Crop rotation and native microbiome inoculation restore soil capacity to suppress a root disease

14 páginas.- 5 figuras.- 58 referencias.- Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-43926-4.It is widely known that some soils have strong levels of disease suppression and prevent the establishment of pathogens in the rhizosphere of plants. However, what soils are better suppressing disease, and how management can help us to boost disease suppression remain unclear. Here, we used field, greenhouse and laboratory experiments to investigate the effect of management (monocropping and rotation) on the capacity of rhizosphere microbiomes in suppressing peanut root rot disease. Compared with crop rotations, monocropping resulted in microbial assemblies that were less effective in suppressing root rot diseases. Further, the depletion of key rhizosphere taxa in monocropping, which were at a disadvantage in the competition for limited exudates resources, reduced capacity to protect plants against pathogen invasion. However, the supplementation of depleted strains restored rhizosphere resistance to pathogen. Taken together, our findings highlight the role of native soil microbes in fighting disease and supporting plant health, and indicate the potential of using microbial inocula to regenerate the natural capacity of soil to fight disease. © 2023, The Author(s).This research was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China 2022YFD2201900 (Xi.L.), the National Natural Science Foundation of China 32122056, 42011045 (Xi.L.), and the earmarked fund for CARS-13 (X.W.). M.D-B. acknowledges support from TED2021-130908B-C41/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/Unión Europea NextGenerationEU/PRTR and from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for the I + D + i project PID2020-115813RA-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033.Peer reviewe

Effect of probiotic intervention on intestinal flora and immune status in patients with secondary infections to HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure

Objective To assess the effect of probiotic intervention on intestinal flora and immune status in patients with secondary infections to HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF). Methods A total of 101 patients with HBV-ACLF treated in our hospital between January, 2017 and June, 2018 were enrolled in this study, including 56 without secondary infections (HBV-ACLF group) and 45 with secondary infections to HBV-ACLF (secondary infection group), with 67 healthy participants as controls. All the patients with HBV-ACLF were treated with bifidobacterium quadruple live bacteria tablets in addition to the routine treatments for 1 month. From all the participants, fecal specimens were collected before and after the treatment to analyze the changes in Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, yeast, Staphylococcus, Bacteroides and Streptococcus mutans; peripheral blood samples were also obtained for testing the serum levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG and IgM using ELISA; the changes in T lymphocyte subsets CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ were detected using immunofluorescence flow cytometry, and the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8(IL-8) were determined using ELISA. Results Compared with the control group, the patients with HBV-ACLF in both groups before the treatment showed significantly reduced abundance of intestinal Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria and increased abundance of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, yeast, Staphylococcus, Bacteroides, and Streptococcus pneumoniae (P 0.05). Conclusion The patients with secondary infections to HBV-ACLF have abnormal changes in intestinal flora and immune status, which can be improved by probiotic intervention

Elevated ADAR expression is significantly linked to shorter overall survival and immune infiltration in patients with lung adenocarcinoma

To date, few studies have investigated whether the RNA-editing enzymes adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) influence RNA functioning in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). To investigate the role of ADAR in lung cancer, we leveraged the advantages of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, from which we obtained transcriptome data and clinical information from 539 patients with LUAD. First, we compared ARAR expression levels in LUAD tissues with those in normal lung tissues using paired and unpaired analyses. Next, we evaluated the influence of ADARs on multiple prognostic indicators, including overall survival at 1, 3 and 5 years, as well as disease-specific survival and progression-free interval, in patients with LUAD. We also used Kaplan-Meier survival curves to estimate overall survival and Cox regression analysis to assess covariates associated with prognosis. A nomogram was constructed to validate the impact of the ADARs and clinicopathological factors on patient survival probabilities. The volcano plot and heat map revealed the differentially expressed genes associated with ADARs in LUAD. Finally, we examined ADAR expression versus immune cell infiltration in LUAD using Spearman's analysis. Using the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA2) database, we identified the top 100 genes most significantly correlated with ADAR expression, constructed a protein-protein interaction network and performed a Gene Ontology/Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis on these genes. Our results demonstrate that ADARs are overexpressed in LUAD and correlated with poor patient prognosis. ADARs markedly increase the infiltration of T central memory, T helper 2 and T helper cells, while reducing the infiltration of immature dendritic, dendritic and mast cells. Most immune response markers, including T cells, tumor-associated macrophages, T cell exhaustion, mast cells, macrophages, monocytes and dendritic cells, are closely correlated with ADAR expression in LUAD

