Impact of high-frequency pumping on anomalous finite-size effects in three-dimensional topological insulators

Lowering of the thickness of a thin-film three-dimensional topological insulator down to a few nanometers results in the gap opening in the spectrum of topologically protected two-dimensional surface states. This phenomenon, which is referred to as the anomalous finite-size effect, originates from hybridization between the states propagating along the opposite boundaries. In this work, we consider a bismuth-based topological insulator and show how the coupling to an intense high-frequency linearly polarized pumping can further be used to manipulate the value of a gap. We address this effect within recently proposed Brillouin-Wigner perturbation theory that allows us to map a time-dependent problem into a stationary one. Our analysis reveals that both the gap and the components of the group velocity of the surface states can be tuned in a controllable fashion by adjusting the intensity of the driving field within an experimentally accessible range and demonstrate the effect of light-induced band inversion in the spectrum of the surface states for high enough values of the pump.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure

Histopathologic features of ALK-positive diffuse large B cell lymphoma.

<p>(haematoxylin & eosin). A: Medium- to large-sized cells with prominent nucleoli B: Sinusoidal Invasion C: plasmablastic/immunoblastic differentiation D: Multinucleated giant neoplastic cells E: Focal necrosis F: frequent mitosis.</p

Clinical information and follow up data of 17 patients.

<p>Clinical information and follow up data of 17 patients.</p

s1.docx, s2.dox Xiang-Nan Jiang

Primers for the detection of ALK fusion transcripts and <b>summary of immunohistochemical findings</b

Summary of the clinicopathologic fueatures of the ALK+, LBCL cases of our study and the reviewed literatures.

<p>Summary of the clinicopathologic fueatures of the ALK+, LBCL cases of our study and the reviewed literatures.</p

Immunophenotypic features of PI-ENKTCL.

<p>The neoplastic cells were positive for CD3 (A), CD56 (B) and TIA-1 (C). Positivity for CD30 (D) was seen in some larger atypical cells.</p

A representative case of primary intestinal CD4+ ENKTCL involving the ileum.

<p>(A) The neoplastic cells were predominantly small to medium-sized ones with slightly irregular nuclei. Tumor cells were diffusely positive for (B) CD56 and (C) CD4. (D) In situ hybridization for EBER demonstrated positive signals.</p

The clinicopathological features of primary intestinal CD4+ ENKTCL.

<p>The clinicopathological features of primary intestinal CD4+ ENKTCL.</p

Kaplan-Meier survival curves of patients with PI-ENKTCL according to CD4 expression.

<p>Patients with a CD4-positive tumor had a slightly better OS compared with those with CD4-negative ones, although the difference was not statistically significant (<i>p</i> = 0.192).</p

Histological features of PI-ENKTCL.

<p>(A) A low power view of the H&E stained section showed the overlying mucosa was partially effaced and the neoplastic cells extensively infiltrated the muscular wall. (B) A blood vessel with invasion by the neoplastic cells was shown. (C) A high power view demonstrated that the tumor was composed of a mixture of small, medium and large atypical lymphoid cells, with some hallmark cells identified. (D) Numerous eosinophils and plasma cells were intermingled with the tumor cells.</p