184 research outputs found

    Age-Dependent Changes in Transcription Factor FOXO Targeting in Female Drosophila

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    FOXO transcription factors have long been associated with longevity control and tissue homeostasis. Although the transcriptional regulation of FOXO have been previously characterized (especially in long-lived insulin mutants and under stress conditions), how normal aging impacts the transcriptional activity of FOXO is poorly understood. Here, we conducted a chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) analysis in both young (2-week-old) and aged (5-week-old) wild-type female fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster, to evaluate the dynamics of FOXO gene targeting during aging. Intriguingly, the number of FOXO-bound genes dramatically decreases with age (from 2617 to 224). Consistent to the reduction of FOXO binding activity, many genes targeted by FOXO in young flies are transcriptionally altered with age, either up-regulated (FOXOrepressing genes) or down-regulated (FOXO-activating genes) in adult head tissue. In addition, we show that many FOXO-bound genes in wild-type flies are unique from those in insulin receptor substrate chico mutants. Distinct from chico mutants, FOXO targets specific cellular processes (e.g., actin cytoskeleton) and signaling pathways (e.g., Hippo, MAPK) in young wild-type female flies. FOXO targeting on these pathways decreases with age. Interestingly, FOXO targets in aged flies are enriched in cellular processes like chromatin organization and nucleosome assembly. Furthermore, FOXO binding to core histone genes is well maintained at aged flies. Together, our findings provide new insights into dynamic FOXO targeting under normal aging and highlight the diverse and understudied regulatory mechanisms for FOXO transcriptional activity

    Effects of anesthesia on conventional and speckle tracking echocardiographic parameters in a mouse model of pressure overload

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    Genetically‑modified mice are widely applied in cardiovascular studies as model organisms. Echocardiography is a key tool for evaluating cardiac and hemodynamic functions in mice. The present study aimed to examine the effects of isoflurane (ISF) on conventional and speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) parameters under healthy and pathological conditions using a murine model of pressure overload. In addition, the optimal dose of ISF in the process of echocardiographic measurement, with minimum cardiac contraction depression, was investigated. Conventional echocardiographic and STE examinations were performed on 38 adult C57BL/6 male mice. The mice were divided into the following three groups: The sham (n=15); mild thoracic aortic banding (TAB; n=15); and severe TAB (n=8) groups. ISF was administered under deep anesthesia (DA; 1‑2% ISF), light anesthesia (LA; 0.5‑1% ISF) and immediately prior to the mice waking up (awake; 0‑0.5% ISF). Conventional echocardiographic parameters were preserved within the sham and mild TAB groups (P>0.05 for each parameter) under LA and awake conditions. However, under DA conditions, the majority of these parameters were reduced compared with the LA and awake conditions (P<0.05). In the severe TAB group, conventional echocardiographic parameters remained constant under LA, DA and awake conditions. STE parameters in the groups remained similar between the LA and awake conditions, but were significantly reduced under DA conditions. Therefore, conventional echocardiography and STE may be performed using LA induced with low doses of ISF, under various pathological conditions without affecting cardiac function

    Investigating Supply Chain Management in the Chinese Textile and Apparel Industry

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    The purpose of this study is to investigate supply chain management (SCM) issues in the Chinese textile and apparel (T&A) industry. Specifically, the study explores SCM practices, and the barriers to managing supply chain, as well as the impact of SCM socialization practices, inter-organizational communication practices, and information technology applications on buyer-supplier relationships. China is a major player in the global T&A industry, however to the researchers\u27 best knowledge, no empirical research has been done on global SCM issues from the perspective of professionals in the Chinese T&A industry. The study aims to fill this gap

    The Function of FEN1 is Regulated by Post-Translational Modification

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    Flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) is a multifunctional DNA branching nuclease. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) exist in this protein widely, including phosphorylation, methylation, acetylation, ubiquitination and small ubiquitination modification (SUMO). Here, we make a summary for those PTMs studies on FEN1, to illustrate relationships between mutations of those amino acids and their functions alteration of FEN1. Numerous evidences have confirmed that dysfunction of FEN1 would lead to genome instability, and then induce a variety of chromosome-related diseases ultimately, including tumors. On one hand, interaction partner also stimulates FEN1 nuclease activity, to further ensure an effective role in the processing of different DNA structures; on the other hand, PTMs may regulate protein-protein interactions and FEN1’s cellular localization

    Successful management of tracheal lobular capillary hemangioma with arterial embolization followed by electrosurgical snaring via flexible bronchoscopy in an 11-year-old boy: A case report and literature review

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    Lobular capillary hemangioma (LCH), previously known as pyogenic granuloma, is a benign vascular lesion commonly found within the oral and nasal cavities. However, it is rarely encountered within the trachea, especially in pediatric patients, where it manifests as hemoptysis, cough, and wheeze, and is frequently misdiagnosed as bronchitis or asthma. There is limited literature on the presentation, behavior, and management of tracheal LCH. Herein, we describe a rare case of tracheal LCH in an 11-year-old boy with a history of hemoptysis, which was successfully managed with arterial embolization followed by electrocautery loop snaring via flexible bronchoscopy. No complications occurred during and after the procedure. A review of the relevant literature is also provided. Our case is unique, given the therapeutic strategy utilized for pediatric tracheal LCH, and reminds physicians to be aware of tracheal LCH in the differential diagnosis for hemoptysis

    Current status and prospect of PET-related imaging radiomics in lung cancer

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    Lung cancer is highly aggressive, which has a high mortality rate. Major types encompass lung adenocarcinoma, lung squamous cell carcinoma, lung adenosquamous carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. Lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma together account for more than 80% of cases. Diverse subtypes demand distinct treatment approaches. The application of precision medicine necessitates prompt and accurate evaluation of treatment effectiveness, contributing to the improvement of treatment strategies and outcomes. Medical imaging is crucial in the diagnosis and management of lung cancer, with techniques such as fluoroscopy, computed radiography (CR), digital radiography (DR), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET)/CT, and PET/MRI being essential tools. The surge of radiomics in recent times offers fresh promise for cancer diagnosis and treatment. In particular, PET/CT and PET/MRI radiomics, extensively studied in lung cancer research, have made advancements in diagnosing the disease, evaluating metastasis, predicting molecular subtypes, and forecasting patient prognosis. While conventional imaging methods continue to play a primary role in diagnosis and assessment, PET/CT and PET/MRI radiomics simultaneously provide detailed morphological and functional information. This has significant clinical potential value, offering advantages for lung cancer diagnosis and treatment. Hence, this manuscript provides a review of the latest developments in PET-related radiomics for lung cancer

    Spatial Disassociation of Disrupted Functional Connectivity for the Default Mode Network in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease

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    To investigate the aberrant functional connectivity of the default mode network (DMN) in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and their clinical relevance

    The Fennoscandian Shield deep terrestrial virosphere suggests slow motion 'boom and burst' cycles

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    The deep biosphere contains members from all three domains of life along with viruses. Here we investigate the deep terrestrial virosphere by sequencing community nucleic acids from three groundwaters of contrasting chemistries, origins, and ages. These viromes constitute a highly unique community compared to other environmental viromes and sequenced viral isolates. Viral host prediction suggests that many of the viruses are associated with Firmicutes and Patescibacteria, a superphylum lacking previously described active viruses. RNA transcript-based activity implies viral predation in the shallower marine water-fed groundwater, while the deeper and more oligotrophic waters appear to be in 'metabolic standby'. Viral encoded antibiotic production and resistance systems suggest competition and antagonistic interactions. The data demonstrate a viral community with a wide range of predicted hosts that mediates nutrient recycling to support a higher microbial turnover than previously anticipated. This suggests the presence of 'kill-the-winner' oscillations creating slow motion 'boom and burst' cycles. Karin Holmfeldt et al. sequence metagenomes and metatranscriptomes of viruses in deep groundwaters down to 448m below the surface. The results reveal ecological dynamics of viruses including slow motion 'boom and burst' cycles and a 'kill the winner' model potentially driven by viral predation

    A Novel Inorganic Sulfur Compound Metabolizing Ferroplasma-Like Population Is Suggested to Mediate Extracellular Electron Transfer

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    Mining and processing of metal sulfide ores produces waters containing metals and inorganic sulfur compounds such as tetrathionate and thiosulfate. If released untreated, these sulfur compounds can be oxidized to generate highly acidic wastewaters [termed ‘acid mine drainage (AMD)’] that cause severe environmental pollution. One potential method to remediate mining wastewaters is the maturing biotechnology of ‘microbial fuel cells’ that offers the sustainable removal of acid generating inorganic sulfur compounds alongside producing an electrical current. Microbial fuel cells exploit the ability of bacterial cells to transfer electrons to a mineral as the terminal electron acceptor during anaerobic respiration by replacing the mineral with a solid anode. In consequence, by substituting natural minerals with electrodes, microbial fuel cells also provide an excellent platform to understand environmental microbe–mineral interactions that are fundamental to element cycling. Previously, tetrathionate degradation coupled to the generation of an electrical current has been demonstrated and here we report a metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analysis of the microbial community. Reconstruction of inorganic sulfur compound metabolism suggested the substrate tetrathionate was metabolized by the Ferroplasma-like and Acidithiobacillus-like populations via multiple pathways. Characterized Ferroplasma species do not utilize inorganic sulfur compounds, suggesting a novel Ferroplasma-like population had been selected. Oxidation of intermediate sulfide, sulfur, thiosulfate, and adenylyl-sulfate released electrons and the extracellular electron transfer to the anode was suggested to be dominated by candidate soluble electron shuttles produced by the Ferroplasma-like population. However, as the soluble electron shuttle compounds also have alternative functions within the cell, it cannot be ruled out that acidophiles use novel, uncharacterized mechanisms to mediate extracellular electron transfer. Several populations within the community were suggested to metabolize intermediate inorganic sulfur compounds by multiple pathways, which highlights the potential for mutualistic or symbiotic relationships. This study provided the genetic base for acidophilic microbial fuel cells utilized for the remediation of inorganic sulfur compounds from AMD
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