survey and PM2.5 exposure measurement, high-resolution chemical transport simulation, and health impact assessment. We find that the completed renovation decreases the share of solid fuels in the heating energy mix from 96 to 6% and achieves a concomitant reduction of cooking solid-fuel use by 70%. The completed renovation decreases the ambient PM2.5 concentration in Linfen by 0.5–5 μg m–3 (2.4 μg m–3 on average) and decreases the integrated PM2.5 exposure by 4.2 (3.5–5.0) μg m–3. The renovation is estimated to avoid 162 (125–225) and 328 (254–457) premature deaths annually based on two health impact assessment methods. The ratios of monetized health benefits to cost are 1.51 (0.73–2.59) and 3.06 (1.49–5.23) based on the above two methods. The benefit-to-cost ratio is projected to remain high if the renovation is further expanded. More polluted and less wealthy households enjoy larger health benefits but also experience a higher expense increase, suggesting that a more carefully designed subsidy policy is needed to protect low-income households