Identidad Colectiva, Empoderamiento y Gastronomía en Manabí – Ecuador

This study examines the potential relationships between creating a collective identity around the appreciation of intangible cultural heritage and the subsequent increase in empowerment; recognizing that some authors have proposed a connection between these constructs, our research endeavors to shed light on the nature and significance of these relationships. This study aims to answer the research questions by collecting data in October 2022, specifically in the cities of Manta, Portoviejo, and Chone in the region of Manabí. Although the results contribute to understanding the empowerment processes through the enhancement of intangible cultural resources and collective identity, it is essential to point out that caution must be exercised when generalizing to other populations with different demographic and cultural characteristics.Este estudio examina las posibles relaciones entre la creación de una identidad colectiva en torno a la valorización del patrimonio cultural inmaterial y el posterior aumento del empoderamiento; Reconociendo que algunos autores han propuesto una conexión entre estos constructos, nuestra investigación se esfuerza por arrojar luz sobre la naturaleza y el significado de estas relaciones. Este estudio tiene como objetivo responder las preguntas de investigación mediante la recolección de datos en octubre de 2022, específicamente en las ciudades de Manta, Portoviejo y Chone en la región de Manabí. Si bien los resultados contribuyen a comprender los procesos de empoderamiento a través de la puesta en valor de los recursos culturales intangibles y la identidad colectiva, es fundamental señalar que se debe tener cautela al generalizar a otras poblaciones con características demográficas y culturales diferentes

Lack of Cross-Scale Linkages Reduces Robustness of Community-Based Fisheries Management

Community-based management and the establishment of marine reserves have been advocated worldwide as means to overcome overexploitation of fisheries. Yet, researchers and managers are divided regarding the effectiveness of these measures. The “tragedy of the commons” model is often accepted as a universal paradigm, which assumes that unless managed by the State or privatized, common-pool resources are inevitably overexploited due to conflicts between the self-interest of individuals and the goals of a group as a whole. Under this paradigm, the emergence and maintenance of effective community-based efforts that include cooperative risky decisions as the establishment of marine reserves could not occur. In this paper, we question these assumptions and show that outcomes of commons dilemmas can be complex and scale-dependent. We studied the evolution and effectiveness of a community-based management effort to establish, monitor, and enforce a marine reserve network in the Gulf of California, Mexico. Our findings build on social and ecological research before (1997–2001), during (2002) and after (2003–2004) the establishment of marine reserves, which included participant observation in >100 fishing trips and meetings, interviews, as well as fishery dependent and independent monitoring. We found that locally crafted and enforced harvesting rules led to a rapid increase in resource abundance. Nevertheless, news about this increase spread quickly at a regional scale, resulting in poaching from outsiders and a subsequent rapid cascading effect on fishing resources and locally-designed rule compliance. We show that cooperation for management of common-pool fisheries, in which marine reserves form a core component of the system, can emerge, evolve rapidly, and be effective at a local scale even in recently organized fisheries. Stakeholder participation in monitoring, where there is a rapid feedback of the systems response, can play a key role in reinforcing cooperation. However, without cross-scale linkages with higher levels of governance, increase of local fishery stocks may attract outsiders who, if not restricted, will overharvest and threaten local governance. Fishers and fishing communities require incentives to maintain their management efforts. Rewarding local effective management with formal cross-scale governance recognition and support can generate these incentives

Comparing Formal and Informal Institutions with the Institutional Grammar Tool

Conference Paper"While the role of formal and informal institutions has been long recognized among common-pool resources scholars working under the Institutional Analysis and Development Framework (IAD), not much attention has been devoted to disentangling the relative influence of each one on social behavior. We explore this issue through the application of the grammar of institutions, semi-structured interviews, and Q-sort methods. The goal of this paper is two-fold. First, the paper seeks to provide a deeper understanding of the interplay between formal and informal institutions on policy compliance. We do so in the context of aquaculture policies in the State of Colorado, USA. Second, this paper seeks to continue to develop Crawford and Ostrom’s grammar of institutions as an analytical tool for systematic institutional analysis. The results from the case study are mixed. We found some respondents reporting strong alignment between informal and the formal institutions but others reporting weak alignment. Additionally, feelings of personal guilt or shame and fear of social disapproval, together, were cited as being more influential in shaping individuals’ decision making regarding compliance with formal institutions than was fear of monetary sanctioning. The paper concludes with a discussion of the unexpected relationships among different syntactic elements of the grammar thereby deepening the understanding of how the grammar of institutions can help in the examination of policy documents and explain human behavior.

