An analysis of the driving forces of energy-related carbon dioxide emissions in China’s industrial sector

据爱思唯尔（Elsevier）最新公布的2017年度Energy Connect China显示：2017年12月，厦门大学管理学院中国能源政策研究院院长林伯强教授为通讯作者的来自期刊Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews的学术论文“An analysis of the driving forces of energy-related carbon dioxide emissions in China’s industrial sector”入选爱思唯尔（Elsevier）公布的能源领域期刊中国作者高被引文章。【Abstract】Both energy consumption and the growth of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) emissions in China are attributed to the industrial sector. Energy conservation and CO2 emissions reduction in China's industrial sector is decisive for achieving a low-carbon transition. We analyze the change of energy-related CO2 emissions in China's industrial sector from 1991 to 2010 based on the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) method. Results indicate that industrial activity is the major factor that contributes to the increase of industrial CO2 emissions while energy intensity is the major contributor to the decrease of CO2 emissions. Industry size shows a varying trend interchanging intervals of growth along the study period. Moreover, both energy mix and carbon intensity of energy use have negative effects on the increase of CO2 emissions. The cointegration method is adopted to further explore determinants of CO2 emissions in China's industrial sector. Results show that there exists a long-run relationship between industrial CO2 emissions and affecting factors such as CO2 emissions per unit of energy consumption, industrial value added, labor productivity and fossil fuel consumption. China's industrial CO2 emissions are mainly attributed to the coal-dominated energy structure. Policy suggestions are thus provided to reduce industrial CO2 emissions in China.The paper is supported by Newhuadu Business School Research Fund, Ministry of Education (Grant No. 10JBG013, 14YJC630026), Social Science Foundation (Grant No.12&ZD059) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 71472065)

Accounting of value of ecosystem services in the desert: an example of the Kubuqi Desert ecosystem

Ecological products and ecosystem services are essential for human survival and development. Gross Ecosystem Product (GEP) is a method to combine the value of ecosystem services and can reflect the status of ecosystem and ecological conservation and restoration performance. The conservation and restoration of desert ecosystems play an important role in expanding global cultivated land, ensuring food security, and improving human wellbeing. However, ecosystem services and the value of GEP in deserts have been neglected. Taking the Kubuqi Desert ecosystem as an example, this study evaluated the pattens, GEP value, and its change in the Kubuqi Desert ecosystem from 2000 to 2020. Our study found that 1) over the past 20 years, the areas of wetlands, forests, grasslands, and shrubs in the Kubuqi desert ecosystem had increased by 100.65%, 6.05%, 2.24%, and 2.03%, respectively, while that of desert had decreased by 10.62%; 2) the GEP of Kubuqi in 2020 was 55.48 billion CNY, among which its sandstorm prevention value was the highest (39.39%); 3) The value of ecosystem services in the Kubuqi desert ecosystem were all increased over the 20-year period and the largest increase came from sandstorm prevention (increased by 195.09%). This study emphasizes how GEP accounting can promote desert conservation and restoration, quantifies the contribution of desert ecosystems to human wellbeing, and provides future GEP accounting suggestions for desert ecosystems. This study can provide scientific information on the conservation and restoration of global desert ecosystems

A novel hybrid energy system combined with solar-road and soil-regenerator: Dynamic model and operational performance

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version, made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License CC BY NC-ND 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Under embargo until 26 November 2018. The final, definitive version of this article is available online at doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.11.066.Solar roads are emergent and huge energy source in traffic domains. To improve the energy utilization efficiency of a solar road, a novel solar-road and soil-regenerator hybrid energy system in combination with conventional photovoltaic-thermal and soil heat storage technology was proposed. A mathematical model of the solar-road and soil-regenerator hybrid energy system was developed, validated, and applied to evaluate the thermal storage and power generation performance of the proposed system in cold regions. The results indicated that for critical thermal storage temperatures of 20, 30, and 40 °C, the proposed system decreased maximum photovoltaic cell temperatures by 24.09, 25.84, and 24.42 °C and increased electrical efficiencies by 6.85, 6.68, and 4.53%, respectively, compared with conventional solar roads. By storing heat in the soil and elevating soil temperatures, the proposed system also increased the average borehole wall temperatures by 2.93, 2.26, 1.87 °C. The proposed system produced overall energy efficiencies of 48.42, 55.47, and 66.58%, while conventional solar road efficiencies approximate 10.75%.Peer reviewe

Computational Analysis of the Spatiotemporal Coordination of Polarized PI3K and Rac1 Activities in Micro-Patterned Live Cells

Polarized molecular activities play important roles in guiding the cell toward persistent and directional migration. In this study, the polarized distributions of the activities of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and the Rac1 small GTPase were monitored using chimeric fluorescent proteins (FPs) in cells constrained on micro-patterned strips, with one end connecting to a neighboring cell (junction end) and the other end free of cell-cell contact (free end). The recorded spatiotemporal dynamics of the fluorescent intensity from different cells was scaled into a uniform coordinate system and applied to compute the molecular activity landscapes in space and time. The results revealed different polarization patterns of PI3K and Rac1 activity induced by the growth factor stimulation. The maximal intensity of different FPs, and the edge position and velocity at the free end were further quantified to analyze their correlation and decipher the underlying signaling sequence. The results suggest that the initiation of the edge extension occurred before the activation of PI3K, which led to a stable extension of the free end followed by the Rac1 activation. Therefore, the results support a concerted coordination of sequential signaling events and edge dynamics, underscoring the important roles played by PI3K activity at the free end in regulating the stable lamellipodia extension and cell migration. Meanwhile, the quantification methods and accompanying software developed can provide a convenient and powerful computational analysis platform for the study of spatiotemporal molecular distribution and hierarchy in live cells based on fluorescence images

