364 research outputs found
A Sequence-to-Sequence&Set Model for Text-to-Table Generation
Recently, the text-to-table generation task has attracted increasing
attention due to its wide applications. In this aspect, the dominant model
formalizes this task as a sequence-to-sequence generation task and serializes
each table into a token sequence during training by concatenating all rows in a
top-down order. However, it suffers from two serious defects: 1) the predefined
order introduces a wrong bias during training, which highly penalizes shifts in
the order between rows; 2) the error propagation problem becomes serious when
the model outputs a long token sequence. In this paper, we first conduct a
preliminary study to demonstrate the generation of most rows is
order-insensitive. Furthermore, we propose a novel sequence-to-sequence&set
text-to-table generation model. Specifically, in addition to a text encoder
encoding the input text, our model is equipped with a table header generator to
first output a table header, i.e., the first row of the table, in the manner of
sequence generation. Then we use a table body generator with learnable row
embeddings and column embeddings to generate a set of table body rows in
parallel. Particularly, to deal with the issue that there is no correspondence
between each generated table body row and target during training, we propose a
target assignment strategy based on the bipartite matching between the first
cells of generated table body rows and targets. Experiment results show that
our model significantly surpasses the baselines, achieving state-of-the-art
performance on commonly-used datasets
A novel prestack sparse azimuthal AVO inversion
In this paper we demonstrate a new algorithm for sparse prestack azimuthal
AVO inversion. A novel Euclidean prior model is developed to at once respect
sparseness in the layered earth and smoothness in the model of reflectivity.
Recognizing that methods of artificial intelligence and Bayesian computation
are finding an every increasing role in augmenting the process of
interpretation and analysis of geophysical data, we derive a generalized
matrix-variate model of reflectivity in terms of orthogonal basis functions,
subject to sparse constraints. This supports a direct application of machine
learning methods, in a way that can be mapped back onto the physical principles
known to govern reflection seismology. As a demonstration we present an
application of these methods to the Marcellus shale. Attributes extracted using
the azimuthal inversion are clustered using an unsupervised learning algorithm.
Interpretation of the clusters is performed in the context of the Ruger model
of azimuthal AVO
Effects of different extracts of Cremastra appendiculata (D. Don) Makino Cremastra appendiculata (D. Don) Makino on apoptosis of A549 cells
Purpose: To investigate the effect of different extracts of Cremastra appendiculata (D. Don) Makino onapoptosis of A549 cells, and the underlying mechanism.Methods: The contents of colchicine in ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts of Cremastra appendiculata(D. Don) Makino were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Lung cancerA549 cells cultured in vitro were divided into blank control, standard colchicine and Cremastra appendiculata (D. Don) Makino extract groups. The effect of different extract concentrations on proliferation of the cells was determined using methyl thiazolyl diphenyl-tetrazolium (MTT) assay, while apoptosis of A549 cells induced by the extracts was evaluated by flow cytometry (FC).Results: Compared with the standard colchicine group, there was no colchicine in the n-butanol and ethyl acetate extracts of Cremastra appendiculata. Results from MTT assay showed that the extract inhibited the proliferation of A549 cells (p < 0.05). Flow cytometry results showed that ethyl acetate extract significantly enhanced apoptosis in A549 cells (p < 0.05). However, n-butanol extract had no significant effect on the apoptosis of A549 cells (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The ethyl acetate extract of Cremastra appendiculata (D. Don) Makino induces apoptosis in lung cancer A549 cells. Therefore, there is a need for further research and development of antitumor drugs from the extract of Cremastra appendiculata (D. Don) Makino.
Keywords: Cremastra appendiculata (D. Don) Makino, Colchicine, A549 cells, Apoptosi
Physiological Responses of Kosteletzkya virginica
Effects of salinity on growth and physiological indices of Kosteletzkya virginica seedlings were studied. Plant height, fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) increased at 100 mM NaCl and slightly declined at 200 mM, but higher salinity induced a significant reduction. Chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), and transpiration rate (E) were not affected under moderate salinities, while markedly decreased at severe salinities except for the increased Ci at 400 mM NaCl. Furthermore, no significant differences of Fv/Fm and ΦPSII were found at lower than 200 mM NaCl, whereas higher salinity caused the declines of Fv/Fm, ΦPSII, and qP similar to Pn, accompanied with higher NPQ. Besides, salt stress reduced the leaf RWC, but caused the accumulation of proline to alleviate osmotic pressure. The increased activities of antioxidant enzymes maintained the normal levels of MDA and relative membrane permeability. To sum up, Kosteletzkya virginica seedlings have good salt tolerance and this may be partly attributed to its osmotic regulation and antioxidant capacity which help to maintain water balance and normal ROS level to ensure the efficient photosynthesis. These results provided important implications for Kosteletzkya virginica acting as a promising multiuse species for reclaiming coastal soil
Proteomics analysis of differentially expressed proteins in chicken trachea and kidney after infection with the highly virulent and attenuated coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus in vivo
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is first to be discovered coronavirus which is probably endemic in all regions with intensive impact on poultry production. In this study, we used two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2-DIGE), coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS), to explore the global proteome profiles of trachea and kidney tissues from chicken at different stages infected <it>in vivo </it>with the highly virulent ck/CH/LDL/97I P<sub>5 </sub>strain of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and the embryo-passaged, attenuated ck/CH/LDL/97I P<sub>115 </sub>strain.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Fifty-eight differentially expressed proteins were identified. Results demonstrated that some proteins which had functions in cytoskeleton organization, anti-oxidative stress, and stress response, showed different change patterns in abundance from chicken infected with the highly virulent ck/CH/LDL/97I P<sub>5 </sub>strain and those given the embryo-passaged, attenuated P<sub>115 </sub>stain. In addition, the dynamic transcriptional alterations of 12 selected proteins were analyzed by the real-time RT-PCR, and western blot analysis confirmed the change in abundance of heat shock proteins (HSP) beta-1, annexin A2, and annexin A5.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The proteomic alterations described here may suggest that these changes to protein expression correlate with IBV virus' virulence in chicken, hence provides valuable insights into the interactions of IBV with its host and may also assist with investigations of the pathogenesis of IBV and other coronavirus infections.</p
Identification of a novel linear B-cell epitope in the UL26 and UL26.5 proteins of Duck Enteritis Virus
BACKGROUND: The Unique Long 26 (UL26) and UL26.5 proteins of herpes simplex virus are known to function during the assembly of the viruses. However, for duck enteritis virus (DEV), which is an unassigned member of the family Herpesviridae, little information is available about the function of the two proteins. In this study, the C-terminus of DEV UL26 protein (designated UL26c), which contains the whole of UL26.5, was expressed, and the recombinant UL26c protein was used to immunize BALB/c mice to generate monoclonal antibodies (mAb). The mAb 1C8 was generated against DEV UL26 and UL26.5 proteins and used subsequently to map the epitope in this region. Both the mAb and its defined epitope will provide potential tools for further study of DEV. RESULTS: A mAb (designated 1C8) was generated against the DEV UL26c protein, and a series of 17 partially overlapping fragments that spanned the DEV UL26c were expressed with GST tags. These peptides were subjected to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blotting analysis using mAb 1C8 to identify the epitope. A linear motif, (520)IYYPGE(525), which was located at the C-terminus of the DEV UL26 and UL26.5 proteins, was identified by mAb 1C8. The result of the ELISA showed that this epitope could be recognized by DEV-positive serum from mice. The (520)IYYPGE(525 )motif was the minimal requirement for reactivity, as demonstrated by analysis of the reactivity of 1C8 with several truncated peptides derived from the motif. Alignment and comparison of the 1C8-defined epitope sequence with those of other alphaherpesviruses indicated that the motif (521)YYPGE(525 )in the epitope sequence was conserved among the alphaherpesviruses. CONCLUSION: A mAb, 1C8, was generated against DEV UL26c and the epitope-defined minimal sequence obtained using mAb 1C8 was (520)IYYPGE(525). The mAb and the identified epitope may be useful for further study of the design of diagnostic reagents for DEV
