Education, Work, Citizenship of Youth in China: Strategies, Achievements, and Challenges

This article examines China's strategies for and constraints on protecting and implementing children's and young people's rights to education, employment and social and political participation. It shows that the 1978 policy of reform and opening to the world brought forth significant domestic economic and social changes and exposed China and its people to the world. All this, in turn, created new demands and concerns for the development of youth education, work and citizenship. The article further shows that in China, these three domains of youth have been influenced by changing domestic and global contexts, and the state has played a vital role in facilitating these changes in three major spheres of youth. China, however, has also been confronted with equity issues arising from new developments in these domains.published_or_final_versio

Social Change and Teaching and Learning Citizenship Education: An Empirical Study of Three Schools in Guangzhou, China

Since the 1980s, China has increased its openness to the world and made tremendous domestic economic and social changes. This study investigates the relationship between social change and pedagogies in citizenship education (CE) and to what extent indoctrination is prevalent in CE in schools in Guangzhou, China. Data were drawn mainly from documents, student questionnaires, observed CE lessons, and interviews with students and CE teachers. Findings revealed the coexistence of various CE pedagogies (e.g., inculcation; values clarification; inquiry-based); perceived open and free classrooms in which students expressed and respected diverse views; rote learning for examination, not political, purposes; and teachers’ tension between reluctantly teaching politically sensitive topics and promoting multiple perspectives to foster critical thinking. These findings may reflect the complex interplay among different actors in the reselection of CE elements and pedagogies, in response to China’s gradual, post-1980s social transition to a less restrictive, more accommodating society.postprin

A weighted interval rough number based method to determine relative importance ratings of customer requirements in QFD product planning

Customer requirements (CRs) play a significant role in the product development process, especially in the early design stage. Quality function deployment (QFD), as a useful tool in customer-oriented product development, provides a systematic approach towards satisfying CRs. Customers are heterogeneous and their requirements are often vague, therefore, how to determine the relative importance ratings (RIRs) of CRs and eventually evaluate the final importance ratings is a critical step in the QFD product planning process. Aiming to improve the existing approaches by interpreting various CR preferences more objectively and accurately, this paper proposes a weighted interval rough number method. CRs are rated with interval numbers, rather than a crisp number, which is more flexible to adapt in real life; also, the fusion of customer heterogeneity is addressed by assigning different weights to customers based on several factors. The consistency of RIRs is maintained by the proposed procedures with design rules. A comparative study among fuzzy weighted average method, rough number method and the proposed method is conducted at last. The result shows that the proposed method is more suitable in determining the RIRs of CRs with vague information

How do libraries use social networking sites to interact with users?

Conference Theme: Information, Interaction, Innovation: Celebrating the Past, Constructing the Present and Creating the FutureASIST 2012 Proceedings' web site is located at http://www.asis.org/asist2012/proceedings/frontmatter/titlepage12.htmlSocial networking sites (SNS) are helpful for stirring up interactions among users. The number of libraries which adopt SNSs is increasing. However, user engagement is low on many libraries’ SNSs. Existing research mainly focuses on the ways SNSs used in libraries and the librarians or users’ attitudes towards libraries using SNSs. Little research has been done on how to use SNSs to interact with library users effectively. This study focuses on the interactions between libraries and users on libraries’ Facebook, Twitter and Weibo. Four types of interactions are examined, including knowledge sharing, information dissemination, communication and knowledge gathering. A mixed method is applied in this study: quantitative results, generated from the analysis on around 1700 posts sampled from 40 libraries’ SNSs, are incorporated with qualitative results concluded from the interviews with 10 librarians. The study finds that among the four types of interactions, knowledge sharing attracts the largest volume of user responses on libraries’ SNSs. The study’s investigation on the differences of Facebook-like and Twitter-like SNSs and those between academic and public libraries on using SNSs suggests that in order to improve the efficiency of interacting with users on SNSs, there are necessities for libraries to coordinate different types of SNSs and take the properties of their communities under consideration.postprin

Behavior of a movable electrode in piezo-response mode of an atomic force microscope

Author name used in this publication: C. H. XuAuthor name used in this publication: C. H. WooAuthor name used in this publication: S. Q. ShiAuthor name used in this publication: Y. Wang2003-2004 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordPublishe

Admissibility of a wide cluster solution in "anisotropic" higher-order traffic flow models

