Humour reactions in crisis: a proximal analysis of Chinese posts on Sina Weibo in reaction to the salt panicof March 2011

This paper presents an analysis of humour use in Sina Weibo in reaction to the Chinese salt panic, which occurred as a result of the Fukushima disaster in March 2011. Basing the investigation on the humour Proximal Distancing Theory (PDT), and utilising a dataset from Sina Weibo in 2011, an examination of humour reactions is performed to identify the proximal spread of humourous Weibo posts in relation to the consequent salt panic in China. As a result of this method, we present a novel methodology for understanding humour reactions in social media, and provide recommendations on how such a method could be applied to a variety of other social media, crises, cultural and spatial settings

Clear Water Bay

ABSTRACT In order to detect methane (CH 4 ) accurately and reliably, this paper presents a sensor which consists of infrared diode, Underground the spontaneous combustion of coal, fire, electrical sparks, sparks-line locomotive, smoking and spark caused by friction, impact and blasting, can ignite CH 4 . If the oxygen content in mixture of air and CH 4 is less than 12 %, the mixture gas is not going to be explosive. In the coal mine, when CH 4 concentration is found to exceed 1%, production has to be halted, and in the condition of more than 1.5% of CH 4 concentration, all equipments are to be stopped In addition, not only does the gas pose a threat to the safety of industry and coal mine operations, but also gas leakage causing by gas pipeline corrosion of many years in the cities has become a big hidden trouble of city safety Therefore, whether it is in industry, mine or daily life, to detect CH 4 in real time is needed badly. A number of methods such as electrochemical, optical, electrical, gas chromatography methods etc. have bee

Elucidation and engineering mitochondrial respiratory-related genes for improving bioethanol production at high temperature in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Industrial manufacturing of bioproducts, especially bioethanol, can benefit from high-temperature fermentation, which requires the use of thermotolerant yeast strains. Mitochondrial activity in yeast is closely related to its overall metabolism. However, the mitochondrial respiratory changes in response to adaptive thermotolerance are still poorly understood and have been rarely utilized for developing thermotolerant yeast cell factories. Here, adaptive evolution and transcriptional sequencing, as well as whole-genome-level gene knockout, were used to obtain a thermotolerant strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Furthermore, thermotolerance and bioethanol production efficiency of the engineered strain were examined. Physiological evaluation showed the boosted fermentation capacity and suppressed mitochondrial respiratory activity in the thermotolerant strain. The improved fermentation produced an increased supply of adenosine triphosphate required for more active energy-consuming pathways. Transcriptome analysis revealed significant changes in the expression of the genes involved in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Evaluation of mitochondria-associated gene knockout confirmed that ADK1, DOC1, or MET7 were the key factors for the adaptive evolution of thermotolerance in the engineered yeast strain. Intriguingly, overexpression of DOC1 with TEF1 promoter regulation led to a 10.1% increase in ethanol production at 42 °C. The relationships between thermotolerance, mitochondrial activity, and respiration were explored, and a thermotolerant yeast strain was developed by altering the expression of mitochondrial respiration-related genes. This study provides a better understanding on the physiological mechanism of adaptive evolution of thermotolerance in yeast

Influence of residue and nitrogen fertilizer additions on carbon mineralization in soils with different texture and cropping histories.

To improve our ability to predict SOC mineralization response to residue and N additions in soils with different inherent and dynamic organic matter properties, a 330-day incubation was conducted using samples from two long-term experiments (clay loam Mollisols in Iowa [IAsoil] and silt loam Ultisols in Maryland [MDsoil]) comparing conventional grain systems (Conv) amended with inorganic fertilizers with 3 yr (Med) and longer (Long), more diverse cropping systems amended with manure. A double exponential model was used to estimate the size (Ca, Cs) and decay rates (ka, ks) of active and slow C pools which we compared with total particulate organic matter (POM) and occluded-POM (OPOM). The high-SOC IAsoil containing highly active smectite clays maintained smaller labile pools and higher decay rates than the low-SOC MDsoil containing semi-active kaolinitic clays. Net SOC loss was greater (2.6 g kg(-1); 8.6%) from the IAsoil than the MDsoil (0.9 g kg(-1), 6.3%); fractions and coefficients suggest losses were principally from IAsoil's resistant pool. Cropping history did not alter SOC pool size or decay rates in IAsoil where rotation-based differences in OPOM-C were small. In MDsoil, use of diversified rotations and manure increased ka by 32% and ks by 46% compared to Conv; differences mirrored in POM- and OPOM-C contents. Residue addition prompted greater increases in Ca (340% vs 230%) and Cs (38% vs 21%) and decreases in ka (58% vs 9%) in IAsoil than MDsoil. Reduced losses of SOC from residue-amended MDsoil were associated with increased OPOM-C. Nitrogen addition dampened CO2-C release. Clay type and C saturation dominated the IAsoil's response to external inputs and made labile and stable fractions more vulnerable to decay. Trends in OPOM suggest aggregate protection influences C turnover in the low active MDsoil. Clay charge and OPOM-C contents were better predictors of soil C dynamics than clay or POM-C contents

