10 research outputs found
Enhanced Physical and Oxidative Stabilities of Soy Protein-Based Emulsions by Incorporation of a Water-Soluble Stevioside–Resveratrol Complex
To
strengthen the effectiveness of resveratrol (RES) as a natural
antioxidant in food systems, this work attempted to enhance the water
solubility of RES by utilizing the solubilizing properties of stevioside
(STE) and investigated the effect of STE-solubilized RES (STE–RES)
incorporation on the stability of soy protein isolate (SPI)-based
emulsions. The physical properties and oxidative stability of SPI
emulsions with STE/STE–RES were evaluated. The water solubility
of RES increased with the increase of STE concentration up to its
critical micelle concentration, suggesting the solubilization of hydrophobic
RES in STE self-assembled micelles. STE micelles competitively adsorbed
at the oil–water interface with SPI, forming a mixed SPI and
STE interfacial layer, thus resulting in a decrease in particle size
and evident enhancement in the physical stability of SPI-based emulsions.
After the incorporation of STE–RES, SPI emulsions showed an
enhanced oxidative stability with reduced lipid hydroperoxides and
volatile hexanal. This improvement was believed to be mainly attributed
to the targeted migration of RES to the interface during the adsorption
of the STE–RES complex, as evidenced by high interfacial accumulation
of RES
Synergistic Foaming and Surface Properties of a Weakly Interacting Mixture of Soy Glycinin and Biosurfactant Stevioside
The adsorption of the mixtures of
soy glycinin (11S) with a biosurfactant
stevioside (STE) at the air–water interface was studied to
understand its relation with foaming properties. A combination of
several techniques such as dynamic surface tension, dilatational rheology,
fluorescence spectroscopy, and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC)
was used. In the presence of intermediate STE concentrations (0.25–0.5%),
the weak binding of STE with 11S in bulk occurred by hydrophobic interactions,
which could induce conformational changes of 11S, as evidenced by
fluorescence and ITC. Accordingly, the strong synergy in reducing
surface tension and the plateau in surface elasticity for mixed 11S–STE
layers formed from the weakly interacting mixtures were clearly observed.
This effect could be explained by the complexation with STE, which
might facilitate the partial dissociation and further unfolding of
11S upon adsorption, thus enhancing the protein–protein and
protein–STE interfacial interactions. These surface properties
were positively reflected in foams produced by the weakly interacting
system, which exhibited good foaming capacity and considerable stability
probably due to better response to external stresses. However, at
high STE concentrations (1–2%), as a consequence of the interface
dominated by STE due to the preferential adsorption of STE molecules,
the surface elasticity of layers dramatically decreased, and the resultant
foams became less stable
Stress and anxiety in couples submitted to assisted reproduction.
Este trabalhou avaliou o stress e a ansiedade em 30 casais, que se submeteram à reprodução assistida no momento anterior à coleta dos óvulos e/ou espermatozóides, tendo um tempo de infertilidade que variou de 1 a 17 anos. Para avaliação da ansiedade foi aplicado o STAI-STATE TRAIT ANXIETY INVENTORY (STAI) e o Stress foi avaliado através do SCOPE-STRESS. No STAI foi acrescentada uma escala visual analógica para medir também a intensidade da ansiedade. A Ficha de Identificação avaliou questões como: idade, sexo, nacionalidade, profissão, ocupação, religião, grau de instrução, renda mensal, estado civil, tempo de casado e questões como: tempo de infertilidade, filhos naturais ou adotivos, profissionais implicados no tratamento, a existência de tentativas anteriores e os momentos de maior tensão emocional nas tentativas anteriores e a atual. Dentre os 36 sujeitos que já haviam feito tentativas anteriores de Reprodução Assistida, um dos três momentos de maior tensão emocional foi o de aguardar a gravidez. Dentre os 60 sujeitos, ou seja, todos os que estão na tentativa atual, aguardar a gravidez foi também um dos três momentos que geraram maior tensão. O diagnóstico de infertilidade foi misto em 33,3% dos casais, apenas feminino em 20% e apenas masculino em 46,7% dos casais. As mulheres apresentaram grau de ansiedade significantemente maior que os homens quanto às escalas Stai-Trait freqüência e intensidade e semelhantes quanto às escalas Stai-State freqüência e intensidade. Não houve diferença significante entre os escores médios dos homens e mulheres quanto às medidas descritivas do Scope-Stress.This work evaluated stress and anxiety in 30 couples submitted to assisted reproduction, with an