Kinetics of Viscosity Decrease by Cellulase Treatment of Bleached Hardwood Kraft-Based Dissolving Pulp

A dissolving pulp of low cellulose viscosity represents a pulp of high quality; hence, it is often necessary to decrease the initial dissolving pulp viscosity. One so-called environmentally friendly approach to further reducing the dissolving pulp viscosity is to treat the dissolving pulp with cellulase enzymes. In this study, the kinetics of the decrease in cellulose viscosity during a cellulase treatment was investigated. The study showed that the kinetics of the cellulose degradation during a cellulase treatment can be divided into at least two phases, where the initial phase is very fast and the final phase is very slow. The kinetic two-phase model for the viscosity degradation that has been developed in this project can be used to predict and control the final pulp viscosity of dissolving pulps

Dilute Sulfuric Acid Hydrolysis of Pennisetum (sp.) Hemicellulose

Dilute sulfuric acid hydrolysis of Pennisetum (sp.) hemicellulose was investigated in this work. The hemicellulose was obtained by ethanol precipitation of hydrolysate produced via the microwave-assisted H2O2-NaOH extraction from the Pennisetum (sp.). Acid hydrolysis was performed by varying the process parameters, including the sulfuric acid concentration, hydrolysis temperature, solid to liquor ratio, and the reaction time. The xylose yield was selected as the target of process optimization and the orthogonal experiment of L9 (34) was designed to optimize the process conditions. The highest xylose yield of 86.5% could be obtained under the conditions of an acid concentration of 1%, the hydrolysis temperature of 105 °C, a solid to liquor ratio of 1:15, and a reaction time of 4 h. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed that most of the hemicellulose had been depolymerized into xylose

Boosting Oxygen Delignification of Poplar Kraft Pulp by Xylanase Pretreatment

Enhancement of oxygen delignification is critical to improve subsequent bleaching efficiency while being environmentally compatible. In the present study, xylanase was used to improve the delignification process of poplar kraft pulp. Results showed that the kappa number reduction ratio (KRR) of 14.5% was achieved for the pulp under xylanase-assisted oxygen delignification processes when compared to the control without xylanase treatment. Other pulp properties, such as intrinsic viscosity and brightness, also improved somewhat; i.e., viscosity increased by 28 mL/g units and ISO brightness increased 1.4% points. Furthermore, 31P-NMR was employed to characterize the chemical structure of the residual lignin of the pulps before and after oxygen delignification. It showed that the condensed phenolic and syringyl hydroxyl groups decreased significantly for the xylanase-assisted oxygen-delignified pulps

Height and lung cancer risk: A meta-analysis of observational studies.

The association between height and lung cancer risk has been investigated by epidemiological studies but the results are inconsistent. This meta-analysis was to evaluate whether the height is associated with lung cancer.We identified relevant articles by searching the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases, and reviewed the reference lists of selected papers. A random effect model was used to calculate summary odds ratios (OR) and relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Publication bias was estimated using Egger's regression asymmetry test.We included a total 16 studies (15 prospective studies and one case-control study) on adult height and lung cancer risk in the meta-analysis. Overall, per 10-cm height increases were associated with increased risk of lung cancer (RR 1.06; 95% CI 1.03-1.09, I2 = 43.6%).In this meta-analysis, high adult height is related to increased lung cancer risk. Well-designed, large prospective studies are required to obtain a better indication of the relationship

Wet Oxidation Pretreatment of Wood Pulp Waste for Enhancing Enzymatic Saccharification

Effective pretreatment of wood pulp waste is important for enhancing enzymatic saccharification. For this reason, wet oxidation process conditions were considered with the hypothesis that the alkaline oxygen conditions would favor delignification and hydrolysis of lignocellulose. Enzymatic saccharification was greatly improved to 42.9% in terms of reducing sugar yield under the conditions of pH = 10, oxygen pressure = 1.2 MPa, time = 15 min, and temperature = 195 °C. A total of 39% of lignin and 73% of hemicellulose were removed and dissolved into the hydrolyzate. Furthermore, the chemical structure, crystallinity, and morphology of the treated substrate were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)