Effects of Anacetrapib in Patients with Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease

BACKGROUND: Patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease remain at high risk for cardiovascular events despite effective statin-based treatment of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. The inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) by anacetrapib reduces LDL cholesterol levels and increases high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. However, trials of other CETP inhibitors have shown neutral or adverse effects on cardiovascular outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 30,449 adults with atherosclerotic vascular disease who were receiving intensive atorvastatin therapy and who had a mean LDL cholesterol level of 61 mg per deciliter (1.58 mmol per liter), a mean non-HDL cholesterol level of 92 mg per deciliter (2.38 mmol per liter), and a mean HDL cholesterol level of 40 mg per deciliter (1.03 mmol per liter). The patients were assigned to receive either 100 mg of anacetrapib once daily (15,225 patients) or matching placebo (15,224 patients). The primary outcome was the first major coronary event, a composite of coronary death, myocardial infarction, or coronary revascularization. RESULTS: During the median follow-up period of 4.1 years, the primary outcome occurred in significantly fewer patients in the anacetrapib group than in the placebo group (1640 of 15,225 patients [10.8%] vs. 1803 of 15,224 patients [11.8%]; rate ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.85 to 0.97; P=0.004). The relative difference in risk was similar across multiple prespecified subgroups. At the trial midpoint, the mean level of HDL cholesterol was higher by 43 mg per deciliter (1.12 mmol per liter) in the anacetrapib group than in the placebo group (a relative difference of 104%), and the mean level of non-HDL cholesterol was lower by 17 mg per deciliter (0.44 mmol per liter), a relative difference of -18%. There were no significant between-group differences in the risk of death, cancer, or other serious adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease who were receiving intensive statin therapy, the use of anacetrapib resulted in a lower incidence of major coronary events than the use of placebo. (Funded by Merck and others; Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN48678192 ; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01252953 ; and EudraCT number, 2010-023467-18 .)

Chinese Public Willingness to Pay to Avoid Having Nuclear Power Plants in the Neighborhood

In spite of the decreasing share of nuclear power all over the world, China resumed the approval of large-scale construction of nuclear power plants in 2012. However, influenced by the worldwide spreading anti-nuclear attitudes, people who live near nuclear power plants showed increasing concerns about nuclear risks. Consequently, the Not In My Backyard (NIMBY) syndrome of nuclear power plants should be evaluated prudently to support the healthy development of nuclear power in China. Based on the face-to-face survey data, this study estimates Chinese public willingness to pay (WTP) to avoid having nuclear power plants in the neighborhood. The respondents include both residents who currently live near and those who would live near nuclear power plants in the future. Considering the possible presence of the sample selection bias caused by protest responses, this paper constructs a two-step sample selection model with the protest responses and the double bounded dichotomous choice (DBDC) questions. Using the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), we measure the effects of influencing factors of public WTP and study the decay of WTP with longer distances from nuclear power plants. The results suggest that most people are willing to pay higher electricity prices to avoid having nuclear power plants in the neighborhood. Comparing the WTP to avoid having nuclear power plants nearby with the current electricity price, we find that there is an increase of 56.7% and 69.1% of respondents’ WTP for a nuclear power plant located 80 km and 30 km, respectively

Haze, health, and income: An integrated model for willingness to pay for haze mitigation in Shanghai, China

Abstract(#br)Most existing studies indicate that residentsö willingness to pay (WTP) for environmental protection mainly depends on income and the degree of environmental pollution. However, owing to lack of suitable data, less research has focused on why people have higher or lower WTP for environmental protection, and many questions about their reasons remain unanswered. Based on contingent valuation questionnaires in 16 districts of Shanghai, this study investigates the influencing factors of residentsö WTP for haze mitigation. To avoid a multicollinearity problem, we integrate principal component analysis and the probit model to examine the determinants of WTP. Results show that residentsö WTP for haze mitigation ranges from 343.31 to 359.48 USD. The major influencing factors of residentsö WTP include subjective knowledge of haze impacts, understanding of the frequency and severity of haze, and social trust in haze data published by the government. In particular, we find that owing to anti-haze household expenditure on mitigating the effects of haze pollution on health, residents who considered that the areas they lived in were more influenced by haze pollution do not always have higher WTP for haze mitigation. Results of this study have policy implications for haze mitigation regarding the effect of anti-haze household expenditure

Analysis of energy-related CO2 (carbon dioxide) emissions and reduction potential in the Chinese non-metallic mineral products industry

Newhuadu Business School Research Fund; Ministry of Education Foundation [10JZD0018, 10JBG013]; Basic Research Universities Special Foundation [2010221051]; National Social Science Foundation [09ZD050]As one of the six highest energy-consuming industries, non-metallic mineral products industry accounts for 9.5% of national energy usage and 9.0% of energy-related CO2 (carbon dioxide) emissions in China. In this paper, we evaluate the CO(2)emissions change from energy consumption and present a comprehensive picture of the underlying determinants of emissions change in the Chinese non-metallic mineral products industry for the period 1986-2010, based on the LMDI (Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index) method. Results demonstrate that industrial activity is the leading force explaining emission increase while energy intensity is the major contributor to the emission mitigation. Effects of industrial scale and carbon intensity of energy show varying trends interchanging intervals of growth along the study period. Moreover, substitution effect has a small negative impact on the increase of CO2 emissions. Reduction potential of CO(2)emissions is predicted to be 99.02 Mt in 2020 under the scenario of moderate emission reduction, which accounts for 0.30% of the world's energy-related CO2 emissions in 2011; and 188.88 Mt under the scenario of aggressive emission reduction, which accounts for 0.58% of the world's total in 2011 and is close to energy-related CO2 emissions of Egypt in 2010. Policy recommendations are thus made for future emission reductions. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved