New combinations in Lactifluus, 2 : L. subg. Gerardii

In this second of a series of three papers, new combinations in the genus Lactifluus are proposed. This paper treats Lactarius subg. Gerardii (proposed here as new combination in Lactifluus). In this subgenus 17 combinations at species level are proposed

Wide-Range Tunable Dynamic Property of Carbon Nanotube-Based Fibers

Carbon nanotube (CNT) fiber is formed by assembling millions of individual tubes. The assembly feature provides the fiber with rich interface structures and thus various ways of energy dissipation, as reflected by the non-zero loss tangent (>0.028--0.045) at low vibration frequencies. A fiber containing entangled CNTs possesses higher loss tangents than a fiber spun from aligned CNTs. Liquid densification and polymer infiltration, the two common ways to increase the interfacial friction and thus the fiber's tensile strength and modulus, are found to efficiently reduce the damping coefficient. This is because the sliding tendency between CNT bundles can also be well suppressed by the high packing density and the formation of covalent polymer cross-links within the fiber. The CNT/bismaleimide composite fiber exhibited the smallest loss tangent, nearly as the same as that of carbon fibers. At a higher level of the assembly structure, namely a multi-ply CNT yarn, the inter-fiber friction and sliding tendency obviously influence the yarn's damping performance, and the loss tangent can be tuned within a wide range, as similar to carbon fibers, nylon yarns, or cotton yarns. The wide-range tunable dynamic properties allow new applications ranging from high quality factor materials to dissipative systems

Density Dependence of Transport Coefficients from Holographic Hydrodynamics

We study the transport coefficients of Quark-Gluon-Plasma in finite temperature and finite baryon density. We use AdS/QCD of charged AdS black hole background with bulk-filling branes identifying the U(1) charge as the baryon number. We calculate the diffusion constant, the shear viscosity and the thermal conductivity to plot their density and temperature dependences. Hydrodynamic relations between those are shown to hold exactly. The diffusion constant and the shear viscosity are decreasing as a function of density for fixed total energy. For fixed temperature, the fluid becomes less diffusible and more viscous for larger baryon density.Comment: LaTeX, 1+33 pages, 6 figures, references adde

Divergent Cesàro Means of Jacobi-Sobolev Expansions

Let µ be the Jacobi measure supported on the interval [­1; 1]. Let introduce the Sobolev-type inner product …. In this paper we prove that, for certain indices δ, there are functions whose Ces_aro means of order δ in the Fourier expansion in terms of the orthonormal polynomials associated with the above Sobolev inner product are divergent almost everywhere on [-1; 1].Let µ be the Jacobi measure supported on the interval [­1; 1]. Let introduce the Sobolev-type inner product …. In this paper we prove that, for certain indices δ, there are functions whose Ces_aro means of order δ in the Fourier expansion in terms of the orthonormal polynomials associated with the above Sobolev inner product are divergent almost everywhere on [-1; 1]

Reflections on the Development of the EU Law

My aim in this article is to examine ways in which the present system of legal thinking and legal methodologies could be improved through careful examination and verification of factual data. There is a widely held view among legal scholars that legal global system is in need of reform. By studying the real operations of law, one should discover the facts constituted the law. This article will examine the extent to which it is possible to identify a coherent legal method that may be applied when analyzing European Union Law and the law of European Member States within application of European Union Law. The article is meant primarily to be a basic research at a meta-level. The article aims to answer two main research questions about doctrine of the sources of law and their interpretation related to the development of EU law in interaction with the law of its Member States: What are characteristics of the legal method actually used by European legal actors? What changes in the relative importance of various sources of law occur in connection with the integration of EU law into national law? Today, unanimity in support of the rule of law promotion is a feat unparalleled in history. No other single political ideal has ever achieved global support. In a globe undergoing constant and legal rapid change, it is imperative to accurately describe, explain, and predict the key events and issues unfolding in global legal affairs. By examining the legal methods actually used by the EU institutions and other European legal actors in each of the substantive areas, and by analyzing those methods in light of the currently prevailing legal theories I will be able to identify similarities and differences in the way the European legal actors go about answering questions about what is valid law

Reflections on the Development of the EU Law

My aim in this article is to examine ways in which the present system of legal thinking and legal methodologies could be improved through careful examination and verification of factual data. There is a widely held view among legal scholars that legal global system is in need of reform. By studying the real operations of law, one should discover the facts constituted the law. This article will examine the extent to which it is possible to identify a coherent legal method that may be applied when analyzing European Union Law and the law of European Member States within application of European Union Law. The article is meant primarily to be a basic research at a meta-level. The article aims to answer two main research questions about doctrine of the sources of law and their interpretation related to the development of EU law in interaction with the law of its Member States: What are characteristics of the legal method actually used by European legal actors? What changes in the relative importance of various sources of law occur in connection with the integration of EU law into national law? Today, unanimity in support of the rule of law promotion is a feat unparalleled in history. No other single political ideal has ever achieved global support. In a globe undergoing constant and legal rapid change, it is imperative to accurately describe, explain, and predict the key events and issues unfolding in global legal affairs. By examining the legal methods actually used by the EU institutions and other European legal actors in each of the substantive areas, and by analyzing those methods in light of the currently prevailing legal theories I will be able to identify similarities and differences in the way the European legal actors go about answering questions about what is valid law

On channel adaptive energy management in wireless sensor networks

Energy constraints in a wireless sensor network are crucial issues critically affecting the network lifetime and connectivity. To realize true energy saving in a wireless environment,the time varying property of the wireless channel should also be taken into account. Unfortunately, this factor has long been ignored in most existing state-of-the-art energy saving protocols. Neglecting the effects of varying channel quality can lead to an unnecessary waste of precious battery resources, and, in turn, can resultin the rapid depletion of sensor energy and partitioning of the network. In this paper, we propose a channel adaptiveenergy managementprotocol, called CAEM, that can exploit this time varying nature of the wireless link. Specifically, CAEM leverages on the synergistically cross-layer interaction between physical and MAC layers. Thus, each sensor node can intelligently access the wireless medium according to the current wireless link quality and the predicted traffic load, to realize an efficient utilization of the energy. Extensivesimulation results indicate that CAEM can achieve as much as 40% reductionin energy dissipation compared with traditional protocols without channel adaptation. © 2005 IEEE.published_or_final_versio

Development of a model-based optimal control strategy of Centrifugal Chiller System

2006-2007 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordPublishe