Frequency-domain characterization and performance bounds of ALMS loop for RF self-interference cancellation

Analog Least Mean Square (ALMS) loop is a promising method to cancel self-interference (SI) in in-band fullduplex (IBFD) systems. In this paper, the steady state analyses of the residual SI powers in both analog and digital domains are firstly derived. Eigenvalue decomposition is then utilized to investigate the frequency domain characteristics of the ALMS loop. Our frequency domain analyses prove that the ALMS loop has an effect of amplifying the frequency components of the residual SI at the edges of the signal spectrum in the analog domain. However, the matched filter in the receiver chain will reduce this effect, resulting in a significant improvement of the interference suppression ratio (ISR). It means that the SI will be significantly suppressed in the digital domain before information data detection. This paper also derives the lower bounds of ISRs given by the ALMS loop in both analog and digital domains. These lower bounds are joint effects of the loop gain, tap delay, number of taps, and transmitted signal properties. The discovered relationship among these parameters allows the flexibility in choosing appropriate parameters when designing the IBFD systems under given constraints

Table_1_Effects of work-family conflict on turnover intention among primary medical staff in Huaihai Economic Zone: a mediation model through burnout.DOCX

BackgroundCountries worldwide face the challenge of how medical personnel manage conflicts between work and family. Especially after the challenge of the COVID-19 epidemic, it is necessary to explore the possible mechanisms of work-family conflict, burnout, and turnover intention among primary medical staff.ObjectivesThis study aims to observe the turnover intention of Chinese primary medical staff and explore the relationship between work-family conflict, burnout, and turnover intention.MethodsA cross-sectional study included a turnover intention questionnaire, the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS), and the Work-Family Conflict Scale (WFCS) to understand turnover intention, burnout, and work-family conflict among primary medical staff in four cities (Xuzhou, Linyi, Huaibei, and Shangqiu cities) within the Huaihai Economic Zone. Spearman correlation analysis and hierarchical multiple regression analysis were used to examine the related factors of turnover intention. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to study the mediating role of burnout between work-family conflict and turnover intention.ResultsIn this study, there is a positive correlation between work-family conflict and turnover intention (P ConclusionsBurnout can be regarded as a mediator between two different variables: work-family conflict and turnover intention. Improving work-family conflict and alleviating burnout may play a key role in reducing the willingness of primary medical staff to resign. Corresponding measures can be taken to balance the conflict between work and family, alleviate burnout, reduce turnover rates, and build a primary medical staff team with higher medical service quality and stability.</p

Credentialing Features: A Platform to Benchmark and Optimize Untargeted Metabolomic Methods

The aim of untargeted metabolomics is to profile as many metabolites as possible, yet a major challenge is comparing experimental method performance on the basis of metabolome coverage. To date, most published approaches have compared experimental methods by counting the total number of features detected. Due to artifactual interference, however, this number is highly variable and therefore is a poor metric for comparing metabolomic methods. Here we introduce an alternative approach to benchmarking metabolome coverage which relies on mixed Escherichia coli extracts from cells cultured in regular and ¹³C-enriched media. After mass spectrometry-based metabolomic analysis of these extracts, we “credential” features arising from E. coli metabolites on the basis of isotope spacing and intensity. This credentialing platform enables us to accurately compare the number of nonartifactual features yielded by different experimental approaches. We highlight the value of our platform by reoptimizing a published untargeted metabolomic method for XCMS data processing. Compared to the published parameters, the new XCMS parameters decrease the total number of features by 15% (a reduction in noise features) while increasing the number of true metabolites detected and grouped by 20%. Our credentialing platform relies on easily generated E. coli samples and a simple software algorithm that is freely available on our laboratory Web site (http://pattilab.wustl.edu/software/credential/). We have validated the credentialing platform with reversed-phase and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography as well as Agilent, Thermo Scientific, AB SCIEX, and LECO mass spectrometers. Thus, the credentialing platform can readily be applied by any laboratory to optimize their untargeted metabolomic pipeline for metabolite extraction, chromatographic separation, mass spectrometric detection, and bioinformatic processing

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Propagation of the wavefield along the optical axis when there is an 0.3 degree misalignment angle between two MLLs. Astigmatism occured along diagonal directions in two planes near the nominal focal plane

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Propagation of the wavefield along the optical axis when there is no misalignment. The two focal planes can be seen overlap with each other

Respiration studies of hepatic mitochondria isolated from mice fed very low protein and carbohydrate, very high fat diets.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Respiration rates in the basal leak condition (state 2), ADP-stimulated condition (state 3), F₁F₀-ATPase independent condition (state 4), and uncoupled condition in hepatic mitochondria isolated from chow-fed, VLP/C⁺-fed, and VLP/C^--fed (for 6 weeks) mice using palmitoyl-L-carnitine and malate as substrates. <i>n</i>=4 mice/group. (<b>B</b>) Relative respiratory ratios of basal leak (state 2/state 3), respiratory control (RCR, state 3/state 4), and coupling control (CCR, state 4/uncoupled), derived from panel A. (<b>C</b>) Respiration rates in states 2-4 and while uncoupled in hepatic mitochondria isolated from chow-, VLP/C⁺, and VLP/C^--fed mice that respired using the Complex II-electron donor substrate succinate in the presence of rotenone (Complex I activity inhibitor). n=9 mice/group. (<b>D</b>) Relative respiratory ratios of state 2/state 3, state 3/state 4, and state 4/uncoupled, derived from panel C. (<b>E</b>) Respiration rates in states 2-4 in hepatic mitochondria isolated from chow-, VLP/C⁺, and VLP/C^--fed mice that respired using the Complex III-donor substrate duroquinol plus rotenone. n=9 mice/group. (<b>F</b>) Relative respiratory ratios of state 2/state 3, state 3/state 4, and state 4/uncoupled, derived from panel E. (<b>G</b>) Respiration rates in states 2-4 in hepatic mitochondria isolated from chow-, VLP/C⁺, and VLP/C^--fed mice that respired using the Complex IV-donor substrate combination TMPD/ascorbate, plus rotenone. n=9 mice/group. (<b>H</b>) Relative respiratory ratios of state 2/state 3, state 3/state 4, and state 4/uncoupled, derived from panel G. Data are presented as means±SEM. *<i>p</i>≤0.05; **<i>p</i>≤0.01 by 1-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc testing.</p

Intrahepatic triglyceride content and hepatic histopathology in mice fed very high fat, low protein, very low carbohydrate diets.

<p>Hepatic histology in mice maintained for 6 weeks on (<b>A</b>–<b>C</b>) standard chow; (<b>D</b>–<b>F</b>) LP/C⁺ diet, which caused very small amounts of mixed large and small droplet steatosis in hepatocytes restricted to zone 2 (a representative example of zone 2 is displayed in panel <b>F</b>), and no inflammation; (<b>G</b>–<b>I</b>) LP/C^- diet, which caused mixed large and small droplet macrovesicular steatosis in a zone 2 distribution (a representative example of zone 2 is displayed in panel <b>I</b>); (<b>J</b>–<b>L</b>) VLP/C⁺ diet, which exhibited small lipid droplets only at higher power; (<b>M</b>–<b>O</b>) VLP/C^- diet, which caused diffuse steatosis that is predominantly small and microvesicular with some macrovesicular droplets. Numerous clusters of inflammatory cells, some of which are likely associated with necrotic hepatocytes, were observed. Livers of mice fed both VLP/C⁺ (<b>P</b>) and VLP/C^- (<b>Q</b>) exhibit inflammatory foci (arrows). (<b>R</b>) Only in livers from VLP/C^--fed were mitotic figures observed (arrow). Scale bars: (<b>A, B, D, E, G, H, J, K, M, N</b>, lower power images taken with standard light microscopy, original magnification at 10X or 20X), 100 μm; (<b>C, F, I, L, O</b>, higher power images taken with confocal microscopy, original magnification at 80X), 10 μm; (<b>P, Q, R</b>, medium power images taken with standard light microscopy, original magnification at 40X), 50 μm.</p

Hepatic macrophage density in mice fed very high fat, low protein, very low carbohydrate diets.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Confocal images of F4/80⁺ macrophages (scale bars, 50 μm) and (<b>B</b>) quantification of F4/80⁺ macrophages normalized to the number of DAPI-stained nuclei from liver sections of mice maintained on the indicated diets for 6 weeks. Data are presented as means±SEM. n=3 mice/group with n=3 20X fields quantified per section/mouse.</p

Hepatic TAG secretion in mice fed very high fat, low protein, very low carbohydrate diets.

<p>Mice from each dietary group (6 weeks each diet) were fasted for 18 h. Blood was collected prior to (0 h) and after intraperitoneal injection of tyloxapol. (<b>A</b>) Serum TAG concentration and (<b>B</b>) areas under the curve (AUC), <i>n</i>=5 mice/group. Data are presented as means±SEM. <i>a</i>, significantly different compared to chow, <i>p</i>≤0.001 by 1-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc testing.</p

Roles of varying protein and choline nutrient contents in very high fat, low protein, very low carbohydrate diet-induced hepatic steatosis.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Liver weight/body weight ratios after 6 weeks on the diets. <i>n</i>=5-10 mice/group. c, p≤0.05 for LP/C^- and p≤0.01 for VLP/C^-. See end of this legend for description of the individual comparisons depicted by each letter. (<b>B</b>) Biochemical quantification of hepatic TAG content, normalized to liver mass. <i>n</i>=5-10 mice/group. a, p≤0.05 for LP/C^- and p≤0.01 for VLP/C^-; <i>b</i>, p≤0.05; <i>c</i>, p≤0.05 for LP/C^- and p≤0.01 for VLP/C^-. (<b>C</b>) Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations. n=4-6 mice/group. c, p≤0.05. Data are presented as means±SEM. <i>a</i>, significant difference compared to chow; <i>b</i>, significant difference attributable to decrease in protein content (from 10% kcal to 5% kcal) at a fixed choline content; <i>c</i>, significant difference attributable to restriction in choline content (from 5.3 g/kg to 0.3 g/kg) at a fixed protein content; by 1-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc testing.</p