On Conflict of Human Rights

[Excerpt] “This article supports Gewirth’s view: that is, the reason why utilitarian values such as national security, public safety, public order, public health, and public morality may outweigh human rights is that they contain human rights elements. Thus, as a rule, whenever human rights clash with nonrights value considerations, we should analyze whether they contain human rights elements. If they do, they may override human rights that conflict with them. If they do not, they cannot.

Ultrafast Measurement of Chemical Dynamics in the Condensed Phase Using Transient Vibrational Spectroscopy.

Geminate recombination and vibrational energy relaxation of iodine in the condensed phase are investigated using picosecond transient Raman spectroscopy. The advantages of transient Raman in measuring vibrational energy relaxation and separating different reaction dynamics are demonstrated in this dissertation. Using transient Raman spectroscopy we have for the first time directly observed geminate recombination and vibrational energy relaxation of I\sb2 on both X and A\sp\prime \sp3\Pi\sb{2u} states. For the X state, energy relaxation from vibrational levels ranging from $\upsilon$ = 52 to $\upsilon$ = 1 have been observed. These levels correspond to absolute energies of 9,300 to 210 cm\sp{-1} above the zero point in the X potential. The importance of vibrational to vibrational (V-V) energy transfer pathways has been studied and the V-V transfer efficiency is found to be very solvent dependent. The results suggest that the vibrational coupling between the excited iodine oscillator and the solvent is drastically affected by the nature of the normal mode character of the solvent vibration. For the A\sp\prime state, geminate recombination rate is found to be significantly slower than the X state. Evidence is reported which suggests the possible role of iodine atom-solvent complexes in the reaction step leading from photodissociated atoms to formation of the excited state. Electronic relaxation is investigated and is found to be largely the result of the formation and decay of I\sb2\cdotSolvent exciplexes. Geminate recombination between iodine radical and iodine molecule is directly observed by dissociating iodine dimer. The geminate recombination time of I + I\sb2 in cyclohexane is measured to be 50-100 ps. The slower recombination rate of I + I\sb2 in comparison with the fast geminate recombination of I + I provides direct experimental evidence for the existence of an activation barrier for the former reaction. Recombination rates in different solvents decrease in the order n-hexane $\u3e$ neo-hexane $\ge$ deuterated cyclohexane $\approx$ cyclohexane. The lifetime of I\sb3 is determined to be greater than 500 ps

An Analysis of LED Light Distribution Based on Visual Spectral Characteristics

AbstractOn the analysis of the human visual structure characteristics and LED optical design principle, human visual color image model with background light was constructed in this paper, and the image sharpness function is defined. With high pressure sodium lamps, white light and green light LED as backlight, the model simulation of image sharpness is fulfilled. The results show that the green LED has better clarity and sensitivity with the same condition of radiation energy background light

Distributed Event-Triggered Online Learning for Multi-Agent System Control using Gaussian Process Regression

For the cooperative control of multi-agent systems with unknown dynamics, data-driven methods are commonly employed to infer models from the collected data. Due to the flexibility to model nonlinear functions and the existence of theoretical prediction error bound, Gaussian process (GP) regression is widely used in such control problems. Online learning, i.e. adding newly collected training data to the GP models, promises to improve control performance via improved predictions during the operation. In this paper, we propose a distributed event-triggered online learning algorithm for multi-agent system control. The proposed algorithm only employs locally available information from the neighbors and achieves a guaranteed overall control performance with desired tracking error bound. Moreover, the exclusion of the Zeno behavior for each agent is proved. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed event-triggered online learning is demonstrated in simulations

The Analysis and Calculation Method of Urban Rail Transit Carrying Capacity Based on Express-Slow Mode

Urban railway transport that connects suburbs and city areas is characterized by uneven temporal and spatial distribution in terms of passenger flow and underutilized carrying capacity. This paper aims to develop methodologies to measure the carrying capacity of the urban railway by introducing a concept of the express-slow mode. We first explore factors influencing the carrying capacity under the express-slow mode and the interactive relationships among these factors. Then we establish seven different scenarios to measure the carrying capacity by considering the ratio of the number of the express trains and the slow trains, the station where overtaking takes place, and the number of overtaking maneuvers. Taking Shanghai Metro Line 16 as an empirical study, the proposed methods to measure the carrying capacity under different express-slow mode are proved to be valid. This paper contributes to the literature by remodifying the traditional methods to measure the carrying capacity when different express-slow modes are applied to improve the carrying capacity of the suburban railway

Dynamic estimating the karst tunnel water inrush based on monitoring data during excavation

The tunnel water gushing has long been a difficult hydrogeological problem, especially in karst areas. It affects the entire process of tunnel construction, operation and maintenance. In view of the complex disaster-causing mechanism and difficult quantitative predictions of water inrush, several theoretical methods are adopted to realize dynamic assessment of water inrush in the progressive process of tunnel construction. According to a survey conducted in the Zoumaling tunnel near Chongqing, China, 62% of its total length, e.g., 1525 m is associated with karst（including a fault fracture zone). On the basis of collecting real-time monitoring data about water inrush in the excavated section of the Zoumaling tunnel, a fuzzy data analysis method has been used to analyze the content of seven common ions in the inflow water, which makes it possible to classify the groundwater types and to establish the hydrogeological model of the tunnel site. In order to forecast the possibility and quantity of water inrush, it is essential to accurately model the groundwater system spatially. The preliminary forecasting result about untapped section reveals a small possibility of a sudden water inflow disaster and 35,000 m3/d water inflow, which is close to the ultimately measured quantity of water. This study provides a theoretical reference for the prediction of water inrush during tunnel construction, and the main characteristic of this study is reflected in the real-time prediction of tunnel water inrush according to actual tunnel inflow of excavated sections. This approach can be applied in similar situations for the prediction of tunnel water inrush in other karst regions.Key words: karst region, tunnel water inrush; dynamic estimate; fuzzy cluster analysis.Pričakovana dinamika vdora vode v predore na podlagi meritev med njihovo gradnjoPojav vdiranja vode v predore je že dolgo časa poznana težava, še posebej na kraških območjih. Pojavlja se med celotno gradnjo predorov, njihovo uporabo in vzdrževanjem. Za proučevanje potencialnega pojava nesreč in težavnega napovedovanja količine vdora vode je bilo preizkušenih več različnih teoretičnih metod. Te omogočajo oceno dinamike vdora vode med celotnim procesom gradnje predorov. Pri predoru Zoumaling v bližini mesta Chongqing (Kitajska) približno 62 % dolžine predora (1525 m) poteka na območju krasa in čez prelomna območja. Na podlagi v realnem času zbranih podatkov o vdorih vode v izkopanih odsekih predora Zoumaling se je naredila analiza mehkih množic. Ta je bila uporabljena za analizo sedmih v vodi najbolj značilnih ionov in je omogočila razvrstitev podzemne vode v različne skupine, s tem pa izdelavo hidrogeološkega modela neposredne okolice predora. Za analizo verjetnosti vdora vode in njene možne količine je izdelava natančnega modela vodonosnika zelo pomembna. Prvi rezultati, ki se nanašajo na en še nedokončan odsek, kažejo na majhno možnost nenadnega vdora vode. Največja možna dnevna količina vdora je ocenjena na 35.000 m3, kar je blizu najvišje izmerjene dnevne količine dotoka. Pričujoča raziskava vzpostavlja teoretično podlago za napoved vdora vode v času gradnje predora, glavna posebnost pa je napoved vdora v realnem času na podlagi izmerjenega dotoka v že izkopanih odsekih predora. Predstavljen postopek in napovedi, ki jih omogoča, se lahko uporabijo v podobnih primerih tudi na drugih kraških območjih.Ključne besede: kraško območje, vdor vode v predore, pričakovana dinamika, analiza mehkih množic.