Generalized Levitin--Polyak well-posedness in constrained optimization

Author name used in this publication: X. Q. Yang2006-2007 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordPublishe

Nonlinear Lagrangian for multiobjective optimization and applications to duality and exact penalization

Author name used in this publication: Yang, X. Q.2002-2003 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordPublishe

A nonlinear Lagrangian approach to constrained optimization problems

Author name used in this publication: Yang, X. Q.2000-2001 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordPublishe

Development of 〈110〉 texture in copper thin films

Author name used in this publication: C. H. Woo2001-2002 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordPublishe

Kinetics-limited surface structures at the nanoscale

Author name used in this publication: C. H. Woo2002-2003 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordPublishe

Copper thin film of alternating textures

Author name used in this publication: C. H. Woo2002-2003 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordPublishe

Engineering kinetic barriers in copper metallization

Author name used in this publication: C. H. Woo2002-2003 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordPublishe

Expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis and peptic ulcer disease

published_or_final_versio

Large-Eddy Simulation of Flow and Pollutant Transport in Urban Street Canyons with Ground Heating

Our study employed large-eddy simulation (LES) based on a one-equation subgrid-scale model to investigate the flow field and pollutant dispersion characteristics inside urban street canyons. Unstable thermal stratification was produced by heating the ground of the street canyon. Using the Boussinesq approximation, thermal buoyancy forces were taken into account in both the Navier–Stokes equations and the transport equation for subgrid-scale turbulent kinetic energy (TKE). The LESs were validated against experimental data obtained in wind-tunnel studies before the model was applied to study the detailed turbulence, temperature, and pollutant dispersion characteristics in the street canyon of aspect ratio 1. The effects of different Richardson numbers (Ri) were investigated. The ground heating significantly enhanced mean flow, turbulence, and pollutant flux inside the street canyon, but weakened the shear at the roof level. The mean flow was observed to be no longer isolated from the free stream and fresh air could be entrained into the street canyon at the roof-level leeward corner. Weighed against higher temperature, the ground heating facilitated pollutant removal from the street canyon.Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology. Center for Environmental Sensing and Monitorin