Quantum phase transitional patterns in the SD-pair shell model

Patterns of shape-phase transition in the proton-neutron coupled systems are studied within the $SD$-pair shell model. The results show that some transitional patterns in the $SD$-pair shell model are similar to the $U(5)-SU(3)$, $U(5)-SO(6)$ transitions with signatures of the critical point symmetry of the interacting boson model.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figure

Electroconvulsive therapy for agitation in schizophrenia: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background: Agitation poses a significant challenge in the treatment of schizophrenia. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a fast, effective and safe treatment for a variety of psychiatric disorders, but no meta-analysis of ECT treatment for agitation in schizophrenia has yet been reported. Aims: To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of ECT alone or ECT-antipsychotics (APs) combination for agitation in schizophrenia. Methods: Systematic literature search of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed. Two independent evaluators selected studies, extracted data about outcomes and safety with available data, conducted quality assessment and data synthesis. The Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to judge the level of the overall evidence of main outcomes. Results: Seven RCTs from China, including ECT alone (4 RCTs with 5 treatment arms, n=240) and ECT-APs combination (3 RCTs, n=240), were identified. Participants in the studies were on average 34.3(4.5) years of age and lasted an average of 4.3(3.1) weeks of treatment duration. All 7 RCTs were non-blinded, and were rated as low quality based on Jadad scale. Meta-analysis of the pooled sample found no significant difference in the improvement of the agitation sub-score of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) when ECT alone (weighted mean difference=-0.90, (95% confidence interval (CI): -2.91, 1.11), p=0.38) or ECT-APs combination (WMD=-1.34, (95%CI: -4.07, 1.39), p=0.33) compared with APs monotherapy. However, ECT alone was superior to APs monotherapy regarding PANSS total score (WMD=-7.13, I2=0%, p=0.004) and its excitement sub-score (WMD=-1.97, pI2=0%, p=0.004) and its excitement sub-score at 7 and 14 days (WMD=-1.97 to -1.92, p=0.002 to 0.0001) after ECT. The ECT-APs combination was superior to APs monotherapy with respect to the PANSS total score at treatment endpoint (WMD=-10.40, p=0.03) and 7 days (WMD=-5.01, p=0.02). Headache ( number-needed-to-harm (NNH)=3, 95%CI=2-4) was more frequent in the ECT alone group compared to AP monotherapy. According to the GRADE approach, the evidence levels of main outcomes were rated as ‘‘very low’’ (37.5%) and “low” (50%). Conclusion: Pooling of the data based on 7 RCTs from China found no advantage of ECT alone or ECT-APs combination in the treatment of agitation related outcomes in schizophrenia patients. However, ECT alone or ECT-APs combination were associated with significant reduction in the PANSS total score. High-quality RCTs are needed to confirm the current interpretations. Review registration number: CRD4201400668

LLaMA-Adapter: Efficient Fine-tuning of Language Models with Zero-init Attention

We present LLaMA-Adapter, a lightweight adaption method to efficiently fine-tune LLaMA into an instruction-following model. Using 52K self-instruct demonstrations, LLaMA-Adapter only introduces 1.2M learnable parameters upon the frozen LLaMA 7B model, and costs less than one hour for fine-tuning on 8 A100 GPUs. Specifically, we adopt a set of learnable adaption prompts, and prepend them to the input text tokens at higher transformer layers. Then, a zero-init attention mechanism with zero gating is proposed, which adaptively injects the new instructional cues into LLaMA, while effectively preserves its pre-trained knowledge. With efficient training, LLaMA-Adapter generates high-quality responses, comparable to Alpaca with fully fine-tuned 7B parameters. Furthermore, our approach can be simply extended to multi-modal input, e.g., images, for image-conditioned LLaMA, which achieves superior reasoning capacity on ScienceQA. We release our code at https://github.com/ZrrSkywalker/LLaMA-Adapter.Comment: Work in Progress. Code is available at https://github.com/ZrrSkywalker/LLaMA-Adapte

Data_Sheet_1_How has the COVID-19 pandemic affected young people?—Mapping knowledge structure and research framework by scientometric analysis.ZIP

Since the outbreak of COVID-19, there has been a large body of literature focusing on the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and young people. The purpose of this study is to explore the current research status and the specific mechanism of COVID-19's effects on young people based on related literature. This paper mainly used VOS viewer and CiteSpace software to conduct a scientometric analysis of 5,077 publications retrieved from the Web of Science database. The results show that the main contributors to the field were mainly from North America and Europe, and the trend of research focus was from shallow to deep. The five main research areas in the field were summarized by keyword clustering analysis as follows: lifestyle changes due to lockdown; changes in stress and emotions; psychological illness and trauma; risk perception and practice toward the epidemic; interventions and social support. Finally, they were linked by four pathways to form a framework that integrates the relationships between the five domains and between elements within each of them, revealing the mechanism of COVID-19's effect on young people. In addition, less studied but promising elements are also presented in the framework, such as research on special groups (disadvantaged socioeconomic groups and sexual minority youth) and extreme suicidal tendencies that deserve our further attention.</p