Using the IAD's Institutional Grammar to Understand Policy Design: An Application to Colorado Aquaculture

This draft offers a preliminary analysis of an on-going project to develop guidelines for applying the IAD's Institutional Grammar to understand the content of policy design. We seek to understand the foundational elements of policy design by examining the individual institutional statements that constitute policies. The Institutional Grammar offered by the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework is a valuable tool with which to systematically identify the institutions-in-form that govern behavior of people in collective action situations. Understanding how these statements are modified over time may be indicative of broader changes regarding how policy issues are framed, altered contextual factors, and new actors and sources of information entering the policy arena. In this study, we adapt the IAD's Institutional Grammar to code the major laws and regulations of Colorado State aquaculture, through which we identify the institutions-in-form that guide aquaculture activities in the State. We focus our discussion on offering insights regarding the applicability of the IAD's Institutional Grammar as it is currently presented, including theoretical limitations and suggestions for improved applications

Satisfacción del usuario con la calidad de atención en Consulta Externa del Centro de Rehabilitación Médica INFA Portoviejo año 2009 - 2010

El Ministerio de Inclusión Económica y Social (MIES), cuenta con el Instituto de la Niñez y la Familia (INFA), para brindar atención especializada en rehabilitación física a la población con capacidades especiales. Este Centro Médico oferta servicios de consulta médica, rehabilitación física y administrativas. Hasta el 2008 era una entidad privada sin fines de lucro, a partir del 2009, el INFA presta sus servicios gratuitamente, esperándose aumento de la demanda de pacientes y como consecuencia disminución de la insatisfacción del usuario. La dirección planteó investigar para determinar las áreas conflictivas y proponer soluciones para alcanzar metas que permitan disminuir la congestión de pacientes en consulta externa (CE). Los objetivos fueron: Determinar la satisfacción del usuario con la calidad de atención brindada en Consulta Externa del CRM No. 3 INFA- Portoviejo; Determinar la demanda del servicio en términos de la filiación de los pacientes y motivos de consulta más frecuentes; Identificar los motivos de insatisfacción del usuario con la calidad de atención; Medir la insatisfacción de pacientes, familiares y empleados. Universo: todos los pacientes que acuden a consulta externa; la muestra se calculó según fórmula para el personal, la muestra es el universo. Se emplearon encuestas cualitativas cerradas para la recolección de datos. El trabajo fue exploratorio, descriptivo, no-experimental, desarrollado de agosto de 2009 a febrero de 2010. Se concluyó que: El 57% de la demanda son niños y adultos mayores, predominantemente de zonas urbanas marginales de Manabí; 13% son analfabetos y fundamentalmente por lesiones neuromotoras, Accesibilidad positiva (74%); La demanda de servicios no está satisfecha ya que supera a la oferta (50%), 32% lo satisfacen por la Dirección. El área más conflictiva Admisión (86%); Desean especialidades de Otorrinolaringología y Neurología (65%); 90% dijo ser bien atendido. Los profesionales brindan calidad (95%). El 90% de necesidades sin cubrir, por insuficiente tecnología (87%) y ambiente laboral agradable (74%). Se entregaron los resultados a la Dirección.The Ministry of Economic and Social Inclusion (MIES), has an Institute for Children and Families (INFA) to provide specialized care in physical rehabilitation to people with special abilities. This medical center offers services in: seven areas of medical practice, four physical and four administrative. Until 2008 it was a private non-profit organization, until January [2009], the INFA becomes a public entity that provides the delivery of their services for free to the community, expected increase in patient demand and consequently decrease of user satisfaction. The center's director, decided to perform an investigation to determine the most troubled areas and propose solutions to meet the targets to reduce congestion of patients in outpatient (CE). The objectives were to determine user satisfaction with the quality of outpatient care provided in the CRM No. 3 INFA-Portoviejo, determine the demand for the service in terms of the affiliation of patients and most frequent reasons for consultation, identify the reasons User dissatisfaction with the quality of care, measure the dissatisfaction of patients, families and employees. Universe: All patients attending the outpatient and the sample was calculated in relation to pre-established formula. Closed qualitative surveys were used for data collection. The work will be exploratory, descriptive, non-experimental, developed in August 2009 to February 2010. It was concluded that: 57% of demand are children and older adults, predominantly urban fringe of Manabí, 13% are illiterate, predominantly motor neuronal injury, Accessibility positive (74%) Demand for services is not satisfied because exceeds supply (50%), 32% met by the management. The most contentious area admission (86%), 65% want to specialties of Neurology and Otolaryngology, 90% said they were well attended. Provide quality professionals (95%). 90% unmet needs by insufficient technology (87%) and pleasant working environment (74%).Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduado

Defining Small-Scale Fisheries and Examining the Role of Science in Shaping Perceptions of Who and What Counts: A Systematic Review

Small-scale fisheries (SSF) have long been overshadowed by the concerns and perceived importance of the industrial sector in fisheries science and policy. Yet in recent decades, attention to SSF is on the rise, marked by a proliferation of scientific publications, the emergence of new global policy tools devoted to the small-scale sector, and concerted efforts to tally the size and impacts of SSF on a global scale. Given the rising tide of interest buoying SSF, it's pertinent to consider how the underlying definition shapes efforts to enumerate and scale up knowledge on the sector—indicating what dimensions of SSF count and consequently what gets counted. Existing studies assess how national fisheries policies define SSF, but to date, no studies systematically and empirically examine how the definition of SSF has been articulated in science, including whether and how definitions have changed over time. We systematically analyzed how SSF were defined in the peer-reviewed scientific literature drawing on a database of 1,723 articles published between 1960 and 2015. We coded a 25% random sample of articles (n = 434) from our database and found that nearly one-quarter did not define SSF. Among those that did proffer a definition, harvest technologies such as fishing boats and gear were the most common characteristics used. Comparing definitions over time, we identified two notable trends over the 65-year time period studied: a decreasing proportion of articles that defined SSF and an increasing reliance on technological dimensions like boats relative to sociocultural characteristics. Our results resonate with findings from similar research on the definition of SSF in national fisheries policies that also heavily rely on boat length. We call attention to several salient issues that are obscured by an overreliance on harvest technologies in definitions of SSF, including dynamics along the wider fisheries value chain and social relations such as gender. We discuss our findings considering new policies and emerging tools that could steer scientists and practitioners toward more encompassing, consistent, and relational means of defining SSF that circumvent some of the limitations of longstanding patterns in science and policy that impinge upon sustainable and just fisheries governance

Tourism Destination Recovery after Disaster: An Evaluation of the Tourism Disaster Resilience Scorecard for Destinations (TDRSD)

En el año 2015 se llevó a cabo un estudio de resiliencia en la ciudad de Manta usando como herramienta el Scorecard de Resiliencia Turística para Destino (SRTD). Los resultados de dicho estudio exhibieron debilidades significativas en la capacidad de respuesta del Departamento Turístico del cantón frente a escenarios de crisis que pudiesen afectar el destino. De igual manera se detectaron falencias en el portafolio de estrategias de recuperación y adaptación para escenarios probables de crisis. Ante las problemáticas encontradas los investigadores presentaron propuestas de mejoras, que no pudieron ser implementadas por el Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado (GAD) de Manta debido a falta de presupuesto para medidas de prevención de riesgos. En abril de 2016, exactamente un año después del estudio, un terremoto de 7.8 grados en la escala de Richter sacudió la ciudad de Manta evidenciando las falencias encontradas por el SRTD. El presente trabajo realiza una valoración cuantitativa y cualitativa de la efectividad del SRTD al momento de evaluar la resiliencia de los destinos turísticos, mediante un estudio comparativo entre los resultados obtenidos en el 2015 y las problemáticas enfrentadas por el GAD de Manta después del terremoto. La finalidad de este estudio es verificar la precisión, confiabilidad y validez del SRTD al momento de evaluar la capacidad de resiliencia de los destinos turísticos, y por tanto comprobar en base a datos estadísticos que tan útil es la herramienta al momento de señalar las debilidades y fortalezas de los destinos frente a escenarios de riesgo.In 2015 a resilience study was conducted in the city of Manta using the Tourism Disaster Resilience Scorecard for Destinations (TDRSD). The results showed significant weaknesses in the capacity of the Tourism Department of the destination to deal with crisis scenarios that may affect the city. The study also revealed an ambiguous portfolio of recovery and adaption strategies. The researchers presented a proposal of an improvement plan to strengthen the capacity of responseand recovery of the destination which was not implemented due to lack of budget. On April 16th, a year after the study, a 7.8 (Richter scale) earthquake struck the city of Manta, evidencing the flaws found in the study. The present study focused on the quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the TDRSD validity and efficacy when measuring the resilience scores of a tourism destination, using a mixed methodology to compare the results obtained in 2015 and the problems faced in Manta after the earthquake. The main aim of this study is to verify the precision, validity, and reliability of the TDRSD when evaluating the resilience capacity of tourism destinations, thus asserting the utility and veracity of the tool when evaluating the weakness and strengths of the destination facing risk scenarios