187 research outputs found
Abordagem da história da ciência na construção de um terrário, numa perspetiva de educação para o desenvolvimento sustentável
Mestrado em Ensino de Biologia e Geologia no 3º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e no Ensino SecundárioEm Portugal, avanços têm-se feito notar no que toca à tecnologia, o que leva a que novas aptidões e competências sejam desenvolvidas pelos cidadãos de forma a adaptarem-se à Era da informação. Para tal, é necessário que os alunos saiam já bem preparados das escolas de modo a que as suas aprendizagens atendam a essas mudanças, pois o ensino também implica mudança, evolução e crescimento, não só por parte dos estudantes mas também dos professores, das escolas e de todos os órgãos associados. Desta forma, vários métodos poderão ser implementados nas salas de aulas e um deles é a abordagem à História da Ciência.
O presente trabalho investigativo procurou conhecer quais as aprendizagens, comportamentos e atitudes que os alunos desenvolveram ao longo das aulas, dando a conhecer os contributos que a construção de um terrário, através da História da Ciência, pode levar à educação de cidadãos informados, numa perspetiva de Educação para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável.
A abordagem foi aplicada a alunos do 8.º ano, na disciplina de Ciências Naturais, utilizando várias técnicas e instrumentos de recolha de dados, nomeadamente, a observação, a análise documental e questionário.
O recurso à construção e utilização de um material didático-pedagógico e a abordagem à História da Ciência, permitiram cativar o interesse dos alunos e centraliza-los no processo de ensino e de aprendizagem, no qual o aluno tem o principal papel. Dessa forma, foi possível averiguar como se contextualizam as aprendizagens através da abordagem utilizada, recolher e descrever as perspetivas dos alunos e em desenvolver as aprendizagens, comportamentos e atitudes, numa perspetiva de Educação para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável.In Portugal, advances have been made when it comes to Technology, which leads to new skills and competences to be developed by citizens in order to adapt to the Information age. To this end, it is necessary that students need to be well prepared when they conclude their studies, so that their acquired knowledge could meet these changes, for the teaching also implies changes, evolution and growth, not only by students but also by teachers, schools and all the associated teaching groups. This way, various methods can be implemented in the classroom and one of them is the approach to the History of Science.
This research work was aimed to know which learnings, behaviors and attitudes that students developed during the lessons, so that it could be possible to publish the contribution of the construction of a terrarium, based in the History of Science, leading to the education of informed citizens, in a perspective of an Education for Sustainable Development.
The approach was applied to 8th grade students, in the discipline of Natural Sciences, using various techniques and data collection instruments, like observation, documental analysis and a questionnaire.
Building and using didactic-pedagogic material and applying History of Science knowledge, allowed to captivate the students' interest and it helped centralizing them in the process of teaching and learning, in which the student has the main role. Thus, it was possible to find out how to contextualize the learning through the used approaches, to collect and describe the perspectives of the students and developing the learning subject, behaviors and attitudes on a perspective of Education for the Sustainable Development
DataSheet_2_Efficacy and safety of non-invasive brain stimulation in combination with antidepressants in adolescents with depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis.docx
ObjectiveNon-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) is beneficial to adult patients with depression, but its safety and efficacy in combination with antidepressants in children and adolescents with depression are not clear. We conducted a preliminary meta-analysis to objectively evaluate its clinical effect and provide information for future research and clinical practice.MethodsPubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science were searched systematically to find clinical trials published in English before April 11, 2023. Stata software was used for meta-analysis, and random or fixed effect models were used to combine effect sizes.ResultsNine studies were eligible and included (n = 393). No articles about children were included in the analysis. The results showed that the remission rate was 40% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 13% to 71%). The scores of Children’s Depression Rating Scale (CRDS) and Hamilton’s depression scale (HAMD) significantly decreased compared to baseline value (MD = -27.04, 95% CI: -30.95, -23.12 and MD = -12.78, 95% CI: -19.55 to -6.01). In addition, the incidence of all adverse events was 13% (95% CI: 5%, 23%), and all were minor pain-related events.ConclusionThe combination of NIBS and antidepressants has been shown to notably alleviate depressive symptoms in adolescents, offering a considerable level of safety. This therapeutic synergy is particularly effective in patients with major depressive disorder, where repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation augmented with antidepressants can enhance the amelioration of depressive symptoms.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023442215, PROSPERO CRD42023442215.</p
DataSheet_1_Efficacy and safety of non-invasive brain stimulation in combination with antidepressants in adolescents with depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis.docx