Piranha Pin Fin (Ppf) - Advanced Flow Boiling Microstructures With Low Surface Tension Dielectric Fluids

Flow boiling of HFE7000 in a new class of structured microchannel, termed Piranha Pin Fin (PPF), is studied. The novel heat sink consists of an array of 150 micron diameter microstructures entrenched in a 2.4 mm wide silicon channel, with overall device dimensions of 12 by 28 mm. Mass fluxes ranging from 1200 to 7000 kg/s/m2 are used to dissipate base heat loads up to 700 W/cm2, provided over a 6 mm2 heating element located beneath the PPF array. Experimental single phase and flow boiling heat transfer data is presented for two flow configurations within the microdevice - open flow and extraction flow. The effect of system pressure on phase change heat transfer is experimentally examined at operating pressures of 1.4 atm and 2.8 atm. Single and two phase heat transfer coefficients, Nusselt numbers, exit quality, and pressure drop data is presented to develop a comprehensive system-level analysis of the unique heat sink

Ecological Health Status of the Yitong River, China, Assessed with the Planktonic Index of Biotic Integrity

The Yitong River Basin is the main northern urban river basin in China, and its ecological health has become an important issue of public interest. In 2021, the plankton community and main water quality parameters of the Yitong River were monitored quarterly. An evaluation system was established based on the Planktonic Index of Biotic Integrity (P–IBI) to assess the spatial and temporal variability in river health. To verify the feasibility of the P–IBI, its assessment results were compared with those of the water quality index (WQI), and the main factors affecting the P–IBI in different seasons were analyzed using correlation analysis between P–IBI metrics and environmental factors. Seasonal comparisons showed that most sampling sites exceeded the “moderate” level in spring and autumn, followed by winter. The worst assessment results occurred in summer. Urban river reaches were more polluted than reaches in rural areas. Regarding driving factors, hydraulic effects on the P–IBI in spring and autumn were significantly stronger than other environmental factors. In summer and winter, special attention should be paid to the input of nitrogen compounds and organic pollutants. Trends based on the P–IBI and the WQI differed in winter, but site patterns were consistent between both indices. The results provide a theoretical basis and data support for the health maintenance of the Yitong River

Ecological Health Status of the Yitong River, China, Assessed with the Planktonic Index of Biotic Integrity

The Yitong River Basin is the main northern urban river basin in China, and its ecological health has become an important issue of public interest. In 2021, the plankton community and main water quality parameters of the Yitong River were monitored quarterly. An evaluation system was established based on the Planktonic Index of Biotic Integrity (P&ndash;IBI) to assess the spatial and temporal variability in river health. To verify the feasibility of the P&ndash;IBI, its assessment results were compared with those of the water quality index (WQI), and the main factors affecting the P&ndash;IBI in different seasons were analyzed using correlation analysis between P&ndash;IBI metrics and environmental factors. Seasonal comparisons showed that most sampling sites exceeded the &ldquo;moderate&rdquo; level in spring and autumn, followed by winter. The worst assessment results occurred in summer. Urban river reaches were more polluted than reaches in rural areas. Regarding driving factors, hydraulic effects on the P&ndash;IBI in spring and autumn were significantly stronger than other environmental factors. In summer and winter, special attention should be paid to the input of nitrogen compounds and organic pollutants. Trends based on the P&ndash;IBI and the WQI differed in winter, but site patterns were consistent between both indices. The results provide a theoretical basis and data support for the health maintenance of the Yitong River

Flow Boiling Using A Piranha Pin Fin Heat Sink

The Piranha Pin Fin (PPF) microdevice is a heat exchanger engineered to dissipate extreme thermal loads using either dielectric fluids such as HFE7000 or water. Fabrication of the device is CMOS compatible and the first generations of the device have been fashioned from silicon substrates. The PPF operates on the principle that heat transfer would be more efficient if heated fluids could be removed nearly as fast as they are created. This process would keep the driving force as high as possible. Thus the heat exchanger is built as two layers; a primary substrate that dissipates the bulk of the heat and shunts the heated fluids to a booster section that continues to heat the fluid and extends the total surface area of the device. Three generations of devices were fabricated. The first two generations were single-layer systems designed to help understand the operation of the primary layer and optimize the shape and location of the pin fins. The third generation was the first, two-layer system to be fabricated and tested