Relationship between nutrient pollutants and suspended sediments in upper reaches of Yangtze River

AbstractIn order to study the relationship between nutrient pollutants and suspended sediments (SS) in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and two tributaries, water samples were collected from September 1, 2010 to September 30, 2011 at the Zhutuo, Cuntang, Beibei, Wulong, Qingxichang, Wanxian, and Fengjie cross-sections. In the laboratory, the SS concentration and the concentration of SS whose particle size was smaller than 0.02 mm were measured. The phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), and permanganate index (CODMn) concentrations in the natural water sample, the settled water sample, and two types of filtered water samples obtained through filter membranes with pore sizes of 0.02 mm and 0.45 μm were monitored synchronously. The results show that there are strong relationships between the P and CODMn concentrations and the SS concentration. P mainly exists in particulate form, while N mainly exists in dissolved form. SS whose particle size is smaller than 0.02 mm accounts for a high proportion of sediments in the Yangtze River and has a strong effect on water quality. At the seven cross-sections, the amounts of P, N, and CODMn in particulate form in the wet season are higher than in the dry season and the adsorption amounts of P, N, and CODMn per unit mass of sediment are higher in the dry season than in the wet season

Long Latency and High Variability in Accuracy-Speed of Prosaccades in Alzheimer's Disease at Mild to Moderate Stage

Background: Studying saccades is a useful tool to investigate brain function. There is still controversy regarding deficits in prosaccades in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and a study of saccades in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has not been published to date. Methods: We examined horizontal saccades in 10 healthy elderly, and 9 MCI and 9 AD patients. Two tasks were used: gap (fixation target extinguishes prior to target onset) and overlap (fixation stays on after target onset). Eye movements were recorded with the Skalar IRIS system. Results: (1) Latencies were shorter in the gap than in the overlap task (a gap effect) in all three groups of subjects: healthy elderly, MCI and AD; (2) for both tasks, latency of saccades was longer for AD patients than for healthy and MCI subjects, and (3) accuracy and mean velocity were normal in MCI and AD subjects, however, variability in accuracy-speed was higher for AD patients than for healthy and MCI subjects in the overlap task. Conclusions: Abnormalities in reaction time and accuracy-speed variability reflect deficits in cerebral areas involved in the triggering and execution of saccades; a saccade test can be useful to follow up the evolution of MCI subjects as some of them may develop AD disease

Amphibians and Reptiles of Dinghushan in Guangdong Province, China’s Oldest Nature Reserve

Dinghushan is the only nature reserve at the Tropic of Cancer in mainland China with extensive old growth monsoonal hardwood forest. We here assemble a comprehensive list, with life history notes, of amphibians and reptiles of Dinghushan. Relevant records were scattered over three centuries since the first in 1886. A total of 71 species are known to occur in the reserve, and this number of species per area far exceeds that predicted by classic island biogeographic theory. Among these 71 species, nine are new records: Five frogs (Amolops ricketti, Hylarana macrodactyla, Hylarana taipehensis, Odorrana schmackeri, and Occidozyga lima) and four snakes (Oligodon cinereus, Sinonatrix percarinata, Sinomicrurus macclellandi, and Trimeresurus stejnegeri). One undetermined skink may confound the generic definitions for the genera of Scincella and Sphenomorphus. Among these 71 species, 21 that are not closely associated with old growth forest have not been seen recently. Forest recovery and reforestation of farmland over five decades since the nature reserve was established in 1956 may have contributed to the decline of these species. Dinghushan has 97% of its species occurring strictly in the Oriental zone; among them, about 78% (55) occur both in the South China and Central China regions, 21% (15) occur only in the South China region, and one species was previously known only from the Central China region. The unique location of Dinghushan makes long-term monitoring of its herpetofaunal diversity important for future collaborative studies on a global scale

Amphibians and Reptiles of Dinghushan in Guangdong Province, China’s Oldest Nature Reserve

Dinghushan is the only nature reserve at the Tropic of Cancer in mainland China with extensive old growth monsoonal hardwood forest. We here assemble a comprehensive list, with life history notes, of amphibians and reptiles of Dinghushan. Relevant records were scattered over three centuries since the first in 1886. A total of 71 species are known to occur in the reserve, and this number of species per area far exceeds that predicted by classic island biogeographic theory. Among these 71 species, nine are new records: Five frogs (Amolops ricketti, Hylarana macrodactyla, Hylarana taipehensis, Odorrana schmackeri, and Occidozyga lima) and four snakes (Oligodon cinereus, Sinonatrix percarinata, Sinomicrurus macclellandi, and Trimeresurus stejnegeri). One undetermined skink may confound the generic definitions for the genera of Scincella and Sphenomorphus. Among these 71 species, 21 that are not closely associated with old growth forest have not been seen recently. Forest recovery and reforestation of farmland over five decades since the nature reserve was established in 1956 may have contributed to the decline of these species. Dinghushan has 97% of its species occurring strictly in the Oriental zone; among them, about 78% (55) occur both in the South China and Central China regions, 21% (15) occur only in the South China region, and one species was previously known only from the Central China region. The unique location of Dinghushan makes long-term monitoring of its herpetofaunal diversity important for future collaborative studies on a global scale

Observation of prolonged coherence time of the collective spin wave of atomic ensemble in a paraffin coated Rb vapor cell

We report a prolonged coherence time of the collective spin wave of a thermal 87Rb atomic ensemble in a paraffin coated cell. The spin wave is prepared through a stimulated Raman Process. The long coherence time time is achieved by prolonging the lifetime of the spins with paraffin coating and minimize dephasing with optimal experimental configuration. The observation of the long time delayed-stimulated Stokes signal in the writing process suggests the prolonged lifetime of the prepared spins; a direct measurement of the decay of anti-Stokes signal in the reading process shows the coherence time is up to 300 us after minimizing dephasing. This is one hundred times longer than the reported coherence time in the similar experiments in thermal atomic ensembles based on the Duan-Lukin-Cirac-Zoller (DLCZ) and its improved protocols. This prolonged coherence time sets the upper limit of the memory time in quantum repeaters based on such protocols, which is crucial for the realization of long-distance quantum communication. The previous reported fluorescence background in the writing process due to collision in a sample cell with buffer gas is also reduced in a cell without buffer gas.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Nursing care of 1 cases of closed degree Ⅲ bedsore in elderly patients in a vegetative state

植物人因神经系统损伤，完全丧失认知能力，无自主行为能力，常年卧床，无法自主翻身，无知觉无痛感，无法把身体不适的信息传递给他人，身体局部因长时受压，血液循环不畅，造成细胞坏死，极易发生褥疮。特别是闭合性褥疮，不容易发现，严重影响植物人的治疗和康复，甚至威胁患者的生命。日常护理中应密切观察患者病情，精心护理可减少并发症的发生。本文内容是对1例老年患者的护理总结，为临床护理提供经验。Patients in a vegetative state due to nervous system injury loss cognitive ability, and have no autonomous behavior ability.They lie in bed perennial, unable to turn over, unconscious painless, and can't put the discomfort message to others.Their partial body because of long time compression, poor blood circulation, which cause cell necrosis, and lead to decubitus. Especially the closed bedsore, not easy to find,and seriously affect the treatment and rehabilitation of vegetables, even threaten the life of patients. We should closely observe the patient nursing daily, to reduce the occurrence of complications by careful nursing. The article summarized the nursing of elderly patients in 1 cases, and provided experience for clinical nursing