We analytically investigate a wide cluster solution and show that it is not admitted in some of the traffic flow models in the literature. For those traffic flow models that admit the wide cluster solution, the relationship between two important control parameters and the critical densities that divide an equilibrium solution into stable and unstable regions is thoroughly discussed in detail. We find that such wide clusters exist with a free traffic density in an unstable region, and with one or three critical densities. These results are different from the cases in the well-known higher-order traffic flow models of Payne and Whitham [H. J. Payne, "Models of freeway traffic and control," in Mathematical Models of Public Systems, A. G. Bekey, ed., Simulation Council Proc. Ser. 1, La Jolla, CA, 1971, pp. 51-61], [G. B. Whitham, Linear and Nonlinear Waves, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1974], Kühne [R. D. Kühne, "Macroscopic freeway model for dense traffic-stop-start waves and incident detection," in Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Transportation and Traffic Theory, J. Volmuller and R. Hamerslag, eds., VNU Science Press, Utrecht, 1984, pp. 21-42], and Kerner and Konhäuser [B. S. Kerner and P. Konhäuser, Phys. Rev. E (3), 50 (1994), pp. 54-83]. © 2007 Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.published_or_final_versio

A weighted rough set based fuzzy axiomatic design approach for the selection of AM processes

Additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing, as an enabling technology for mass customization or personalization, has been developed rapidly in recent years. Various design tools, materials, machines and service bureaus can be found in the market. Clearly, the choices are abundant, but users can be easily confused as to which AM process they should use. This paper first reviews the existing multi-attribute decision-making methods for AM process selection and assesses their suitability with regard to two aspects, preference rating flexibility and performance evaluation objectivity. We propose that an approach that is capable of handling incomplete attribute information and objective assessment within inherent data has advantages over other approaches. Based on this proposition, this paper proposes a weighted preference graph method for personalized preference evaluation and a rough set based fuzzy axiomatic design approach for performance evaluation and the selection of appropriate AM processes. An example based on the previous research work of AM machine selection is given to validate its robustness for the priori articulation of AM process selection decision support

Spin relaxation in submonolayer and monolayer InAs structures grown in a GaAs matrix

Electron-spin dynamics in InAs/GaAs heterostructures consisting of a single layer of InAs (1/3-1 monolayer) embedded in (001) and (311)A GaAs matrix was studied by means of time-resolved Kerr rotation spectroscopy. The spin-relaxation time of the submonolayer InAs samples is significantly enhanced, compared with that of the monolayer InAs sample. The electron-spin-relaxation time and the effective g factor in submonolayer samples were found to be strongly dependent on the photogenerated carrier density. The contribution from both the D'yakonov-Perel' mechanism and Bir-Aronov-Pikus mechanism are discussed to interpret the temperature dependence of spin decoherence at various carrier densities. © 2009 The American Physical Society.published_or_final_versio

Inhibitory Effect of Polysaccharides from Scutellaria barbata D. Don on Invasion and Metastasis of 95-D Cells Lines via Regulation of C-MET and E-CAD Expressions

Purpose: To investigate the inhibitory effect of polysaccharides from Scutellaria barbata (PSB) on invasion and metastasis of lung cancer, and study the possible mechanism.Methods: PSB was extracted with water and by alcohol precipitation, and purified by DEAE-52 column chromatography. A highly invasive and metastatic lung carcinoma cell, 95-D cell line, was used for the study. Cell adhesion and invasion assays in vitro were performed to evaluate the anti-invasive and antimetastatic effects of PSB (50 - 200 μg/ml) on 95-D cell. Immunocytochemical staining and Western blot techniques were employed to study the regulatory effects of PSB on the expression of C-MET and ECAD.Results: The results indicate that PSB significantly inhibited cell invasion and migration of 95-D in a concentration-dependent manner (p < 0.05). The adhesion of 95-D cells to fibronectin was also inhibited by PSB (p < 0.05). The expression of C-MET and E-CAD in 95-D cells treated with PSB were significantly down-regulated and up-regulated, respectivelt (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Treatment with PSB can significantly inhibit the invasion and metastasis of 95-D cells in vitro, probably through the regulation of C-MET and E-CAD.Keywords: Polysaccharide, Scutellaria barbata, 95-D cell lines, Invasion, Metastasi

Surface reconstructions and stability of X-shaped carbon nanotube junction

Author name used in this publication: S. Q. Shi2005-2006 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordPublishe