Transmission electron microscopy photographs of thigh muscles.

<p>B and D show that the mitochondrial swelling, partial deletion of mitochondrial crest and vacuolar changes in the implanted group. (B) Additionally, the myofilaments and myocommata are unclear. (A and C) There were no abnormal morphological changes in the non-implanted control group. Scale bars: 2 μm (A, B), 200 nm (C and D).</p

Relative expression levels of the Bax and Bcl-2 mRNAs and the western blot analysis of Hsp70 (mean±SD).

<p>(A) The expression level of Bcl-2 reduced significantly in the implanted group compared with in the non-implanted control group (<i>P</i> < 0.01). Additionally, the expression levels of Bax were remarkably increased in the implanted group compared to the in the non-implanted control group (<i>P</i> < 0.01). (B,C) Hsp70 proteins were more highly expressed in the implanted group than in the non-implanted control group (<i>P</i> < 0.01). The data are presented as the means ± the SDs (n = 8). The vertical bars represent the SD.</p

data

dat

The flow with the whole protocol (A) and temperature measurement in the implanted group (B).

<p>The flow with the whole protocol (A) and temperature measurement in the implanted group (B).</p

ROS detection of thigh muscles.

<p>ROS (indicated by red fluorescence) was dramatically higher in the muscle tissue of the implanted group (B) than in that of the non-implanted control group (A). (C) The intensity of red fluorescence was assessed by Image-Pro Plus software (Media Cybernetics Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA), and the implanted group showed significantly increased ROS levels in muscle tissue (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Scale bars: 50 μm (A, B).</p

Correlation between median nerve CSAs, IOR and demographic factors in the control group.

<p>Correlation between median nerve CSAs, IOR and demographic factors in the control group.</p

Inlet-to-outlet area ratio study data

Inlet-to-outlet area ratio study dat

Demographic data of CTS and control groups.

<p>Demographic data of CTS and control groups.</p

Correlation between ultrasound measurements and electrophysiological findings in CTS group.

<p>Correlation between ultrasound measurements and electrophysiological findings in CTS group.</p

Median nerve images in carpal tunnel inlet (A and C) and carpal tunnel outlet (B and D).

<p>The arrow shows the transverse section of median nerve. (A) The normal median nerve at the carpal tunnel inlet measuring 8 mm². (B) The normal median nerve at the carpal tunnel outlet measuring 10 mm². This control had an IOR of 0.8. (C) A patient with clinical and electrodiagnostic evidence of CTS and a median nerve measuring 17 mm² at the carpal tunnel inlet. (D) The median nerve at the carpal tunnel outlet measuring 10 mm². The IOR was 1.7.</p