Trion Species-Resolved Quantum Beats in MoSe2

Monolayer photonic materials offer a tremendous potential for on-chip optoelectronic devices. Their realization requires knowledge of optical coherence properties of excitons and trions that have so far been limited to nonlinear optical experiments carried out with strongly inhomogenously broadened material. Here we employ h-BN encapsulated and electrically gated MoSe2 to reveal coherence properties of trion-species directly in the linear optical response. Autocorrelation measurements reveal long dephasing times up to T2=1.16+-0.05 ps for positively charged excitons. Gate dependent measurements provide evidence that the positively-charged trion forms via spatially localized hole states making this trion less prone to dephasing in the presence of elevated hole carrier concentrations. Quantum beat signatures demonstrate coherent coupling between excitons and trions that have a dephasing time up to 0.6 ps, a two-fold increase over those in previous reports. A key merit of the prolonged exciton/trion coherences is that they were achieved in a linear optical experiment, and thus are directly relevant to applications in nanolasers, coherent control, and on-chip quantum information processing requiring long photon coherence.Comment: 21 pages, 6 figures, 2 SOI figure

Auditor of State Mary Mosiman today released a reaudit report on the Mason City Community School District (District) for the period July 1, 2014 through June 30, 2015. The reaudit also covered items applicable to the years ended June 30, 2016 and June 30, 2017.

Auditor of State Mary Mosiman today released a reaudit report on the Mason City Community School District (District) for the period July 1, 2014 through June 30, 2015. The reaudit also covered items applicable to the years ended June 30, 2016 and June 30, 2017

Primer registro de anomalía intersexual gonadal de Trachurus mediterraneus (Steindachner, 1868) desde el Mar de Alborán.

El objetivo principal de este trabajo es dar a conocer el primer registro de una anomalía intersexual gonadal de Trachurus mediterraneus desde el mar de Alborán (Mediterráneo occidental). Este espécimen es el primer registro de intersexualidad para un jurel en el mundo.Postprin

Tuning Temperature Dependence of Dopant Luminescence via Local Lattice Strain in Core/Shell Nanocrystal Structure

We report the tunable temperature dependence of Mn luminescence spectral characteristics (peak position and bandwidth) in Mn-doped CdS/ZnS core/shell nanocrystals via controlled local lattice strain at the dopant site that affects the local vibronic coupling and local thermal expansion. The lattice mismatch at the core/shell interface creates a gradient of lattice strain in the shell along the radial direction that allows varying the local lattice strain at the Mn²⁺ site via the controlled radial doping location. Increasing the local lattice strain at the Mn²⁺ site results in the stronger temperature broadening of Mn luminescence bandwidth due to the increasing softening of the vibrational mode coupled to Mn²⁺ ligand field transition. Larger local lattice strain also causes a stronger temperature dependence of the luminescence peak, which indicates the enhanced local thermal expansion at the dopant site

A Hot Electron–Hole Pair Breaks the Symmetry of a Semiconductor Quantum Dot

The best-understood property of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) is the size-dependent optical transition energies due to the quantization of charge carriers near the band edges. In contrast, much less is known about the nature of hot electron–hole pairs resulting from optical excitation significantly above the bandgap. Here, we show a transient Stark effect imposed by a hot electron–hole pair on optical transitions in PbSe QDs. The hot electron–hole pair does not behave as an exciton, but more bulk-like as independent carriers, resulting in a transient and varying dipole moment which breaks the symmetry of the QD. As a result, we observe redistribution of optical transition strength to dipole forbidden transitions and the broadening of dipole-allowed transitions during the picosecond lifetime of the hot carriers. The magnitude of symmetry breaking scales with the amount of excess energy of the hot carriers, diminishes as the hot carriers cool down and disappears as the hot electron–hole pair becomes an exciton. Such a transient Stark effect should be of general significance to the understanding of QD photophysics above the bandgap

Systemic Responses of BALB/c Mice to <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> Infection

<i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> is a bacterial pathogen that poses a great threat to humans and animals. In order to discover hosts’ responses to <i>S. typhimurium</i> infection, we collected and analyzed biofluids and organ tissues from mice which had ingested <i>S. typhimurium</i>. We employed ¹H NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate data analysis and immunological techniques. The results indicate that infection leads to a severe impact on mice spleen and ileum, which are characterized by splenomegaly and edematous villi, respectively. We found that increased levels of itaconic acid were correlated with the presence of splenomegaly during infection and may play an important role in <i>Salmonella</i>-containing vacuole acidification. In addition, metabonomic analyses of urine displayed the development of salmonellosis in mice, which is characterized by dynamic changes in energy metabolism. Furthermore, we found that the presence of <i>S. typhimurium</i> activated an anti-oxidative response in infected mice. We also observed changes in the gut microbial co-metabolites (hippurate, TMAO, TMA, methylamine). This investigation sheds much needed light on the host–pathogen interactions of <i>S. typhimurium</i>, providing further information to deepen our understanding of the long co-evolution process between hosts and infective bacteria

Evaluation of New Reference Genes in Papaya for Accurate Transcript Normalization under Different Experimental Conditions

<div><p>Real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) is a preferred method for rapid and accurate quantification of gene expression studies. Appropriate application of RT-qPCR requires accurate normalization though the use of reference genes. As no single reference gene is universally suitable for all experiments, thus reference gene(s) validation under different experimental conditions is crucial for RT-qPCR analysis. To date, only a few studies on reference genes have been done in other plants but none in papaya. In the present work, we selected 21 candidate reference genes, and evaluated their expression stability in 246 papaya fruit samples using three algorithms, geNorm, NormFinder and RefFinder. The samples consisted of 13 sets collected under different experimental conditions, including various tissues, different storage temperatures, different cultivars, developmental stages, postharvest ripening, modified atmosphere packaging, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment, hot water treatment, biotic stress and hormone treatment. Our results demonstrated that expression stability varied greatly between reference genes and that different suitable reference gene(s) or combination of reference genes for normalization should be validated according to the experimental conditions. In general, the internal reference genes <em>EIF</em> (Eukaryotic initiation factor 4A), <em>TBP1</em> (TATA binding protein 1) and <em>TBP2</em> (TATA binding protein 2) genes had a good performance under most experimental conditions, whereas the most widely present used reference genes, <em>ACTIN</em> (Actin 2), <em>18S rRNA</em> (18S ribosomal RNA) and <em>GAPDH</em> (Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) were not suitable in many experimental conditions. In addition, two commonly used programs, geNorm and Normfinder, were proved sufficient for the validation. This work provides the first systematic analysis for the selection of superior reference genes for accurate transcript normalization in papaya under different experimental conditions.</p> </div

Summary of the experimental conditions and samples used in present study.

<p>#indicated that the sample dates including two types: two treatments were 6 and one was 7.</p

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Coloring index and photographs of papaya fruit during low temperature storage and ripening at 25°C after exogenous ethylene treatment.

<p>A, coloring index; B, photographs. 12°C, stored at 12°C; 7°C, stored at 7°C; 0 d 25°C EA,without low temperature storage and directly treated with exogenous ethylene for ripening at 25°C; low temperature storage, at 12°C or 7°C storage; 25 d EA, treated with exogenous ethylene after 25 days at low temperature-storage; 30 d EA, treated with exogenous ethylene after 30 days at low temperature-storage. The values presented were obtained from 3 independent biological replicates.</p