ObjectiveNon-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) is beneficial to adult patients with depression, but its safety and efficacy in combination with antidepressants in children and adolescents with depression are not clear. We conducted a preliminary meta-analysis to objectively evaluate its clinical effect and provide information for future research and clinical practice.MethodsPubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science were searched systematically to find clinical trials published in English before April 11, 2023. Stata software was used for meta-analysis, and random or fixed effect models were used to combine effect sizes.ResultsNine studies were eligible and included (n = 393). No articles about children were included in the analysis. The results showed that the remission rate was 40% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 13% to 71%). The scores of Children’s Depression Rating Scale (CRDS) and Hamilton’s depression scale (HAMD) significantly decreased compared to baseline value (MD = -27.04, 95% CI: -30.95, -23.12 and MD = -12.78, 95% CI: -19.55 to -6.01). In addition, the incidence of all adverse events was 13% (95% CI: 5%, 23%), and all were minor pain-related events.ConclusionThe combination of NIBS and antidepressants has been shown to notably alleviate depressive symptoms in adolescents, offering a considerable level of safety. This therapeutic synergy is particularly effective in patients with major depressive disorder, where repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation augmented with antidepressants can enhance the amelioration of depressive symptoms.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023442215, PROSPERO CRD42023442215.</p
A general designing approach for polarization-independent photonic on-chip systems
Due to that the polarization states in optical fibers change randomly during transmission, polarization-independent (PID) devices are demanded to receive lights with arbitrary polarization states. Compared with their orthogonal polarization states, the optical profiles of various modes of the same polarization are similar, and their directions of the main electric field are same. Therefore, it's much easier to design PID devices using multi-modes of one polarization state instead of orthogonal polarizations. This paper firstly presents a scalable method to achieve PID devices and systems by transforming the light orthogonal polarization states into one polarization with different modes. Taking thermo-optical switches as an example, the PDL of the fabricated 2 x 2 switch cell was about 0.8 dB at 1300-1360 nm, and its extinction ratio (ER) was larger than 19 dB for both polarizations. A 4 x 4 switch was also demonstrated and its function of dual polarization switching was implemented, whose ER was larger than 11 dB for both polarizations. This method has potential in constructing PID on-chip systems for optical communications, optical interconnections, etc
Acute nephrotoxicity of aristolochic acid <i>in vitro</i>: metabolomics study for intracellular metabolic time-course changes
<p>Time-course metabolic changes of aristolochic acid nephrotoxicity (AAN) was investigated using acute AAN HK-2 model. And the AAN-related biomarkers were selected. In the results, 11 potential identified biomarkers were selected and validated using multivariate method combined with time-course analysis. Several metabolic pathways, including vitamin metabolism, lipids acalytion, trytophan metabolism and protein degradation were found to be associated with AAN pathology. This research will provide a valuable reference for the discovery of more potential biomarkers of AAN progression in clinic.</p
Template-Oriented Synthesis of Nitrogen-Enriched Porous Carbon Nanowhisker by Hollow TiO<sub>2</sub> Spheres Nanothorns for Methanol Electrooxidation
Boosting
the electrocatalytic property of catalyst by controlling the structure
and composition is extremely important for fuel cells commercialization.
We present herein a facile template-oriented strategy to controllably
fabricate one-dimensional (1D) nitrogen-enriched hierarchical porous
carbon nanowhisker (N-HPCN-T, T = 700, 800, and 900) through an efficient
hollow TiO<sub>2</sub> (H-TiO<sub>2</sub>) spheres nanothorns (H-TiO<sub>2</sub>/N-HPCN-T). This strategy not only effectively provides an
interconnected 3D porous architecture (hollow micro/dual-meso-porous
and 1D nanowhisker) but also significantly improves the specific surface
area and electrical conductivity of TiO<sub>2</sub> materials. The
growth mechanism of polyaniline nanowhisker and the effect of experimental
parameters have been systematically studied, and then a “template-oriented
mechanism” for the nanowhisker growth is proposed. Pt nanoparticles
are deposited on H-TiO<sub>2</sub>/N-HPCN-T supports using a microwave-assisted
polyol process (Pt/H-TiO<sub>2</sub>@N-HPCN-T). Because of their unique
structural features and superior composition advantages, the resulting
Pt/H-TiO<sub>2</sub>@N-HPCN-800 electrocatalyst exhibits desirable
electrocatalytic performance toward methanol electrooxidation, including
high catalytic activity, outstanding stability and superior poison
tolerance. Our findings open up new possibility to design advanced
1D hierarchical carbon support, which is conducive to solve the current
bottlenecks of fuel cell technologies
Drug-Loaded PLGA Electrospraying Porous Microspheres for the Local Therapy of Primary Lung Cancer via Pulmonary Delivery
Nonsmall-cell lung
cancer is a severe disease with high morbidity
and mortality. However, the systemic administration of anticancer
drugs generally leads to serious toxicity and low anti-lung cancer
efficiency because of very limited drug distribution in the lung.
