Measurement to radius of Newton’s ring fringes using polar coordinate transform

Background: Newton’s ring method is often used to measure many physical parameters. And some measured physical quantity can be extracted by calculating the radius parameter of circular fringes from Newton's ring configuration. Methods: The paper presents a new measuring method for radius of circular fringes, which includes three main steps, i.e., determination of center coordinates of circular fringes, polar coordinates transformation of circular fringes, and gray projection of the transformed result which along the horizontal direction. Then the radius values of each order ring are calculated. Results: The simulated results indicate that the measuring accuracy of the radius under the effect of random noise can keep the degree of less than 0.5 pixels. Conclusions: The proposed method can obtain the radius data of each order closed circular fringes. Also, it has several other advantages, including ability of good anti-noise, sub-pixel accuracy and high reliability, and easy to in-situ use

Silicon carbide and other films and method of deposition

A method of depositing a ceramic film, particularly a silicon carbide film, on a substrate is disclosed in which the residual stress, residual stress gradient, and resistivity are controlled. Also disclosed are substrates having a deposited film with these controlled properties and devices, particularly MEMS and NEMS devices, having substrates with films having these properties

catena-Poly[[tris[silver(I)-μ-4,4′-bi­pyridine-κ2 N:N′]] tris­(perchlorate) di­hydrate]

In the title compound, {[Ag3(C10H8N2)3](ClO4)3·2H2O}n, one of the AgI ions, one of the 4,4′-bipyridine (bipy) ligands and one of the perchlorate anions are each situated on a twofold rotation axis. Each AgI ion is coordinated by two N atoms from two bridging bipy ligands, forming chains along [101]. π–π inter­actions between the pyridine rings [centroid–centroid distances = 3.638 (8) and 3.688 (8) Å] connect the chains. Inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the uncoord­inated water mol­ecules and the perchlorate anions

Composition Comprising Silicon Carbide

A method of depositing a ceramic film, particularly a silicon carbide film, on a substrate is disclosed in which the residual stress, residual stress gradient, and resistivity are controlled. Also disclosed are substrates having a deposited film with these controlled properties and devices, particularly MEMS and NEMS devices, having substrates with films having these properties

Bis(μ-3-chloro­benzene-1,2-dicarboxyl­ato-κ2 O 2:O 2)bis­[diaqua­(5,5′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine-κ2 N,N′)copper(II)]

In the centrosymmetric binuclear title compound, [Cu2(C8H3ClO4)2(C12H12N2)2(H2O)4], the CuII ion is six-coordinated by two N atoms from a 5,5′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine ligand, two bridging O atoms from two 3-chloro­benzene-1,2-dicarboxyl­ate ligands and two water mol­ecules in a distorted octa­hedral geometry. The binuclear complex mol­ecules are linked together by inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into a layer parallel to (100). The layers are connected by C—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds. Intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and π–π inter­actions [centroid–centroid distance = 3.5958 (16) Å] are also present

Sulforaphane induces adipocyte browning and promotes glucose and lipid utilization

Scope: Obesity is closely related to the imbalance of white adipose tissue storing excess calories, and brown adipose tissue dissipating energy to produce heat in mammals. Recent studies revealed that acquisition of brown characteristics by white adipocytes, termed “browning,” may positively contribute to cellular bioenergetics and metabolism homeostasis. The goal was to investigate the putative effects of natural antioxidant sulforaphane (1-isothiocyanate-4-methyl-sulfonyl butane; SFN) on browning of white adipocytes. Methods and Results: 3T3-L1 mature white adipocytes were treated with SFN for 48 h, and then the mitochondrial content, function, and energy utilization were assessed. SFN was found to induce 3T3-L1 adipocytes browning based on the increased mitochondrial content and activity of respiratory chain enzymes, whereas the mechanism involved the upregulation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2/ sirtuin1/ peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha signaling. SFN enhanced uncoupling protein 1 expression, a marker for brown adipocyte, leading to the decrease in cellular ATP. SFN also enhanced glucose uptake and oxidative utilization, lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Conclusion: SFN-induced browning of white adipocytes enhanced the utilization of cellular fuel, and the application of SFN is a promising strategy to combat obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorder

Effects of aminoguanidine on retinal apoptosis in mice with oxygen-induced retinopathy

<b>AIM:</b> To explore the protective effects of aminoguanidine (AG) on retinal apoptosis in mice with oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR).<b>METHODS</b>:A total of 80 C57BL/6J mice, aged 7 days, were randomly divided into four groups:normal, high oxygen, high oxygen saline and high oxygen treated with AG. In the normal group, mice were housed in normoxic conditions from postnatal day P7 to P17. Mice in the other 3 groups were placed under hyperoxic conditions (75±2%O2) in an oxygen-regulated chamber for 5 days and subsequently placed in normoxic conditions for 5 days. Mice in the AG group were treated once daily, from P12 to P17, with AG hemisulfate (100mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneally) dissolved in physiological saline. An equivalent amount of 0.9% physiological saline was administered, as above, to mice in the high oxygen saline group. Ten mice were randomly selected from each group on P14 and on P17, euthanized and the retinas examined. Apoptotic cells in the retina were detected using the terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) method. The expression of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the retina was detected by immunohistochemistry and changes in rod cells were observed using electron microscopy.<b>RESULTS</b>:TUNEL-positive cells and iNOS immunoreactive neurons were present in the inner nuclear and ganglion cell retinal layers of mice in the high oxygen group. The number of TUNEL-positive cells was significantly greater in the high oxygen group compared with the normal group (<i>t</i>=-20.81, <i>P</i>14d <0.05; <i>t</i>=-15.05, <i>P</i>17d<0.05). However, the number of TUNEL-positive cells in the AG treatment group was significantly lower (<i>t</i>=-13.21, <i>P</i>14d<0.05; <i>t</i>=-6.61,<i>P</i>17d <0.05) compared with the high oxygen group. The expression of iNOS was significantly higher in the high oxygen group compared with the normal group (<i>t</i>=-21.95, <i>P</i>14d<0.05; <i>t</i>=-17.30, <i>P</i>17d<0.05). However, the expression of iNOS in the AG treatment group was significantly lower (<i>t</i>=-12.17,<i>P</i>14d<0.05; <i>t</i>=-10.30,<i>P</i>17d<0.05) compared with the high oxygen group. The outer segments of the rods were disorganized and short in the high oxygen group. Rod morphology appeared to be slightly improved in the AG group.<b>CONCLUSION</b>:AG may protect retinal neurons in OIR by inhibiting apoptosis. The mechanism may be related to iNOS