Novel Non-equilibrium Phase Transition Caused by Non-linear Hadronic-quark Phase Structure

We consider how the occurrence of first-order phase transitions in non-constant pressure differs from those at constant pressure. The former has shown the non-linear phase structure of mixed matter, which implies a particle number dependence of the binding energies of the two species. If the mixed matter is mixed hadron-quark phase, nucleon outgoing from hadronic phase and ingoing to quark phase probably reduces the system to a non-equilibrium state, in other words, there exists the imbalance of the two phases when deconfinement takes place. This novel non-equilibrium process is very analogous to the nuclear reactions that nuclei emit neutrons and absorb them under appropriate conditions. We present self-consistent thermodynamics in description for the processes and identify the microphysics responsible for the processes. The microphysics is an inevitable consequence of non-linear phase structure instead of the effect of an additional dissipation force. When applying our findings to the neutron star containing mixed hadron-quark matter, it is found that the newly discovered energy release might strongly change the thermal evolution behavior of the star.Comment: 18pages,3figures;to be accepted for publication in Physics Letters

Retrospective analysis of the impact on the nursing compliance to rehabilitation in elderly patients with stroke dysphagia and their family members

目的  探讨脑卒中吞咽障碍患者及家属饮食护理的依从性对康复效果的影响。方法  对2014年1月14日—12月29日入院的老年脑卒中吞咽障碍患者43名，其中女性患者18名，脑出血8名，脑梗死10名；男性患着25名，脑出血11名，脑梗死14名进行SSA评分，根据误吸风险等级实施饮食分级护理，依据临床营养学知识为患者选择合理的饮食和进食方式进行针对性的饮食指导，强化安全意识，所有患者给予吞咽训练。比较患者住院期间饮食护理依从性与患者发生误吸、窒息、肺炎的关系，采用日常生活能力评估表评价对康复效果的影响。结果  2014年老年脑卒中吞咽障碍患者43例，依据SSA评定结果对吞咽障碍患者进行误吸风险分级，实施相应的个性化的饮食分级护理和吞咽指导8周，依从性好的患者中发生窒息1例，肺炎1例，误吸3例；依从性差的患者中发生窒息3例，肺炎5例，误吸8例，根据患者饮食护理依从性比较，误吸发生率比较有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论  提高患者饮食护理的依从性，保障了病人的饮食安全和生命安全，完善了护理安全预警系统。Objective: To investigate the effects of diet nursing compliance to the rehabilitation in stroke patients with dysphagia. Methods: SSA scale was assessed for 43 cases of elderly stroke patients with dysphagia. The patients were admitted from January 14 to December 29, 2014, including 18 female patients (cerebral hemorrhage 8 cases, cerebral infarction 10 cases) and 25 men patients (cerebral hemorrhage 11 cases, cerebral infarction 14 cases). According to the level of risk of aspiration, diet grading nursing was done. A reasonable diet and eating pattern were selected, which was based on clinical nutrition knowledge. Swallowing training was given to the patients, with targeted dietary guidance to strengthen safety awareness. The relationship of the diet care compliance and the aspiration, asphyxia, and pneumonia was studied, and daily living assessment table was used to evaluate the effect of rehabilitation. Results: 43 cases of elderly stroke patients with dysphagia in 2014 were included. According to the SSA evaluation results, patients were graded by aspiration hazard. After the implementation of appropriate personalized diet grading nursing and swallowing guidance for eight weeks, patients with good compliance occurred: asphyxia 1 case, pneumonia 1 case, aspiration 3 cases, but patients with poor compliance occurs : asphyxia 3 cases, pneumonia 5 cases, aspiration 8 cases. Aspiration incidence based on patient care compliance was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: It is important to improve diet nursing compliance in patients. It can provide protection for food safety and life safety, and improve the care and safety warning systems.

Temperature and impurity effects of the polaron in an asymmetric quantum dot

We study the temperature and impurity effects of the ground state energy and the ground state binding energy in an asymmetric quantum dot by using the liner combination operator method. It is found that the ground state energy and the ground state binding energy will increase with increasing the temperature. The ground state ener-gy is a decreasing function of the Coulomb bound potential, whereas the ground state binding energy is an in-creasing one of it

Confronting strange stars with compact-star observations and new physics

Strange stars ought to exist in the universe according to the strange quark matter hypothesis, which states that matter made of roughly equal numbers of up, down, and strange quarks could be the true ground state of baryonic matter rather than ordinary atomic nuclei. Theoretical models of strange quark matter, such as the standard MIT bag model, the density-dependent quark mass model, or the quasi-particle model, however, appear to be unable to reproduce some of the properties (masses, radii and tidal deformabilities) of recently observed compact stars. This is different if alternative gravity theory (e.g., non-Newtonian gravity) or dark matter (e.g., mirror dark matter) are considered, which resolve these issues. The possible existence of strange stars could thus provide a clue to new physics, as discussed in this review.Comment: 26 pages, 11 figures. Review paper accepted for publication in Univers

8-Benzoyl-7-hy­droxy-4-methyl-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one monohydrate

In the title compound, C17H12O4·H2O, the coumarin ring system is approximately planar with a maximum atomic deviation of 0.011 (2) Å, and is nearly perpendicular to the phenyl ring at a dihedral angle of 86.63 (9)°. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by classical O—H⋯O and weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. π–π stacking is also present [centroid–centroid distance = 3.6898 (12) Å]

Effects of Thiophene Units on Substituted Benzothiadiazole and Benzodithiophene Copolymers for Photovoltaic Applications

Two conjugated copolymers, P1 and P2, comprising of benzodithiophene and 5, 6-dioctyloxy-benzothiadiazole (DOBT) derivatives with/without thiophene unit, were synthesized via Stille cross-coupling polymerization reaction. These copolymers are promising for the applications in BHJ solar cells due to their good solubilities， proper thermal stability and moderate hole mobility as well as low bandgap. The photovoltaic properties of the copolymers were investigated based on the blend of the different polymer/PC71BM weight ratio under AM1.5G illumination, 100 mW/cm2. The device with ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P2: PC71BM (1:2, w/w)/Ca/Al gave relatively better photovoltaic performance, with a power conversion efficiency of 1.55%