In our previous research, we have confirmed the high anti-lung cancer
effect of inhalable oridonin microparticles in spite of their long
and complicated preparation process. Here, we develop a novel, simple,
and quick method for preparing inhalable oridonin-loaded poly(d,l-lactic-<i>co</i>-glycolic)acid (PLGA)
porous microspheres using the electrospraying technique. The formulation
and preparation processes were screened. The electrospraying porous
microspheres (EPMs) were rough, porous, and suitable for pulmonary
delivery. Most of the oridonin was released from the EPMs within 20
h based on drug diffusion and via PLGA erosion. The EPMs exhibited
efficient lung deposition in vitro and in vivo because of their ideal
aerodynamic diameters. Chemical carcinogens were used to prepare primary
lung cancer rat models by direct pulmonary delivery. The EPMs showed
high anti-lung cancer effect after pulmonary delivery according to
CT images and pathology. Inhibition of angiogenesis and enhancement
of lung cancer cell apoptosis could be the major anticancer mechanism.
Electrospraying is an efficient method for the preparation of inhalable
drug-loaded porous microspheres. The oridonin-loaded EPMs are promising
dry powder inhalers for the local therapy of primary lung cancer
Efficient Lithium Dendrite Control and Intimate Li/Garnet Interface Built through a Carbonized Metal–Organic Framework Layer
Solid garnet-electrolyte-based lithium metal batteries
with electrochemical
stability and high ionic conductivity are ideal electrolyte materials
for the next generation of high-energy devices. However, the limited
interfacial contact between garnet electrolyte and Li anode, as well
as the huge volume change of the Li anode during successive lithium-ion
plating/stripping processes, limit their application. Here, we demonstrate
an exceedingly simple and effective strategy for simultaneously restricting
volume change and ensuring intimate contact at the lithium/garnet
interface through a carbonized metal–organic framework (CMOF)
layer. The abundant Zn clusters in the CMOF layer interact with the
molten Li metal (Li-CMOF) to form a tight interfacial contact between
the Li metal and the Li6.75La3Zr1.75Ta0.25O12 (LLZTO) pellet, which acts as a nucleation
site to guide the lithium deposition, thus ensuring the homogeneous
distribution of the electric field and lithium-ion fluxes and preventing
the formation of lithium dendrites. As a result, the Li-CMOF/LLZTO/Li-CMOF
symmetric cell can be steadily cycled for more than 1000 h without
short-circuiting at 0.1 mA cm–2/0.1 mAh cm–2, and the Li-CMOF/LLZTO/NCM811 cell exhibits superior cycling stability
at 0.5C for 100 cycles. This work provides a strategy to simultaneously
improve the interface wettability at the interface with Li and endure
the Li metal volume change via the CMOF layer coated on the surface
of the garnet electrolyte
Enhanced poly(L-malic acid) production from pretreated cane molasses by <i>Aureobasidium pullulans</i> in fed-batch fermentation
<p>Poly(L-malic acid) (PMA) is a natural polyester with many attractive properties for biomedical application. However, the cost of PMA production is high when glucose is used as a carbon source. To solve this problem, cane molasses as a low-cost feedstock was applied for the production of PMA. Six pretreatment methods were applied to cane molasses before fermentation. Pretreatment with combined tricalcium phosphate, potassium ferrocyanide, and sulfuric acid (TPFSA) removed significant amounts of metal ions from cane molasses. The PMA concentration increased from 5.4 g/L (untreated molasses) to 36.9 g/L (TPFSA-pretreated molasses) after fermentation in shake flasks. A fed-batch fermentation strategy was then developed. In this method, TPFSA-pretreated cane molasses solution was continuously fed into the fermentor to maintain the total sugar concentration at 20 g/L. This technique generated approximately 95.4 g/L PMA with a productivity of 0.57 g/L/hr. The present study indicated that fed-batch fermentation using pretreated cane molasses is a feasible technique for producing high amounts of PMA.</p
Stability of Newton Black Films Under Mechanical Stretch – A Molecular Dynamics Study
The stability of Newton black films
(NBFs) under lateral mechanical
stretch was investigated by nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD)
simulations using force field parameters validated by accurate prediction
of surface tensions. The applied strains accelerated film ruptures,
enabling efficient measurements of the critical thicknesses of the
films. Two representative surfactants, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)
for ionic surfactant and pentaethylene glycol monododecyl ether (C<sub>12</sub>EO<sub>5</sub>H) for nonionic surfactant, were investigated
and compared. The predicted critical thickness of C<sub>12</sub>EO<sub>5</sub>H-coated film is smaller than that of the SDS-coated film,
which is consistent with previously reported experimental observations.
Our simulation results show that while the two surfactant-coated films
exhibit similar dynamic properties attributed to the Marangoni–Gibbs
effect, their surface structural characteristics are quite different.
Consequently the two films demonstrate distinct rupture mechanisms
in which rupture starts at uncovered water domains in the SDS-coated
film, but at lateral surfactant/water interfaces in the C<sub>12</sub>EO<sub>5</sub>H-coated film. Our findings provide new insights into
the stabilization mechanisms of NBFs and will facilitate the design
and development of new films with improved properties
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