Generation and Bioenergetic Profiles of Cybrids with East Asian mtDNA Haplogroups
Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants and haplogroups may contribute to susceptibility to various diseases and pathological conditions, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. To address this issue, we established a cytoplasmic hybrid (cybrid) system to investigate the role of mtDNA haplogroups in human disease; specifically, we examined the effects of East Asian mtDNA genetic backgrounds on oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). We found that mtDNA single nucleotide polymorphisms such as m.489T>C, m.10398A>G, m.10400C>T, m.C16223T, and m.T16362C affected mitochondrial function at the level of mtDNA, mtRNA, or the OxPhos complex. Macrohaplogroup M exhibited higher respiratory activity than haplogroup N owing to its higher mtDNA content, mtRNA transcript levels, and complex III abundance. Additionally, haplogroup M had higher reactive oxygen species levels and NAD+/NADH ratios than haplogroup N, suggesting difference in mitonuclear interactions. Notably, subhaplogroups G2, B4, and F1 appeared to contribute significantly to the differences between haplogroups M and N. Thus, our cybrid-based system can provide insight into the mechanistic basis for the role of mtDNA haplogroups in human diseases and the effect of mtDNA variants on mitochondrial OxPhos function. In addition, studies of mitonuclear interaction using this system can reveal predisposition to certain diseases conferred by variations in mtDNA
Epigenetic Profiling of H3K4Me3 Reveals Herbal Medicine Jinfukang-Induced Epigenetic Alteration Is Involved in Anti-Lung Cancer Activity
Traditional Chinese medicine Jinfukang (JFK) has been clinically used for treating lung cancer. To examine whether epigenetic modifications are involved in its anticancer activity, we performed a global profiling analysis of H3K4Me3, an epigenomic marker associated with active gene expression, in JFK-treated lung cancer cells. We identified 11,670 genes with significantly altered status of H3K4Me3 modification following JFK treatment (P<0.05). Gene Ontology analysis indicates that these genes are involved in tumor-related pathways, including pathway in cancer, basal cell carcinoma, apoptosis, induction of programmed cell death, regulation of transcription (DNA-templated), intracellular signal transduction, and regulation of peptidase activity. In particular, we found that the levels of H3K4Me3 at the promoters of SUSD2, CCND2, BCL2A1, and TMEM158 are significantly altered in A549, NCI-H1975, NCI-H1650, and NCI-H2228 cells, when treated with JFK. Collectively, these findings provide the first evidence that the anticancer activity of JFK involves modulation of histone modification at many cancer-related gene loci
Interlayer ferroelectric polarization modulated anomalous Hall effects in four-layer MnBi2Te4 antiferromagnets
Van der Waals (vdW) assembly could efficiently modulate the symmetry of
two-dimensional (2D) materials that ultimately governs their physical
properties. Of particular interest is the ferroelectric polarization being
introduced by proper vdW assembly that enables the realization of novel
electronic, magnetic and transport properties of 2D materials. Four-layer
antiferromagnetic MnBi2Te4 (F-MBT) offers an excellent platform to explore
ferroelectric polarization effects on magnetic order and topological transport
properties of nanomaterials. Here, by applying symmetry analyses and
density-functional-theory calculations, the ferroelectric interface effects on
magnetic order, anomalous Hall effect (AHE) or even quantum AHE (QAHE) on the
F-MBT are analyzed. Interlayer ferroelectric polarization in F-MBT efficiently
violates the PT symmetry (the combination symmetry of central inversion (P) and
time reverse (T) of the F-MBT by conferring magnetoelectric couplings, and
stabilizes a specific antiferromagnetic order encompassing a ferromagnetic
interface in the F-MBT. We predict that engineering an interlayer polarization
in the top or bottom interface of F-MBT allows converting F-MBT from a trivial
insulator to a Chern insulator. The switching of ferroelectric polarization at
the middle interfaces results in a direction reversal of the quantum anomalous
Hall current. Additionally, the interlayer polarization of the top and bottom
interfaces can be aligned in the same direction, and the switching of
polarization direction also reverses the direction of anomalous Hall currents.
Overall, our work highlights the occurrence of quantum-transport phenomena in
2D vdW four-layer antiferromagnets through vdW assembly. These phenomena are
absent in the bulk or thin-film in bulk-like stacking forms of MnBi2Te4
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