Additional file 1: Figure S1. of High content imaging quantification of multiple in vitro human neurogenesis events after neurotoxin exposure

Continuous Bis 1 exposure during differentiation for 14 DIV showed higher sensitivity compared to acute exposure. hNP cells were seeded onto 96 well plates at a density of 15,000 cells/well. Differentiating hNP cultures were fixed at end of DIV 14 for analysis following immunocytochemistry for βIII-tubulin and hoechst staining. hN2™ were seeded onto 96 well plates at a density of 15,000 cells/well and fixed by end of 24 h. A, B: 14 DIV differentiation and immunocytochemistry staining for hoechst and βIII-tubulin. A, non-treated DIV 14 cells; B, 10 μM Bis 1 treated DIV 14 cells. C, D: hN2™ 24 h incubation and immunocytochemistry staining for hoechst and βIII-tubulin. C, non-treated hN2™ cells; B, 10 μM Bis 1 treated hN2™ cells. E-H: Total cell count and neurite outgrowth quantification in control and 10 μM Bis 1 treatment in hN2™ cells. Scale bars = 50 μm. Values are the means ± SD. *significant difference between group (P < 0.05) (TIF 2790 kb)

Diastereoselective Synthesis of Indanes and Tetralins via Intramolecular Friedel–Crafts Reaction

An easy access to tetralin and indane skeletons has been developed using a diastereoselective intramolecular Friedel–Crafts alkylation. Treatment of diastereomeric mixtures of benzyl carbinols with a catalytic amount of Ca(NTf₂)₂/Bu₄NPF₆ yields the respective tetralin or indane in good yields with high levels of regio- and diastereoselectivity

Additional file 1: of Practice patterns and outcomes for patients with node-negative hormone receptor-positive breast cancer and intermediate 21-gene Recurrence Scores

Table S1. Chemotherapy receipt by age group, with age separated into three tiers using 35 and 50 years as clinically relevant thresholds. Chemotherapy receipt was significantly dependent on age group in this study (chi-square test, p < 0.001). (DOCX 15 kb

Additional file 4: of Practice patterns and outcomes for patients with node-negative hormone receptor-positive breast cancer and intermediate 21-gene Recurrence Scores

Table S3. Incidence of individual 21-gene Recurrence Scores from 11 to 25, and the comparative utilization of chemotherapy based on the score. (DOCX 14 kb

Additional file 2: of Practice patterns and outcomes for patients with node-negative hormone receptor-positive breast cancer and intermediate 21-gene Recurrence Scores

Figure S1. No difference in  overall survival by use of chemotherapy for patients diagnosed between 2006 and 2010 with median follow-up of 46.4 months. (TIFF 150 kb

Involvement of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Albuminuria Induced Inflammasome Activation in Renal Proximal Tubular Cells

<div><p>Albuminuria contributes to the progression of tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Although it has been demonstrated that ongoing albuminuria leads to tubular injury manifested by the overexpression of numerous proinflammatory cytokines, the mechanism remains largely unknown. In this study, we found that the inflammasome activation which has been recognized as one of the cornerstones of intracellular surveillance system was associated with the severity of albuminuria in the renal biopsies specimens. In vitro, bovine serum albumin (BSA) could also induce the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in the cultured kidney epithelial cells (NRK-52E). Since there was a significant overlap of NLRP3 with the ER marker calreticulin, the ER stress provoked by BSA seemed to play a crucial role in the activation of inflammasome. Here, we demonstrated that the chemical chaperone taurine-conjugated ursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) which was proved to be an enhancer for the adaptive capacity of ER could attenuate the inflammasome activation induced by albuminuria not only in vitro but also in diabetic nephropathy. Taken together, these data suggested that ER stress seemed to play an important role in albuminuria-induced inflammasome activation, elimination of ER stress via TUDCA might hold promise as a novel avenue for preventing inflammasome activation ameliorating kidney epithelial cells injury induced by albuminuria.</p></div

Bovine serum albumin induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in NRK-52E cells.

<p>A. Western blot analysis shows the expression of GRP78 and the phosphorylation of eIF2a in NRK-52E cells after treatment without or with 5 mg/ml BSA for various time periods in serum-free medium. The whole cell lysate was immunoblotted with GRP78, phosphorylated- eIF2α and eIF2α antibody, respectively. The same blot was reprobed with α-tubulin to confirm equal loading of each lane. B. Western blot analysis shows the expression of GRP78 and the phosphorylation of eIF2a in NRK-52E cells without or with different amounts of BSA for 12 h in serum-free medium. C and D: Graphical presentation shows the relative abundances of GRP78 after normalization with α-tubulin and the phosphorylation of eIF2α after normalization with eIF2α. Data are presented as mean±SEM of three independent experiments. *<i>P</i><0.05 vs. normal control (the relative abundance of GRP78 protein level); # P<0.05 vs. normal control (the phosphorylation of eIF2α).</p

Expression of the inflammasome markers in renal tubular epithelia is associated with the severity of proteinuria.

<p>(The information and histological diagnoses are listed in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0072344#pone.0072344.s002" target="_blank">Table S1</a>). And samples were divided into the following categories according to the severity of proteinuria: mild (proteinuria<0.5 g/24 h); moderate (proteinuria 1.0–3.5 g/24 h); and severe (proteinuria>5 g/24 h). A. Representative micrographs by immunofluorescence staining of caspase-1 from patients with proteinuria, demonstrating the predominance of tubular staining for active caspase-1 and the correlation between intensity of tubular staining and proteinuria level. B. Representative micrographs by immunofluorescence staining of IL-1β. C. Representative micrographs by immunohistochemical staining of IL-18. D. Scatter diagram demonstrated the relative abundance of the semiquantitative histomorphometric analysis of the immunostaining of caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 (n = 5). *<i>P</i><0.05 vs. mild (proteinuria<0.5 g/24 h); # P<0.05 vs. moderate (proteinuria 1.0–3.5 g/24 h).</p

Reclamation of Acid Pickling Waste: Preparation of Nano α‑Fe₂O₃ and Its Catalytic Performance

Nano α-Fe₂O₃ materials with various size and morphology were prepared from acid pickling waste using nonionic surfactant polyethylene glycol (PEG-400) as dispersant and ultrasonic enhancement, as proved by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV–vis, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), respectively. The results showed that high purity (96.89%) α-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles were well-crystallized with different size and morphology, mainly including a web-like structure linked by about 25 nm spherical particles (Fe-w), a nanorod with about a 45 nm width diameter (Fe-r), and daylily bud-like materials with a 50 nm width leaf (Fe-l). The Fe-w, as well as other nanosized α-Fe₂O₃, was found to be very active for benzylation of aromatics by benzyl chloride, exhibiting turn over frequency (TOF) of 35.2 h^–1 for anisole, 65.1 h^–1 for aniline, 33.3 h^–1 for phenol, and 1776 h^–1 for benzene, respectively. The catalyst could be recycled at least three times without appreciable loss of catalytic activity

Flow cytometric analysis of homogenates prepared from perennial ryegrass (a) and Japanese foxtail (b).

<p>Flow cytometric analysis of homogenates prepared from perennial ryegrass (a) and Japanese foxtail (b).</p