3D meshless FEM-BEM model for prediction of sound fields in cabins due to external sound disturbances

The Finite Element Method (FEM) and Boundary Element Method (BEM) are widely applied to predict the sound pressure level (SPL) in enclosed spaces for low frequency problems. However, a single method usually cannot fulfill the task for predicting the internal SPL in enclosures including objects in the interior due to external disturbances. Moreover, these methods have some disadvantages such as complex pre-processing, time-consuming and inevitable pollution effects. Based on these drawbacks, this paper attempts to combine the Meshless Method (MM), acoustical FEM and BEM into a hybrid method which can be applied to predict the SPL in an enclosed environment with external sound sources. Firstly, the hybrid theory for the acoustic problem and its implementation are illustrated. Next, numerical simulations and experiments are conducted to validate the peak value, SPL and computing efficiency using this method. Comparative results obtained from the proposed method, FEM and BEM using SYSNOISE are shown to be in agreement, and the proposed method is more efficient. Experimental results show that the average relative error of SPL in each location is less than 5.26 %. It is corroborated that the proposed method is applicable to the prediction of the internal SPL with the case of exterior sound sources existed

The Influence of Intense Chemical Pollution on the Community Composition, Diversity and Abundance of Anammox Bacteria in the Jiaojiang Estuary (China)

Continuous chemical pollution is one of the most serious environmental problems in the Jiaojiang Estuary of the East Sea (China). This chemical pollution has significantly changed the estuarine environmental conditions and may have profoundly influenced the distribution of anammox bacterial communities in this estuary. Here, we investigated the influence of chemical pollution on the community composition, diversity and abundance of anammox bacteria in Jiaojiang estuarine sediments. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA genes showed that the majority of anammox bacterial sequences retrieved from the estuarine intertidal sediments were associated with Kuenenia. In contrast, different anammox communities composed of Brocadia, Kuenenia, Scalindua and Jettenia were found in the estuarine subtidal sediments. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that the sediment nitrobenzene and organic content had significant impacts on the distribution of anammox communities in the intertidal sediments. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the diversity of anammox bacteria in the intertidal sediments was positively correlated with the organic content. In contrast, RDA results showed that the nitrobenzene content, NO3− concentration and salinity significantly influenced the distribution of anammox communities in the subtidal sediments. The diversity and relative abundance of anammox bacteria in the subtidal sediments were positively correlated with NO3− concentration

PointCLIP V2: Adapting CLIP for Powerful 3D Open-world Learning

Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) has shown promising open-world performance on 2D image tasks, while its transferred capacity on 3D point clouds, i.e., PointCLIP, is still far from satisfactory. In this work, we propose PointCLIP V2, a powerful 3D open-world learner, to fully unleash the potential of CLIP on 3D point cloud data. First, we introduce a realistic shape projection module to generate more realistic depth maps for CLIP's visual encoder, which is quite efficient and narrows the domain gap between projected point clouds with natural images. Second, we leverage large-scale language models to automatically design a more descriptive 3D-semantic prompt for CLIP's textual encoder, instead of the previous hand-crafted one. Without introducing any training in 3D domains, our approach significantly surpasses PointCLIP by +42.90%, +40.44%, and +28.75% accuracy on three datasets for zero-shot 3D classification. Furthermore, PointCLIP V2 can be extended to few-shot classification, zero-shot part segmentation, and zero-shot 3D object detection in a simple manner, demonstrating our superior generalization ability for 3D open-world learning. Code will be available at https://github.com/yangyangyang127/PointCLIP_V2

BRAZILIAN ARCHIVES OF BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY A N I N T E R N A T I O N A L J O U R N A L Efficient Regeneration of Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis from Stem Segment

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to establish an efficient regeneration system for the hybrid E. urophylla ×E. grandis by means of organogenesis. Stem segments from seedlings were used as explants and cultured in a modified Murashige and Skoog medium (MS), supplemented with 13.2 µM N-phenyl-N'-[6-(2-chlorobenzothiazol)-yl] urea (PBU) and 0.285 µM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). PBU was a useful growth regulator. After cultivating for 5 d, 96% explants formed callus. After 30 d, the calli obtained were transferred to MS medium containing different combinations of 6-benzyladenine (BA) and naphthalene acetic acid (NA

A B7-CD28 Family-Based Signature Demonstrates Significantly Different Prognosis and Immunological Characteristics in Diffuse Gliomas

The B7-CD28 gene family plays a crucial role in modulating immune functions and has served as potential targets for immunotherapeutic strategies. Therefore, we systematically analyzed B7-CD28 family gene expression profiles and constructed a B7-CD28 family-based prognostic signature to predict survival and immune host status in diffuse gliomas. The TCGA dataset was used as a training cohort, and three CGGA datasets (mRNAseq_325, mRNAseq_693 and mRNA-array) were employed as validation cohorts to intensify the findings that we have revealed in TCGA dataset. Ultimately, we developed a B7-CD28 family-based signature that consisted of CD276, CD274, PDCD1LG2 and CD80 using LASSO Cox analysis. This gene signature was validated to have significant prognostic value, and could be used as a biomarker to distinguish pathological grade and IDH mutation status in diffuse glioma. Additionally, we found that the gene signature was significantly related to intensity of immune response and immune cell population, as well as several other important immune checkpoint genes, holding a great potential to be a predictive immune marker for immunotherapy and tumor microenvironment. Finally, a B7-CD28 family-based nomogram was established to predict patient life expectancy contributing to facilitate personalizing therapy for tumor sufferers. In summary, this is the first mathematical model based on this gene family with the aim of providing novel insights into immunotherapy for diffuse glioma

