Poly[[bis­(μ-4,4′-bipyridine-κ2 N:N′)copper(I)] perchlorate 0.24-hydrate]

The title copper(I) polymeric compound, {[Cu(C10H8N2)2]ClO4·0.24H2O}n, obtained by the reaction of Cu(ClO4)2 and 4,4′-bipyridine (4,4′-bpy) under hydro­thermal conditions, features a fourfold-inter­penetrated diamondoid coordination framework. The asymmetric unit consists of two CuI atoms, three 4,4′-bpy ligands in general positions and two halves of two centrosymmetric 4,4′-bpy ligands, two ClO4 − anions and water mol­ecule with a site-occupancy factor of 0.480 (17). The CuI atoms are in a distorted tetra­hedral coordination environment and are bridged by 4,4′-bpy ligands, forming a diamondoid cationic polymeric framework that encloses two symmetry-independent channels along [100], which accommodate perchlorate anions and water mol­ecules

Methyl 3,4-bis­(cyclo­propyl­meth­oxy)benzoate

The title compound, C16H20O4, was obtained unintentionally as the byproduct of an attempted synthesis of methyl 3-(cyclo­propyl­meth­oxy)-4-hy­droxy­benzoate. In the crystal, the mol­ecules are linked by inter­molecular C—H⋯O inter­actions

Excitatory and inhibitory effects of prolactin release activated by nerve stimulation in rat anterior pituitary

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>A series of studies showed the presence of substantial amount of nerve fibers and their close relationship with the anterior pituitary gland cells. Our previous studies have suggested that aside from the classical theory of humoral regulation, the rat anterior pituitary has direct neural regulation on adrenocorticotropic hormone release. In rat anterior pituitary, typical synapses are found on every type of the hormone-secreting cells, many on lactotrophs. The present study was aimed at investigating the physiological significance of this synaptic relationship on prolactin release.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The anterior pituitary of rat was sliced and stimulated with electrical field in a self-designed perfusion chamber. The perfusate was continuously collected in aliquots and measured by radioimmunoassay for prolactin levels. After statistic analysis, differences of prolactin concentrations within and between groups were outlined.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The results showed that stimulation at frequency of 2 Hz caused a quick enhancement of prolactin release, when stimulated at 10 Hz, prolactin release was found to be inhibited which came slower and lasted longer. The effect of nerve stimulation on prolactin release is diphasic and frequency dependent.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The present in vitro study offers the first physiological evidence that stimulation of nerve fibers can affect prolactin release in rat anterior pituitary. Low frequency stimulation enhances prolactin release and high frequency mainly inhibits it.</p

Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 4, Tumor Necrosis Factor- Alpha, Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 and Effects of Benazepril in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes

Objectives The study aims to explore the relationship between expressions of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on peripheral blood monocytes, serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in patients with acute coronary syndromes(ACS), and to investigate the possible mechanisms of Benazepril stabilizing atherosclerosis plaques. Methods 70 patients selected were randomly divided into Benazepril treatment group (35 patients) and regular treatment group (35 patients). Meanwhile, Stable angina pectoris (SAP) group of 32 patients and control group of 22 patients were also set up. With the help of flow-cytometry, expressions of TLR4 on peripheral blood monocytes of the four groups were analyzed and compared to show differences, correlations and changes of the above mentioned indicators. The concentration of TNF-α and MMP-9 in serum were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results (1) Expressions of TLR4, levels of TNF-α and MMP-9 were increased and the rate was rising from the control group, to SAP group and then to ACS group. All these indicators in ACS group are significantly higher than those in other groups ( P 0.05) while they all fell after treatment ( P < 0.05). In addition, all the indicators decreased more greatly than the regular treatment group. Conclusions TLR4 on peripheral blood monocytes and serum TNF-α and MMP-9 in patients with coronary arteriosclerosis disease may be effective markers of the vulnerable plaque. Benazepril can inhibit over-expression of TLR4 and reduce serum levels of TNF-α and MMP-9, thus stabilize the vulnerable plaques and improve the condition of the patients with ACS

The Static Stress Intensity Factor around the Antiplane Crack in an Infinite FGM Strip

The problem of the static stress intensity factor around antiplane crack in an infinite strip functionally graded material was studied by using the method of integral transform-dual integral equations in this paper. The shear modulus in the two principal directions of the functionally graded material was assumed to vary proportionately as gradient model of double parameters index function. The partial differential equation was first reduced to Euler equation with Fourier cosine transform. By solving dual integral equations that were derived by applying the solution of Euler equation with the method of Copson, stress intensity factor around the crack tip was derived. And the variation curves of the dimensionless stress intensity factor with the strip height, crack length, gradient parameter, and inhomogeneous coefficient are obtained by using the numerical calculation

参地糖脉宁汤对实验性2型糖尿病大鼠肝细胞脂肪变的效应*

Objective: To evaluate effects of Shendi Tang Maining Decoction on steatosis of hepatocyte in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Type 2 diabetes was induced, in female Wistar rats, by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (25 mg/kg BW), fed with high sucrose and high lipid food. Animals were divided into 2 groups, type 2 diabetes control group (T2DMC group; n=12), type 2 diabetes invention group (T2DMI group; n=12). The age and sex matched Wistar rats served as normal control group (NC group, n=12). The rats of T2DMI group were fed with Shendi Tang Maining Decoction [active pharmaceutical ingredient 5mg/(kg BW•d)]. The rat of NC group and T2DMC were fed with cool boiled water. Results: Steatosis of hepatocyte was significant more in every group of type 2 diabetes than NC group (P&lt;0.01). Steatosis of hepatocyte was significant less in T2DNI group than T2DMC group （P&lt;0.01）. Hepatic PAS stain was significant lighter in every group of type 2 diabetes than NC group (P&lt;0.01). Hepatic PAS stain was significant darker in T2DNI group than T2DMC group（P&lt;0.01）. Conclusion: Shendi Tang Maining Decoction can ameliorate steatosis and glycogen quantity of hepatocyte in type 2 diabetes mellitus.目的  评价参地糖脉宁汤对2型糖尿病时肝细胞脂肪变的效应。方法  用小剂量STZ (25 mg/kg BW) 雌性Wistar大鼠腹腔内注射加含高糖和高脂饲料喂养造成实验性2型糖尿病模型，分为二组，2型糖尿病对照组（T2DMC组,n＝12），2型糖尿病干预组（T2DMI组,n＝12）。相同鼠龄的雌性Wistar大鼠作为正常对照组（NC组，n＝12）。T2DMI组用参地糖脉宁汤[原药5g/（kg WD·d）]灌胃；NC组、T2DMC组用凉开水灌胃。观察参地糖脉宁汤对2型糖尿病时肝细胞脂肪变的效应。结果  T2DM各组大鼠肝细胞脂肪变显著多于NC组（P＜0.01），而T2DMI组肝细胞脂肪变显著少于T2DMC组。T2DM各组大鼠肝PAS染色密度显著低于NC组（P＜0.01），而T2DMI组肝细胞PAS染色深度显著高于T2DMC组。结论  参地糖脉宁汤能改善2型糖尿病时的肝细胞脂肪变和糖原含量

Bostrycin inhibits proliferation of human lung carcinoma A549 cells via downregulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Bostrycin is a novel compound isolated from marine fungi that inhibits proliferation of many cancer cells. However, the inhibitory effect of bostrycin on lung cancers has not been reported. This study is to investigate the inhibitory effects and mechanism of bostrycin on human lung cancer cells in vitro.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We used MTT assay, flow cytometry, microarray, real time PCR, and Western blotting to detect the effect of bostrycin on A549 human pulmonary adenocarcinoma cells.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We showed a significant inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in bostrycin-treated lung adenocarcinoma cells. Bostrycin treatment caused cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase. We also found the upregulation of microRNA-638 and microRNA-923 in bostrycin-treated cells. further, we found the downregulation of p110α and p-Akt/PKB proteins and increased activity of p27 protein after bostrycin treatment in A549 cells.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our study indicated that bostrycin had a significant inhibitory effect on proliferation of A549 cells. It is possible that upregulation of microRNA-638 and microRNA-923 and downregulaton of the PI3K/AKT pathway proteins played a role in induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in bostrycin-treated cells.</p

Genome-wide gene responses in a transgenic rice line carrying the maize resistance gene Rxo1 to the rice bacterial streak pathogen, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola

Abstract Background Non-host resistance in rice to its bacterial pathogen, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc), mediated by a maize NBS-LRR type R gene, Rxo1 shows a typical hypersensitive reaction (HR) phenotype, but the molecular mechanism(s) underlying this type of non-host resistance remain largely unknown. Results A microarray experiment was performed to reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying HR of rice to Xoc mediated by Rxo1 using a pair of transgenic and non-transgenic rice lines. Our results indicated that Rxo1 appeared to function in the very early step of the interaction between rice and Xoc, and could specifically activate large numbers of genes involved in signaling pathways leading to HR and some basal defensive pathways such as SA and ET pathways. In the former case, Rxo1 appeared to differ from the typical host R genes in that it could lead to HR without activating NDR1. In the latter cases, Rxo1 was able to induce a unique group of WRKY TF genes and a large set of genes encoding PPR and RRM proteins that share the same G-box in their promoter regions with possible functions in post-transcriptional regulation. Conclusions In conclusion, Rxo1, like most host R genes, was able to trigger HR against Xoc in the heterologous rice plants by activating multiple defensive pathways related to HR, providing useful information on the evolution of plant resistance genes. Maize non-host resistance gene Rxo1 could trigger the pathogen-specific HR in heterologous rice, and ultimately leading to a localized programmed cell death which exhibits the characteristics consistent with those mediated by host resistance genes, but a number of genes encoding pentatricopeptide repeat and RNA recognition motif protein were found specifically up-regulated in the Rxo1 mediated disease resistance. These results add to our understanding the evolution of plant resistance genes.</p

MRI characterization of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors in the maxillofacial region

PURPOSEWe aimed to investigate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) in the maxillofacial region in order to improve diagnostic quality and resection efficacy.MATERIALS AND METHODSTen cases of pathologically identified IMTs were analyzed by MRI. The MRI features were examined, including tumor location, tumor shape, tumor margins, and involvement of the surrounding tissues.RESULTSOf ten masses investigated in this study, eight masses were irregular neoplasms with unclear margins and two masses, in the parotid gland, were regular neoplasms with clear margins. Precontrast T1-weighted images of all ten masses exhibited isointense signals compared to the adjacent tissue, while contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images showed strong enhancement. Six masses were hypointense and four masses were slightly hyperintense in T2-weighted images. Involvement of the adjacent structures was observed in eight of ten cases. Meanwhile, two patients experienced intracranial involvement.CONCLUSIONIMTs are rare tumors in the maxillofacial region, displaying a number of distinct MRI characteristics. Most importantly, they display low T2 signal intensity and strong enhancement, and they frequently invade surrounding structures. Thus, MRI can improve the accuracy of IMT diagnoses and provide critical information for surgical planning

Source and evolution of the ore-forming fluid of the Cuonadong Sn-W-Be polymetallic deposit (southern Tibet, China): constraints from scheelite trace element and Sr isotope geochemistry

The Cuonadong Sn-W-Be polymetallic deposit is the first rare-metal deposit with an extraordinary metallogenic potential that has been discovered in the Tethyan Himalayan metallogenic belt. The deposit shows a wide range of different mineralization types, including greisen-, pegmatite-, skarn-, and hydrothermal vein-type mineralization. Of these mineralization types, the skarn-type has the largest inferred resources. In order to constrain the source and evolution of the ore-forming fluid, we conducted a detailed study of the skarn-hosted scheelite, including cathodoluminescence imaging, in-situ trace elemental analysis, and bulk Sr isotope analysis. In addition, bulk Sr isotope analysis of fluorite, phlogopite 40Ar-39Ar dating, and marble whole-rock geochemical analysis were also conducted. Phlogopite 40Ar-39Ar dating indicates that the skarn was formed at ca. 15 Ma, which is close to the formation age of the Cuonadong muscovite granite reported in previous studies. Cathodoluminescence images indicate that skarn-hosted scheelite can be subdivided into an older type 1 scheelite and a younger type 2 scheelite. Type 1 scheelite is characterized by a negative Eu anomaly, whereas type 2 scheelite shows a positive Eu anomaly. Considering the close temporal and spatial relationship between the Cuonadong Miocene leucogranite and the ore-bearing skarn, and their similar lanthanide tetrad effect as observed in the REE patterns, we propose that the negative Eu anomaly was inherited from the Cuonadong Miocene leucogranite, while the positive Eu anomaly resulted from the addition of Eu2+ to the ore-forming fluid during greisenization. Sr isotope data show that the fluorite (87Sr/86Sr)i value of 0.728885 is within the range of the Cuonadong Miocene leucogranite (87Sr/86Sr)i values, while scheelite (87Sr/86Sr)i values (0.709717-0.713480) are similar to those of the Cuonadong marble (0.709525-0.712146). Since scheelite is intergrown with fluorite, we propose that the hydrothermal fluid that exsolved from the Cuonadong Miocene leucogranite is responsible for formation of both fluorite and scheelite. Water-rock interaction between this magma-derived fluid and the marble is responsible for the loss of the scheelite magmatic Sr isotopic signature.publishedVersio