Experimental realization of three-color entanglement at optical fiber communication and atomic storage wavelengths

Multi-color entangled states of light including low-loss optical fiber transmission and atomic resonance frequencies are essential resources for future quantum information network. We present the experimental achievement on the three-color entanglement generation at 852 nm, 1550 nm and 1440 nm wavelengths for optical continuous variables. The entanglement generation system consists of two cascaded non-degenerated optical parametric oscillators (NOPOs). The flexible selectivity of nonlinear crystals in the two NOPOs and the tunable property of NOPO provide large freedom for the frequency selection of three entangled optical beams, so the present system is possible to be developed as practical devices used for quantum information networks with atomic storage units and long fiber transmission lines.Comment: 4pages, 4 figure

The global warming hiatus: Slowdown or redistribution?

Global mean surface temperatures (GMST) exhibited a smaller rate of warming during 1998-2013, compared to the warming in the latter half of the 20th Century. Although, not a "true" hiatus in the strict definition of the word, this has been termed the "global warming hiatus" by IPCC (2013). There have been other periods that have also been defined as the "hiatus" depending on the analysis. There are a number of uncertainties and knowledge gaps regarding the "hiatus." This report reviews these issues and also posits insights from a collective set of diverse information that helps us understand what we do and do not know. One salient insight is that the GMST phenomenon is a surface characteristic that does not represent a slowdown in warming of the climate system but rather is an energy redistribution within the oceans. Improved understanding of the ocean distribution and redistribution of heat will help better monitor Earth's energy budget and its consequences. A review of recent scientific publications on the "hiatus" shows the difficulty and complexities in pinpointing the oceanic sink of the "missing heat" from the atmosphere and the upper layer of the oceans, which defines the "hiatus." Advances in "hiatus" research and outlooks (recommendations) are given in this report

JefiGPU: Jefimenko's Equations on GPU

We have implemented a GPU version of the Jefimenko's equations -- JefiGPU. Given the proper distributions of the source terms $\rho$ (charge density) and $\mathbf{J}$ (current density) in the source volume, the algorithm gives the electromagnetic fields in the observational region (not necessarily overlaps the vicinity of the sources). To verify the accuracy of the GPU implementation, we have compared the obtained results with that of the theoretical ones. Our results show that the deviations of the GPU results from the theoretical ones are around 5\%. Meanwhile, we have also compared the performance of the GPU implementation with a CPU version. The simulation results indicate that the GPU code is significantly faster than the CPU version. Finally, we have studied the parameter dependence of the execution time and memory consumption on one NVIDIA Tesla V100 card. Our code can be consistently coupled to RBG (Relativistic Boltzmann equations on GPUs) and many other GPU-based algorithms in physics.Comment: 21 pages, 8 figures, 4 table

Identification of hub genes for glaucoma: a study based on bioinformatics analysis and experimental verification

AIM: To explore hub genes for glaucoma based on bioinformatics analysis and an experimental model verification. METHODS: In the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, the GSE25812 and GSE26299 datasets were selected to analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by the GEO2R tool. Through bioinformatics analysis, 9 hub genes were identified. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed to verify whether the hub gene can distinguish glaucoma from normal eyes. The mouse model of glaucoma was constructed, and the real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay was performed to detect the expression levels of hub genes in glaucoma. RESULTS: There were 128 overlapping DEGs in the GSE25812 and GSE26299 datasets, mainly involved in intracellular signalling, cell adhesion molecules and the Ras signalling pathway. A total of 9 hub genes were screened out, including GNAL, BGN, ETS2, FCGP4, MAPK10, MMP15, STAT1, TSPAN8, and VCAM1. The area under the curve (AUC) values of 9 hub genes were greater than 0.8. The PC1 axle could provide a 70.5% interpretation rate to distinguish glaucoma from normal eyes. In the ocular tissues of glaucoma in the mice model, the expression of BGN, ETS2, FCGR4, STAT1, TSPAN8, and VCAM1 was increased, while the expression of GNAL, MAPK10, and MMP15 was decreased. CONCLUSION: Nine hub genes in glaucoma are identified, which may provide new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for glaucoma

FSD-C10, a Fasudil derivative, promotes neuroregeneration through indirect and direct mechanisms.