Changes in Physicochemical Properties and Flavor Characteristics of Rosa roxburghii Tratt. Fruit Vinegar during Fermentation

This paper investigated the compositional changes of Rosa roxburghii Tratt. fruit vinegar during fermentation. By using Rosa roxburghii Tratt. as raw material and using the whole liquid fermentation technique, fruit vinegar was prepared by fermenting alcoholic and acetic acids simultaneously. The physicochemical properties of the fermentation process were dynamically monitored. Headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) and the odor activity value (OAV) were utilized to analyze volatile flavor components. As fermentation proceeded, soluble solids, pH, total sugars, and reduced sugars decreased, while total acid and VC contents increased. From the original juice to the end of acetic acid fermentation, the total acid and VC contents ranged from 1.86 g/100 mL and 956.82 mg/100 mL to 6.79 g/100 mL and 1275.88 mg/100 mL. Oxalic acid, quinic acid, pyruvic acid, ascorbic acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, and fumaric acid showed varying degrees of increasing (P<0.05). By contrast, formic acid, citric acid, maleic acid, and succinic acid exhibited little variation. A total of 92 volatile compounds were detected in the Rosa roxburghii Tratt. fruit vinegar, and with the addition of OAV analysis, ten volatile compounds were identified as key aroma compounds, which included nonanal, acetaldehyde, ethyl isobutyrate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, ethanol, isoamyl alcohol, leaf alcohol, linalool, and phenyl ethanol. Among these components, ethyl butyrate and leaf alcohol contributed most to the aroma of Rosa roxburghii Tratt. fruit vinegar. Green grass and green apples were characteristic aromas of this vinegar. The results of the study would provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the effective control of fermentation conditions, revealing the physicochemical characteristics and flavor features of fermented Rosa roxburghii Tratt. fruit vinegar, forming a method for quality evaluation of Rosa roxburghii Tratt. fruit vinegar, and formulating quality standards

Neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio and platelet–lymphocyte ratio as potential predictive markers of treatment response in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundThe role of platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as independent prognostic markers in different tumors is well established. However, there is a limited review of the potential of NLR and PLR as predictors of treatment outcomes from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).ObjectiveTo establish a correlation between NLR and PLR and the potential of clinical benefit from ICIs.MethodsThe literature search was performed for studies that reported the association between NLR, PLR, and treatment outcomes among cancer patients treated with ICIs. The outcomes of interest were objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and progressive disease (PD). ORR was the summation of patients who achieved complete response and partial response. DCR included patients who achieved stable disease. PD was the proportion of patients who progressed, relapsed, or discontinued the treatment. Statistical analysis was performed using the STATA 12.0 package. Heterogeneity was determined by the I2 value. Quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Egger’s test was used to establish publication bias and sensitivity analysis.ResultsA total of 40 papers that met the inclusion criteria were included in the systematic review. However, only 17 studies were used in the meta-analysis to determine the correlation between NLR, PLR, and treatment response. We found that treatment with ICIs and monitoring of outcomes and adverse events using PLR and NLR parameters have been studied in different tumors. Our analysis showed that low NLR correlated with higher ORR (OR = 0.62 (95% CI 0.47–0.81, p = 0.001) and higher DCR (OR = 0.23, 95% CI 0.14–0.36, p &lt; 0.001). Higher NLR predicted a higher probability of PD (OR = 3.12, 95% CI 1.44, 6.77, p = 0.004). Similarly, low PLR correlated with higher ORR (OR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.5, 0.95, p = 0.025). Generally, patients with low NLR and PLR were more likely to achieve clinical benefit and better response (p-value &lt; 0.001). Meanwhile, patients with high ratios were more likely to progress (p-value &lt; 0.005), although there was significant heterogeneity among studies. There was no significant publication bias observed.ConclusionThe study showed that high NLR and PLR either at baseline or during treatment is associated with poorer treatment outcome. Therefore, these ratios can be utilized in clinical practice with other markers to determine treatment efficacy from immunotherapy

Glycated Haemoglobin A1c Variability Score Elicits Kidney Function Decline in Chinese People Living with Type 2 Diabetes

Our aim was to investigate the association of glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) variability score (HVS) with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) slope in Chinese adults living with type 2 diabetes. This cohort study included adults with type 2 diabetes attending outpatient clinics between 2011 and 2019 from a large electronic medical record-based database of diabetes in China (WECODe). We estimated the individual-level visit-to-visit HbA1c variability using HVS, a proportion of changes in HbA1c of ≥0.5% (5.5 mmol/mol). We estimated the odds of people experiencing a rapid eGFR annual decline using a logistic regression and differences across HVS categories in the mean eGFR slope using a mixed-effect model. The analysis involved 2397 individuals and a median follow-up of 4.7 years. Compared with people with HVS ≤ 20%, those with HVS of 60% to 80% had 11% higher odds of experiencing rapid eGFR annual decline, with an extra eGFR decline of 0.93 mL/min/1.73 m(2) per year on average; those with HVS > 80% showed 26% higher odds of experiencing a rapid eGFR annual decline, with an extra decline of 1.83 mL/min/1.73 m(2) per year on average. Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes and HVS > 60% could experience a more rapid eGFR decline