infertility period that ranged from 1 to 17 years, the moment just before the oocyte retrieval and/or semen sample. For anxiety evaluation the Stai-State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was applied, and stress was evaluated using the Scope-Stress. While applying STAI, a visual analogic scale was added to measure the intensity of anxiety. The identification form included information such as: age, gender, nationality, profession, occupation, religion, school level, monthly income, marital status, married time and issues such as: infertility period, existence of natural or adoptive children, professionals involved in infertility treatment, existence of previous attempts and the moments of major emotional stress during the previous attempts and during the present one. Among the 36 subjects submitted to previous attempts of Assisted Reproduction, one of the three moments of major emotional stress was the attendance of pregnancy confirmation. Among the all 60 subjects submitted to the present attempt, attendance of pregnancy confirmation also was one of the three moments of major emotional stress. Infertility diagnosis was mixed in 33,3% of the couples, exclusively feminine in 20% and exclusively masculine in 46,7% of the couples. Women presented a significantly higher anxiety degree than men, regarding the STAI-TRAIT scales of frequency and intensity and similar regarding the STAI-STATE scales of frequency and intensity. There was no significant difference between the mean scores of men and women regarding descriptive measures of the SCOPE-STRESS
Facile Synthesis of Gold Nanospheres Modified by Positively Charged Mesoporous Silica, Loaded with Near-Infrared Fluorescent Dye, for in Vivo X‑ray Computed Tomography and Fluorescence Dual Mode Imaging
We developed a simple and efficient
method to synthesize a novel
probe for both computed tomography (CT) and fluorescence imaging.
Gold nanospheres were coated with positively charged mesoporous silica
(Au@mSiO<sub>2</sub>-TTA) using a one-pot method to cohydrolyze quaternary
ammonium silane and tetraethyl orthosilicate. Subsequently, IR-783,
a negatively charged and water-soluble near-infrared fluorescent dye,
was electrostatically adsorbed into the silica shell. Transmission
electron microscopy imaging, X-ray powder diffraction, and energy
dispersive X-ray spectroscopy indicated that Au@mSiO<sub>2</sub>-TTA
had a clear core–shell structure, was monodisperse, had a large
surface area (530 m<sup>2</sup>/g), and had a uniform pore size (2.2
nm). The mesoporous structure could effectively load fluorescent dye.
After loading, the zeta potential of the nanoparticle dropped from
48 mV to 30 mV, and after additional modification with polyvinylpyrrolidone,
it further reduced to 6 mV. Probe fluorescence was stable over time,
and the probe was an effective CT contrast agent and as a near-infrared
fluorescent probe. The half-life of the probe in the blood was 1.5
h, and the probe was mainly distributed in the spleen and liver 4
h after injection. Tissue sections showed that major organs were normal
and without visible morphological changes, 6 days post injection,
indicating the biocompatibility of the probe
Slowing the Starch Digestion by Structural Modification through Preparing Zein/Pectin Particle Stabilized Water-in-Water Emulsion
Slowing the digestion of starch is
one of the dominant concerns
in the food industry. A colloidal structural modification strategy
for solving this problem was proposed in this work. Due to thermodynamic
incompatibility between two biopolymers, water/water emulsion of waxy
corn starch (WCS) droplets dispersed in a continuous aqueous guar
gum (GG) was prepared, and zein particles (ZPs), obtained by antisolvent
precipitation and pectin modification, were used as stabilizer. As
the ratio of zein to pectin in the particles was 1:1, their wetting
properties in the two polysaccharides were similar, which made them
accumulate at the interface and cover the WCS-rich droplets. The analysis
of digestibility curves indicated that a rapid (rate constant <i>k</i><sub>1</sub>: 0.145 min<sup>–1</sup>) and a slow
phase (<i>k</i><sub>2</sub>: 0.022 min<sup>–1</sup>) existed during WCS digestion. However, only one slow phase (<i>k</i><sub>2</sub>: 0.019 min<sup>–1</sup>) was found
in the WCS/GG emulsion, suggesting that this structure was effective
in slowing starch digestion
Development of Pickering Emulsions Stabilized by Gliadin/Proanthocyanidins Hybrid Particles (GPHPs) and the Fate of Lipid Oxidation and Digestion
This
work attempted to engineer emulsions’ interface using
the special affinity between proline-rich gliadin and proanthocyanidins
(PA), to develop surfactant-free antioxidant Pickering emulsions with
digestive-resistant properties. This binding interaction between gliadin
and PA benefited the interfacial adsorption of the particles to corn
oil droplets. Pickering droplets as building units assembled into
an interconnected three-dimensional network structure, giving the
emulsions viscoelasticity and ultrastability. Oxidative markers in
Pickering emulsions were periodically monitored under thermally accelerated
storage. Lipid digestion and oxidation fates were characterized using
in vitro gastrointestinal (GI) models. The interfacial membrane constructed
by antioxidant particles served as a valid barrier against lipid oxidation
and digestion, in a PA dose-dependent manner. Briefly, lipid oxidation
under storage and simulated GI tract was retarded. Free fatty acid
(FFA) fraction released decreased by 55% from 87.9% (bulk oil) to
39.5% (Pickering emulsion), implying engineering interfacial architecture
potentially benefited to fight obesity. This study opens a facile
strategy to tune lipid oxidation and digestion profiles through the
cooperation of the Pickering principle and the interfacial delivery
of antioxidants
The Self-Evaluation of a School. The Function, Role and Responsibilities of School Leadership when Creating Evaluation Methods
Centrum školského managementuFaculty of EducationPedagogická fakult
Protein-Based Pickering Emulsion and Oil Gel Prepared by Complexes of Zein Colloidal Particles and Stearate
This paper describes the successful
preparation of a protein-based
Pickering emulsion, with superior stability against both coalesence
and creaming, through a novel strategy of facilitating the formation
of protein particles and small molecular weight surfactant complexes;
these complexes are able to overcome multiple challenges including
limited solubility, poor diffusive mobility, and low interfacial loading.
Soluble complexes of water-insoluble corn protein, zein colloidal
particles, and surfactant sodium stearate (SS) were fabricated by
simple ultrasonication. Gel trapping technology combined with SEM
was applied to characterize the adsorbed particles monolayer at the
oil–water interface; results revealed an enhanced adsorption
and targeted accumulation of zein particles at the interface with
the increase of SS concentration. Partial unfolding of zein particles
modified by SS above its critical complexation concentration triggered
the aggregation and close packing of particles at the oil–water
interface and endowed a steric barrier against the coalescence of
oil droplets. Moreover, protein-based oil gels without oil leakage
were obtained by one-step freeze-drying of the zein-stabilized Pickering
emulsions, which could be developed to a viable strategy for structuring
liquid oils into semisolid fats without the use of saturated or <i>trans</i> fats
MOESM3 of A multifunctional targeting probe with dual-mode imaging and photothermal therapy used in vivo
Additional file 3 Video of in vivo PAI of same part of tumor on the nude mouse under 523Ă‚Â nm laser excitation
In Vivo Computed Tomography/Photoacoustic Imaging and NIR-Triggered Chemo–Photothermal Combined Therapy Based on a Gold Nanostar‑, Mesoporous Silica‑, and Thermosensitive Liposome-Composited Nanoprobe
Safe multifunctional
nanoplatforms that have multiple therapeutic functions integrated
with imaging capabilities are highly desired for biomedical applications.
In this paper, targeted chemo–photothermal synergistic therapy
and photoacoustic/computed tomography imaging of tumors were achieved
by one novel multifunctional nanoprobe (GMS/DOX@SLB-FA); it was composed
of a gold nanostar core and a doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded mesoporous
silica shell (GMS), which was coated with a folic acid (FA)-modified
thermosensitively supported lipid bilayer (SLB-FA) as a gatekeeper.
The multifunctional probe had perfect dispersion and stability; 2.1
nm mesoporous pores and 208 nm hydration particle sizes were obtained.
In vitro studies indicated that the drug-loaded probe had excellent
ability to control the release of DOX, with 71.98 ± 2.52% cumulative
release after laser irradiation, which was significantly higher than
that of unirradiated control group. A survival rate of 72.75 ±
4.37% of HeLa cells at 57.75 ÎĽg/mL probe also demonstrated the
low cytotoxicity of the targeted probe. Both in vitro and in vivo
results showed that the probe could achieve targeted photoacoustic
imaging of tumors because of the fact that the FA-modified probe could
specifically recognize the overexpressed FA receptors on tumor cells;
meanwhile, the probe could also achieve the chemo–photothermal
synergistic therapy of tumors through controlling the drug release
from mesoporous channels by a near-infrared laser. Therefore, the
probe had great potential in the early diagnosis and treatment of
cancer