Supporting women farmers in a changing climate: five policy lessons

Policies, institutions and services to help farmers develop new approaches to deal with climate change will need to produce results for women farmers as well as men. This brief provides five policy lessons to support this process, based on evidence from research in low- and middle- income countries and offers guidelines for crafting gender-responsive climate policies at global and national levels. This research was presented in March 2015 at a seminar in Paris on ‘Closing the gender gap in farming under climate change’, co-organized by the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), the International Social Science Council (ISSC) and Future Earth

Bivariate and Multvariable logistic regression modelling of factors related to treatment response (OR: Odd Ratio, CI95%: 95% Confidence Interval).

<p><i>c</i>-statistics = 0.78, Hosmer and Lemeshow Goodness-of-Fit Test p = 0.82.</p

Perinatal characteristics of the population according to the response to Iboprofen.

<p>Perinatal characteristics of the population according to the response to Iboprofen.</p

Polymorphisms frequencies (N, (%)) of CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 in population (n = 111).

<p>Polymorphisms frequencies (N, (%)) of CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 in population (n = 111).</p

Clinical characteristics of the population according to the response to Ibuprofen.

<p>Clinical characteristics of the population according to the response to Ibuprofen.</p

Table1_Premedication before laryngoscopy in neonates: Evidence-based statement from the French society of neonatology (SFN).docx

ContextLaryngoscopy is frequently required in neonatal intensive care. Awake laryngoscopy has deleterious effects but practice remains heterogeneous regarding premedication use. The goal of this statement was to provide evidence-based good practice guidance for clinicians regarding premedication before tracheal intubation, less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) and laryngeal mask insertion in neonates.MethodsA group of experts brought together by the French Society of Neonatology (SFN) addressed 4 fields related to premedication before upper airway access in neonates: (1) tracheal intubation; (2) less invasive surfactant administration; (3) laryngeal mask insertion; (4) use of atropine for the 3 previous procedures. Evidence was gathered and assessed on predefined questions related to these fields. Consensual statements were issued using the GRADE methodology.ResultsAmong the 15 formalized good practice statements, 2 were strong recommendations to do (Grade 1+) or not to do (Grade 1−), and 4 were discretionary recommendations to do (Grade 2+). For 9 good practice statements, the GRADE method could not be applied, resulting in an expert opinion. For tracheal intubation premedication was considered mandatory except for life-threatening situations (Grade 1+). Recommended premedications were a combination of opioid + muscle blocker (Grade 2+) or propofol in the absence of hemodynamic compromise or hypotension (Grade 2+) while the use of a sole opioid was discouraged (Grade 1−). Statements regarding other molecules before tracheal intubation were expert opinions. For LISA premedication was recommended (Grade 2+) with the use of propofol (Grade 2+). Statements regarding other molecules before LISA were expert opinions. For laryngeal mask insertion and atropine use, no specific data was found and expert opinions were provided.ConclusionThis statement should help clinical decision regarding premedication before neonatal upper airway access and favor standardization of practices.</p