Highly efficient polyoxometalate-based catalysts for clean-gasoline synthesis

Poor selectivity for gasoline products is a critical issue for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS). Herein, we report that the introduction of a polyoxometalate Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40 (CsPW) into a conventional FTS catalyst (Co/Al2O3) can create a highly efficient bifunctional catalyst, leading to 118% increase in the selectivity of gasoline. Furthermore, it was found that such a significant improvement is due to the effective hydrocracking of heavier hydrocarbon products at CsPW sites

High production of fatty alcohols in Escherichia coli with fatty acid starvation

Background: Microbial biofuel synthesis attracting increasing attention. Great advances have been made in producing fatty alcohols from fatty acyl-CoAs and fatty acids in Escherichia coli. However, the low titers and limited knowledge regarding the basic characteristics of fatty alcohols, such as location and toxicity, have hampered large-scale industrialization. Further research is still needed.</p

Interactions between residue addition and cropping system or N fertilization on C mineralization coefficients.

<p>Different letters above bars indicate statistically significant difference at p<0.05, comparisons were made within each sub-figure.</p

Influence of site, management and treatment on active (<i>C</i>_a) and slow (<i>C</i>_s) carbon pool sizes and their decomposition rate constants (<i>k</i>_a, <i>k</i>_s, respectively).

<p>All coefficients were estimated by modeling Ct = Ca (1-e^{–ka t})+ Cs (1-e^{–ks t}) using cumulative CO₂ emission data. Results are means ± standard deviation for unamend control soils (Control) and all treatments (All trts).</p><p>Control: treatments with no residue or N fertilizer added. N: treatments with N fertilization. R: treatments with residue application. RN: treatments applied with both residue and N fertilizer. “Control, N” and “R, RN” represent the treatments without or with residue addition respectively; “Control, R” and “N, RN” represent the treatments without or with N fertilization respectively.</p><p>Grand mean comparisons between sites were made with controls, values not followed by the same upper case letter differ at p<0.05. Means comparisons within each site were made within treatment groups, i.e. cropping system (Conv, Med, Long), residue addition (“Control, N”, “R, RN”), N fertilization (“Control, R”, “N, RN”), values not followed by the same lower case letter differ at p<0.05.</p

Amount and percentage of SOC loss comparing with initial SOC content.

<p>Control: treatments with no residue or N fertilizer added. N: treatments with N fertilization. R: treatments with residue application. RN: treatments applied with both residue and N fertilizer. Different letters above the bar suggest significant differences at p<0.05, comparisons were performed in different treatments within each site (IAsoil, MDsoil).</p

Summary of the management, inherent and dynamic soil properties at Marsden and the Farming Systems Project.

<p>Variables include texture, pH and soil organic carbon(SOC), soil carbon to nitrogen ratio (C:N), particulate organic matter-carbon (POM-C) and POM-C:N ratio, occluded-POM carbon (OPOM-C), and POM-C:N ratio. Data in table are means ± standard deviation.</p>†<p>C-corn, S-soybean, rc-red clover, A-alfalfa, r-rye cover crop, W-wheat, hv-hairy vetch, W/S-wheat followed by double-cropped soybean. Conv in Maryland followed a 2 yr C-W/S rotation from 1996–1999, Long in Maryland followed a 4 yr C-r/S-W/(r+ orchard grass hay) rotation from 1996–1999.</p>‡<p>Ch-chisel plow, MB-moldboard plow, D-disk.</p>∮<p>N-urea ammonium nitrate, GM-green manure, AM-animal manures, P-triple super phosphate, K-potassium sulfate. For Iowa site, N fertilization rate was 100 kg N ha−1 with side dressing (0–100 kg N ha−1) as needed based on standard soil tests; green manure was red clover (15.7 Mg ha−1, fresh weight basis) for Med system and was second-year alfalfa for Long system; composted beef cattle manure (on average 128 kg N ha−1) was supplied to both Med and Long systems. For Maryland site, the Conv system received on average 160 kg N ha−1 each year; Med and Long systems received green manure (hairy vetch for Med system, and alfalfa for Long system) and cattle manure (on average 150 kg N ha−1) as N sources.</p><p>Values not followed by the same upper case letter differ between two sites (Iowa, Maryland), values not followed by the same lower case letter differ among cropping systems (Conv, Med, Long) within each site. Statistical significances were performed at p<0.05.</p