Single-cell atlas reveals different immune environments between stable and vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques

IntroductionRegardless of the degree of stenosis, vulnerable plaque is an important cause of ischemic stroke and thrombotic complications. The changes of the immune microenvironment within plaques seem to be an important factor affecting the characteristics of the plaque. However, the differences of immune microenvironment between stable and vulnerable plaques were remained unknown.MethodsIn this study, RNA-sequencing was performed on superficial temporal arteries from 5 traumatic patients and plaques from 3 atherosclerotic patients to preliminary identify the key immune response processes in plaques. Mass cytometry (CyTOF) technology was used to explore differences in immune composition between 9 vulnerable plaques and 12 stable plaques. Finally, immunofluorescence technique was used to validate our findings in the previous analysis.ResultsOur results showed that more CD86+CD68+ M1 pro-inflammatory macrophages were found in vulnerable plaques, while CD4+T memory cells were mainly found in stable plaques. In addition, a CD11c+ subset of CD4+T cells with higher IFN-r secretion was found within the vulnerable plaque. In two subsets of B cells, CD19+CD20-B cells in vulnerable plaques secreted more TNF-a and IL-6, while CD19-CD20+B cells expressed more PD-1 molecules.ConclusionIn conclusion, our study suggested that M1-like macrophages are the major cell subset affecting plaque stability, while functional B cells may also contribute to plaque stability

Higher Risk of Stroke Is Correlated With Increased Opportunistic Pathogen Load and Reduced Levels of Butyrate-Producing Bacteria in the Gut

Objective: Gut microbiota is a newly identified risk factor for stroke, and there are no large prospective studies linking the baseline gut microbiome to long-term risk of stroke. We present here the correlation between the gut microbiota and stroke risk in people with no prior stroke history.Methods: A total of 141 participants aged ≥60 years without prior history of stroke were recruited and divided into low-risk, medium-risk, and high-risk groups based on known risk factors and whether they were suffering from chronic diseases. The composition of their gut microbiomes was compared using 16S rRNA gene amplicon next-generation-sequencing and Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology (QIIME) analysis. Levels of fecal short-chain fatty acids were measured using gas chromatography.Results: We found that opportunistic pathogens (e.g., Enterobacteriaceae and Veillonellaceae) and lactate-producing bacteria (e.g., Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus) were enriched, while butyrate-producing bacteria (e.g., Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae) were depleted, in the high-risk group compared to the low-risk group. Butyrate concentrations were also lower in the fecal samples obtained from the high-risk group than from the low-risk group. The concentrations of other short-chain fatty acids (e.g., acetate, propionate, isobutyrate, isovalerate, and valerate) in the gut were comparable among the three groups.Conclusion: Participants at high risk of stroke were characterized by the enrichment of opportunistic pathogens, low abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria, and reduced concentrations of fecal butyrate. More researches into the gut microbiota as a risk factor in stroke should be carried out in the near future

Spectrophotometric determination of osmium using molybdate and nile blue in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol

1124-1126A sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of osmium(Vlll) has been developed, based on the reaction of osmium(Vlll) with molybdate and nile blue (NB) to form an ion association complex in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol.·The molar absorptivity at 585 nm is 2.81 x 106 dm3 mol-1 cm-1. Beer's law is obeyed over the range 0-1.8 µg of osmium per 25 ml. The method can also be applied for the determination of trace amounts of osmium in some catalysts and metallurgical products

A high-resolution remote sensing image building extraction method based on deep learning

Traditional building extraction from very high resolution remote sensing optical imagery is limited by low precision and incomplete boundary. In this paper, a high-resolution remote sensing image building extraction method based on deep learning is proposed. Firstly, Principal Component Analysis is used to pre-train network structure in an unsupervised way and obtain the characteristics of remote sensing image. Secondly, an adaptive pooling model is proposed to reduce the feature information loss in the pooling process. The texture features are extracted by non-subsampled contour wave transformation and introduced to the network to improve the building extraction. Finally, the obtained image features are inputted into the softmax classifier for classification and building extraction results. A typical experiment areas selected. The comparison with typical building extraction method, the experimental results shows that the proposed method can extract the buildings with higher accuracy, especially the clearer and more complete boundary

Femoral Morphologic Differences in Subtypes of High Developmental Dislocation of the Hip

目的 明确高位脱位髋臼发育不良中C1型与C2型股骨近端的形态有无差别,以及C1型与C2型股骨脱位高度是否相同.方法 回顾性分析54例高位脱位近端股骨患者的临床资料,C1型28髋,C2型26髋.在髋关节正位、侧位平片上测量股骨干及髓腔的内外径,同时测量股骨头高度、股骨脱位高度、大转子高度.由两名独立研究者对测量的可重复性进行试验,发现测量者内和测量者间的一致性很好.结果 与C1型股骨相比.C2型股骨近端股骨窄,髓腔指数更小(2.7±0.6),更像烟囱型.C2型股骨脱位比C1型高18 mm.结论 两种亚型股骨形态的差异在手术处理时需要采用不同的方式和不同形态的假体来重建近端股骨.03204-2090

Study on the flow injection method for the determination of L-cysteine with a Cu(II) complex by fluorescence quenching

1344-1347A flow injection method for fluorescence determination of cysteine using 5-(3-fluo-4-chloropheny lazo)-8-benzenesulfonamidoquinoline (FCPBSQ), a new fluorescence reagent, has been proposed. The method is based on the quenching of fluorescence in the Cu(II)-FCPBSQ system by cysteine in nearly neutral medium. Under the optimum conditions, the fluorescence quenching intensity increases linearly with increase in the concentration of cysteine in the range of 0.050-6.0 μg/ml. The detection limits of this method is 0.010 μg/ml with a sample frequency of 64h-1. The method is free of interference from several metal ions and amino acids without -SH group and has been successfully applied for the determination of cysteine in the pharmachemical samples. The mechanism of the fluorescence quenching is also discussed

Long-term functional outcomes improved with deep brain stimulation in patients with disorders of consciousness

Background Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been preliminarily applied to treat patients with disorders of consciousness (DoCs). The study aimed to determine whether DBS was effective for treating patients with DoC and identify factors related to patients’ outcomes.Methods Data from 365 patients with DoCs who were consecutively admitted from 15 July 2011 to 31 December 2021 were retrospectively analysed. Multivariate regression and subgroup analysis were performed to adjust for potential confounders. The primary outcome was improvement in consciousness at 1 year.Results An overall improvement in consciousness at 1 year was achieved in 32.4% (12/37) of the DBS group compared with 4.3% (14/328) of the conservative group. After full adjustment, DBS significantly improved consciousness at 1 year (adjusted OR 11.90, 95% CI 3.65–38.46, p<0.001). There was a significant treatment×follow up interaction (H=14.99, p<0.001). DBS had significantly better effects in patients with minimally conscious state (MCS) compared with patients with vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (p for interaction <0.001). A nomogram based on age, state of consciousness, pathogeny and duration of DoCs indicated excellent predictive performance (c-index=0.882).Conclusions DBS was associated with better outcomes in patients with DoC, and the effect was likely to be significantly greater in patients with MCS. DBS should be cautiously evaluated by nomogram preoperatively, and randomised controlled trials are still needed

CCLHunter: An efficient toolkit for cancer cell line authentication

Cancer cell lines are essential in cancer research, yet accurate authentication of these cell lines can be challenging, particularly for consanguineous cell lines with close genetic similarities. We introduce a new Cancer Cell Line Hunter (CCLHunter) method to tackle this challenge. This approach utilizes the information of single nucleotide polymorphisms, expression profiles, and kindred topology to authenticate 1389 human cancer cell lines accurately. CCLHunter can precisely and efficiently authenticate cell lines from consanguineous lineages and those derived from other tissues of the same individual. Our evaluation results indicate that CCLHunter has a complete accuracy rate of 93.27%, with an accuracy of 89.28% even for consanguineous cell lines, outperforming existing methods. Additionally, we provide convenient access to CCLHunter through standalone software and a web server at https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/cclhunter