FSD-C10, a Fasudil derivative, was shown to reduce severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), through the modulation of the immune response and induction of neuroprotective molecules in the central nervous system (CNS). However, whether FSD-C10 can promote neuroregeneration remains unknown. In this study, we further analyzed the effect of FSD-C10 on neuroprotection and remyelination. FSD-C10-treated mice showed a longer, thicker and more intense MAP2 and synaptophysin positive signal in the CNS, with significantly fewer CD4(+) T cells, macrophages and microglia. Importantly, the CNS of FSD-C10-treated mice showed a shift of activated macrophages/microglia from the type 1 to type 2 status, elevated numbers of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and oligodendrocytes, and increased levels of neurotrophic factors NT-3, GDNF and BDNF. FSD-C10-treated microglia significantly inhibited Th1/Th17 cell differentiation and increased the number of IL-10(+) CD4(+) T cells, and the conditioned medium from FSD-C10-treated microglia promoted OPC survival and oligodendrocyte maturation. Addition of FSD-C10 directly promoted remyelination in a chemical-induced demyelination model on organotypic slice culture, in a BDNF-dependent manner. Together, these findings demonstrate that FSD-C10 promotes neural repair through mechanisms that involved both immunomodulation and induction of neurotrophic factors

Multi-omics analysis provides new insights into the changes of important nutrients and fructose metabolism in loquat bud sport mutant

Bud sport is a common and stable somatic variation in perennial fruit trees, and often leads to significant modification of fruit traits and affects the breeding value. To investigate the impact of bud sport on the main metabolites in the fruit of white-fleshed loquat, we conducted a multi-omics analysis of loquat fruits at different developmental stages of a white-fleshed bud sport mutant of Dongting loquat (TBW) and its wild type (TBY). The findings from the detection of main fruit quality indices and metabolites suggested that bud sport resulted in a reduction in the accumulation of carotenoids, fructose, titratable acid and terpenoids at the mature stage of TBW, while leading to the accumulation of flavonoids, phenolic acids, amino acids and lipids. The comparably low content of titratable acid further enhances the balanced and pleasent taste profile of TBW. Expression patterns of differentially expressed genes involved in fructose metabolism exhibited a significant increase in the expression level of S6PDH (EVM0006243, EVM0044405) prior to fruit maturation. The comparison of protein sequences and promoter region of S6PDH between TBY and TBW revealed no structural variations that would impact gene function or expression, indicating that transcription factors may be responsible for the rapid up-regulation of S6PDH before maturation. Furthermore, correlation analysis helped to construct a comprehensive regulatory network of fructose metabolism in loquat, including 23 transcription factors, six structural genes, and nine saccharides. Based on the regulatory network and existing studies, it could be inferred that transcription factors such as ERF, NAC, MYB, GRAS, and bZIP may promote fructose accumulation in loquat flesh by positively regulating S6PDH. These findings improve our understanding of the nutritional value and breeding potential of white-fleshed loquat bud sport mutant, as well as serve as a foundation for exploring the genes and transcription factors that regulate fructose metabolism in loquat

Ophiopogon japonicas (Linn. f.) Ker-Gawl. extract ameliorates chronic heart failure in rats

Purpose: To investigate the effect of Ophiopogon japonicas (Linn. f.) Ker-Gawl. extract (OJKE) on oxidative stress and hemodynamics in chronic congestive heart failure (CHF) rats. Methods: The rats were modelled to congestive heart failure (except normal group) , and then randomly divided into normal control group, model (untreated) group, captopril group, high-dose, middle-dose and low-dose of OJKE groups. They were treated for 4 weeks as appropriate for each group. At the end of treatment, the hemodynamic function, whole heart weight index, and blood creatinine kinase (CK), as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), nitricoxide synthase (NOS) were determined. Results: Compared with the normal control group, arterial systolic pressure (SBP), diastolic pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), left ventricular systolic peak (LVSP), and left ventricular pressure change rate (dp/dt max) significantly decreased (p < 0.05), while left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP), whole heart weight index, blood CK, MDA, NO, NOS significantly increased in the untreated group (p < 0.05). A high dose of OJKE significantly improved hemodynamic function, lowered MDA (8.33 ± 2.12 nmol/mL) and NO (20.58 ± 3.53 umol/L) levels (p < 0.05), and also decreased CK (0.53±0.37 U/mL) and NOS (22.46±3.29 U/mL) in CHF rats (p < 0.05). Conclusion: OJKE improved adriamycin-induced chronic congestive heart failure in rats significantly