sj-docx-1-opp-10.1177_10781552231203723 - Supplemental material for Camrelizumab-induced oral lichenoid reaction with subepithelial CD4+ T-cell infiltration

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-opp-10.1177_10781552231203723 for Camrelizumab-induced oral lichenoid reaction with subepithelial CD4+ T-cell infiltration by Xiangjian Wang, Tao Fu and Weilian Sun in Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice</p

Composition-Driven Phase Boundary and Piezoelectricity in Potassium–Sodium Niobate-Based Ceramics

The piezoelectricity of (K,Na)­NbO₃ ceramics strongly depends on the phase boundary types as well as the doped compositions. Here, we systematically studied the relationships between the compositions and phase boundary types in (K,Na) (Nb,Sb)­O₃–Bi_0.5Na_0.5AO₃ (KNNS-BNA, A = Hf, Zr, Ti, Sn) ceramics; then their piezoelectricity can be readily modified. Their phase boundary types are determined by the doped elements. A rhombohedral-tetragonal (R–T) phase boundary can be driven in the compositions range of 0.035 ≤ BNH ≤ 0.040 and 0.035 ≤ BNZ ≤ 0.045; an orthorhombic-tetragonal (O–T) phase boundary is formed in the composition range of 0.005 ≤ BNT ≤ 0.02; and a pure O phase can be only observed regardless of BNS content (≤0.01). In addition, the phase boundary types strongly affect their corresponding piezoelectricities. A larger <i>d</i>₃₃ (∼440–450 pC/N) and a higher <i>d</i>₃₃* (∼742–834 pm/V) can be attained in KNNS-BNA (A = Zr and Hf) ceramics due to the involvement of R–T phase boundary, and unfortunately KNNS-BNA (A = Sn and Ti) ceramics possess a relatively poor piezoelectricity (<i>d</i>₃₃ ≤ 200 and <i>d</i>₃₃* < 600 pm/V) due to the involvement of other phase structures (O–T or O). In addition, the underlying physical mechanisms for the relationships between piezoelectricity and phase boundary types were also discussed. We believe that comprehensive research can design more excellent ceramic systems concerning potassium–sodium niobate

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a Series of Bile Acid Derivatives as FXR Agonists for Treatment of NASH

Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) has become a particularly attractive target for the discovery of drugs for the treatment of liver and metabolic diseases. Obeticholic acid (<b>INT-747</b>), a FXR agonist, has advanced into clinical phase III trials in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), but adverse effects (e.g., pruritus, LDL increase) were observed. Pruritus might be induced by Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5, GPBAR1), and there are chances to develop FXR agonists with higher selectivity over TGR5. In this letter, novel bile acids bearing different modifications on ring A and side chain of <b>INT-747</b> are reported and discussed. Our results indicated that the side chain of <b>INT-747</b> is amenable to a variety of chemical modifications with good FXR potency <i>in vitro</i>. Especially, compound <b>18</b> not only showed promising FXR potency and excellent pharmacokinetic properties, but also proved superior pharmacological efficacy in the HFD + CCl₄ model